Okuqukethwe
Ngo-2022, kunezindlela zangempela zokuthola imali yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi lakho. Ngamunye wabo unama-nuances ayo, izinzuzo nezingozi, esizoxoxa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe. Futhi ochwepheshe bethu banikeze izeluleko kosomabhizinisi abasafufusa mayelana nendaba yokuthola imali yokuqala.
Imibandela yokuthola imali yokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi
| Ungathola kuphi | Kusuka kuhulumeni, emabhange, kozakwethu, kubatshalizimali abazimele, ngosizo lwe-crowdfunding |
| Ingabe ngidinga ukubuya | Cha, kodwa udinga ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe |
| Yimalini ongayithola kuhulumeni | Kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-20 |
| Amafomu osizo oluvela kuhulumeni | Ezezimali, impahla, ulwazi, izeluleko, ezemfundo |
| Ukutholakala kohlelo lwebhizinisi | Uhlelo lwebhizinisi luyadingeka cishe kuzo zonke izimo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuqala ngalo. |
| Iyiphi ifomethi engcono ukukhetha: ubambiswano noma ukuheha abatshalizimali | Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo ukuthi uzakwethu unamalungelo alinganayo nosomabhizinisi, angaba nomthelela ezinqubweni zebhizinisi futhi enze ibhizinisi. Umtshali-zimali utshala imali futhi ulinda inzuzo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izinqubo. Lokhu kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha. |
| Okufanele ukwenze uma ibhizinisi liphazamisekile futhi umtshali-zimali efuna ukubuyiselwa imali | Kunoma yikuphi, umtshali-zimali kuzodingeka akhokhe. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhipha imali etholwe ekuthengisweni kwebhizinisi, izinto zokusebenza, njll. Uma le mali inganele, ungathengisa indawo noma wenze isivumelwano sokukhokha isikweletu. |
Ngingayitholaphi imali yokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi
Inani elidingekayo lingathathwa kuhulumeni. Uma uxhaso luvunyiwe futhi nosomabhizinisi ethobela yonke imibandela, imali ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibuyiswe. Uma le ndlela ingafaneleki ngesizathu esithile, ungafaka isicelo ebhange ukuze uthole imalimboleko, uthole umlingani noma umtshali-zimali ozimele, futhi uthole imali yokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi usebenzisa i-crowdfunding.
Ukwesekwa kukahulumeni
Umbuso weseka kuphela lawo mabhizinisi asebenza ezimbonini ezithile. Lezi yizindawo zokujwayela umphakathi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ezomkhakha wezolimo kanye nezokuvakasha1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, osomabhizinisi abasafufusa abahlela ukuhlela ibhizinisi elincane noma eliphakathi bangathola ukwesekwa.
Kukhona nokwesekwa kwesifunda. Kubandakanya uxhaso lokuthuthukisa imikhakha ebekwe eqhulwini, imiqhudelwano yezibonelelo zabesifazane abenza amabhizinisi kanye nosomabhizinisi abancane.
Inzuzo eyinhloko yokusekelwa kombuso ukuthi umxhaso akudingeki ukuba ubuyiselwe. Inzuzo yombuso kuleli cala ayikona ukukhishwa kwenzuzo, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha ophuzile ngezindleko zezinkampani ezintsha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usomabhizinisi othole uxhaso usenezibopho ezithile. Imali yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenjongo yayo ehlosiwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubika ngezindleko. Uma kungenjalo, usomabhizinisi ngeke nje alahlekelwe isithunzi sakhe, angase abhekane nokuphatha, futhi kwezinye izimo, icala lobugebengu.
Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokweseka amabhizinisi kahulumeni ezisebenzayo njengamanje2:
| Igama lohlelo | Ubani ongabamba iqhaza | Iluphi usizo olunikezwayo |
| "Qala" | Osomabhizinisi abasebenza emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe be-IT | 2,5 million ruble evela kuhulumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, usomabhizinisi kufanele athole umtshali-zimali ozofaka imali efanayo ebhizinisini. |
| "Uhlakaniphile" | Osomabhizinisi abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30. Inzuzo yalabo abasebenza emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obusha | Ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500 avela kuhulumeni |
| “Intuthuko” | Osomabhizinisi abahlela ukwandisa inkampani ngenhlangano yemisebenzi eyengeziwe | Kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-15 avela kuhulumeni |
| "Ukubambisana" | Amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi alungele ukwenziwa ngesimanjemanje futhi afakwe ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ezinkulu | Kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-20 avela kuhulumeni |
| “Ukwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe” | Amabhizinisi nezinkampani ezihlela ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ngokubambisana nezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe | Kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-15 avela kuhulumeni |
Ukwengeza kuzo zonke- izinhlelo, kukhona ezifundeni. Abahlanganyeli babo banikezwa uxhaso ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhakha othile womsebenzi. Isifunda ngasinye sizoba nemibandela yaso, imithetho kanye nezindawo zokusekela. Umxhaso kubo ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ubuyiselwe esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa kwezwe kungathatha ifomethi ehlukile.
