U-Kayla, umkhomo obulalayo oneminyaka engu-2019, washona eFlorida ngoJanuwari 30. Ukube wayehlala endle, cishe wayezophila iminyaka engu-50, mhlawumbe engu-80. Nokho, uKayla usephile isikhathi eside kunanoma yimuphi umkhomo obulalayo ozalelwe ekuthunjweni. .
Ukuthi kuwubuntu yini ukugcina imikhomo ebulalayo iboshiwe kuwumbuzo osekunesikhathi eside ubangela inkulumo-mpikiswano eshubile. Lezi yizilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ezihlalisanayo ezakhiwe ngofuzo ukuze ziphile, zifuduke futhi zidle olwandle ezindaweni ezinkulu. NgokukaNaomi Rose, ofunda ngezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle e-Institute for Animal Welfare eWashington, imikhomo yasendle nefuywa ngabantu ayikwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside ekuthunjweni.
Ama-Killer whales yizilwane ezinkulu ezibhukuda amabanga amade endle (ngokwesilinganiso samamayela angu-40 ngosuku) hhayi nje ngoba ziyakwazi lokho, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi zidinga ukuzidlela ukudla kwazo futhi zinyakaze kakhulu. Zitshuza zijule ngamafidi ayi-100 kuye kwangama-500 izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
“Kumane kuyisayensi yezinto eziphilayo,” kusho uRose. “Umkhomo ozalwa eyisiboshwa ongakaze uhlale olwandle unomuzwa ofanayo wemvelo. Zijwayelwe kusukela zizalwa ukuze zihambe amabanga amade ziyofuna ukudla nezihlobo zazo. Lapho ithunjiwe, imikhomo ebulalayo izizwa sengathi ivalelwe ebhokisini.”
Izimpawu zokuhlupheka
Kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela enciphisa isikhathi sokuphila se-orcas ekuthunjweni, ochwepheshe bezenhlalakahle zezilwane bathi, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi impilo yabo isengozini ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo. Lokhu kungabonakala engxenyeni yomzimba ebaluleke kakhulu yemikhomo ebulalayo: amazinyo awo. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi e-US, ingxenye yesine yayo yonke imikhomo ebulalayo inomonakalo omkhulu wamazinyo, futhi i-70% inomonakalo okungenani. Ezinye izixuku zemikhomo ebulalayo endle nazo zibhekana nokuguga kwamazinyo, kodwa kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngokungafani nomonakalo obukhali nozumayo obonwa emikhomo ebulalayo evalelwe.
Ngokwalolu cwaningo, lo monakalo ubangelwa kakhulu imikhomo ebulalayo ehlala igaya amazinyo ezinhlangothini zethangi, ngokuvamile kuze kube yilapho izinzwa ziphumela obala. Izindawo ezithintekile zingenwa kalula izifo, ngisho noma abanakekeli bevame ukuzikhukhumeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Lokhu kuziphatha okubangelwa ingcindezi kulotshwe ezifundweni zesayensi kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Izindlela ezinjalo eziphindaphindayo zokwenza ngaphandle kwenjongo esobala zivamile ezilwaneni ezithunjiwe.
Imikhomo ebulalayo, njengabantu, inobuchopho obuthuthuke kakhulu emikhakheni yobuhlakani bezenhlalo, ulimi, kanye nokuzazi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi endle imikhomo ebulalayo ihlala ngamaqembu emindeni ehlangene enomkhuba oyinkimbinkimbi, oyingqayizivele odluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Ekuthunjweni, imikhomo ebulalayo igcinwa emaqenjini omphakathi okwenziwa noma yodwa ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhomo ebulalayo ezalelwe izithunjwa ngokuvamile ihlukana nonina isencane kakhulu kunasendle. Futhi ekuthunjweni, ama-killer whales awakwazi ukugwema izingxabano namanye ama-whales abulalayo.
Ngo-2013, kwakhululwa i-documentary Black Fish, eyakhuluma indaba yomkhomo obanjwe endle okuthiwa u-Tilikum owabulala umqeqeshi. Le filimu yayihlanganisa nobufakazi babanye abaqeqeshi nochwepheshe be-cetacean abathi ukucindezeleka kukaTilikum kwamenza waba nolaka kubantu. Futhi lokhu akusona ukuphela kwecala lapho ama-whales abulalayo eziphatha ngendlela enobudlova.
I-Blackfish iphinde yahlanganisa nengxoxo nalowo owayengumzingeli womkhomo ongumbulali wasendle uJohn Crow, owachaza kabanzi ngenqubo yokubamba imikhomo emincane ebulalayo endle: ukukhala kwemikhomo emincane ebulalayo ebanjwe inetha, nosizi lwabazali bayo, abagijima bezungeza futhi bakwazi. hhayi usizo.
Izinguquko
Ukusabela komphakathi kuBlackfish kwakushesha futhi kuthukuthele. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezibukeli ezithukuthele zisayine izicelo zokuthi kuqedwe ukuthunjwa nokuxhashazwa kwemikhomo ebulalayo.
“Konke kwaqala ngomkhankaso ongagqamile, kodwa kwaba yinsakavukela. Kwenzeke ngobusuku obubodwa,” kusho uRose, obemele inhlalakahle yama-orcas avalelwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-90s.
Ngo-2016, konke kwaqala ukushintsha. Ukuzalanisa ama-Killer whale sekungekho emthethweni esifundazweni saseCalifornia. I-SeaWorld, ipaki yase-US kanye nochungechunge lwe-aquarium, ngokushesha yamemezela ukuthi izoluqeda ngokuphelele uhlelo lwayo lokuzalanisa imikhomo, ithi imikhomo yayo ebulalayo njengamanje izoba isizukulwane sokugcina esihlala eziqiwini zayo.
Kodwa isimo sisashiya okuningi okungafunwa. Nakuba kubonakala kunethemba lekusasa eliqhakazile lemikhomo ebulalayo eNtshonalanga, eRussia naseChina, imboni yokuzalanisa izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle iyaqhubeka ikhula. Muva nje eRussia kube nesigameko “nejele lomkhomo”, kanti eChina njengamanje kunamapaki asolwandle angama-76 asebenzayo namanye angama-25 asakhiwa. Iningi lama-cetaceans abathunjiwe selibanjiwe futhi lathunyelwa lisuka eRussia naseJapan.
Kufanele nje sikhumbule ukuthi imikhomo ebulalayo ayinayo indawo yokuthunjwa, futhi ayisekeli ama-dolphinariums namapaki etimu!