- Ezezimali - izibonelelo, izibonelelo, izinzuzo.
- Impahla - enikeza ibhizinisi amalungelo okusebenzisa indawo yombuso ngemibandela ekhethwayo.
- Ulwazi – ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zolwazi zikahulumeni nezesifunda zosomabhizinisi.
- Ukubonisana - ukubonisana nochwepheshe ngendlela yezifundo zokuqeqesha mayelana nokudala kanye nokuziphatha okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi.
- Ezemfundo - ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kanye nokuqeqeshwa kabusha kochwepheshe.
Usomabhizinisi ibhizinisi lakhe liyibhizinisi elincane, elincane noma eliphakathi, imali yakhe engenayo ingeqi ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngonyaka, futhi abasebenzi bakhe abangeqi abasebenzi abangama-2, bazokwazi ukuthola ukwesekwa kwesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneminye imibandela okufanele kuhlangatshezwane nayo uma ulindele ukuthola usizo.
- Okungenani ama-51% emali egunyaziwe yebhizinisi kumele kube ngeyabantu noma amabhizinisi amancane.
- Ingxenye esele (hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-49%) yemali egunyaziwe ingaba ngeyamabhizinisi angeyona ingxenye yama-SME.
- Ubukhulu obungama-25% wemali eyinhloko egunyaziwe ingase ibanjwe uhulumeni, iziphathimandla zesifunda noma izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo.
- Inhlangano kumele ibe khona emakethe isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-2.
- Inkampani kufanele ibhaliswe ne-Federal Tax Service.
- Inkampani akufanele ibe nezikweletu zentela, izikweletu kanye neminikelo yomphakathi.
- Inhlangano kufanele ifakwe Kurejista Ehlanganisiwe Yamabhizinisi Amancane Namaphakathi. Uma ingekho kurejista, usizo oluvela kuhulumeni alukwazi ukutholwa, ngisho noma zonke ezinye izimo zihlangatshezwana nazo.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yezinyathelo zokusekelwa zikahulumeni inikezwa amabhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhakha womsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngoxhaso lwezezimali lwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo, uxhaso oluvame kakhulu luya ekuthuthukisweni nasekusekeleni imikhakha ebaluleke kakhulu yomnotho. Manje lokhu kufaka phakathi ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezolimo, imfundo, izinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle, ezokuvakasha zasekhaya, ubuchwepheshe obusha, uhwebo lwezitolo ezinkulu nezidayisayo, namasiko.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo ezingenhla, iziphathimandla zesifunda zingase zinikeze ezinye izibonelelo.3.
- Okokuqashwa kwemishini. Ukukhokhwa kwengxenye yenkokhelo ephansi ekupheleni kwesivumelwano sokuqashisa impahla kuxhaswa ngezimali. Isinxephezelo sifinyelela ku-70% yenani elidingekayo. Ukuze uthole, udinga ukubamba iqhaza ekukhethweni kokuncintisana.
- Ukukhokha inzalo emalini ebolekiwe. Uma usomabhizinisi ebolekiwe ukuze athuthukise ibhizinisi futhi asekele, umbuso ungamsiza ukuba akhokhe inzalo.
- Ukubamba iqhaza emibukisweni. Inani lesinxephezelo alikho ngaphezu kuka-50% yenani elidingekayo. Lapho ubamba umbukiso endaweni ye-Federation - kufika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-350, endaweni yezwe langaphandle - kufika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-700.
- Ngomkhankaso wokukhangisa. Inani le-subsidy lifinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Ikhokhwa ngokheshi, kodwa ngezimpahla noma izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuqhuba umkhankaso.
- Ukuze uthole izitifiketi zemikhiqizo, ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe, ukuthola izitifiketi namalungelo obunikazi - kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-3.
Ulwazi olugcwele mayelana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo loxhaso lungatholwa ehhovisi lesifunda le-Federal Corporation lama-SME. Uhlu lwabo luyatholakala kuwebhusayithi mybusiness.rf noma iwebhusayithi yeNhlangano uqobo.
Ungathola futhi iseluleko ngazo zonke izindlela zokwesekwa kombuso kwebhizinisi ngokushayela inombolo yocingo. Uhlu lwezinombolo zikahulumeni nezesifunda lukusayithi mybusiness.rf. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonisana nge-inthanethi kungenzeka kusuka ezikhungweni zeBhizinisi Lami ku-SME Digital Platform, insiza esemthethweni yoMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Komnotho we-Federation.
Nokho, kunezimo lapho uxhaso lunganqatshwa.
- Inkambu yomsebenzi ikhethiwe engasekelwa umbuso. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo kagwayi, utshwala, umshwalense kanye namabhange.
- Isicelo sesibonelelo sithunyelwe kabusha.
- Uhlelo lwebhizinisi olubi. Imali engenayo nezindleko akucatshangelwa ngemininingwane eyanele, izibalo ezidingekayo azikho, isikhathi sokukhokha side kakhulu, ukubaluleka kwezenhlalo nezomnotho akuchazwa.
- Inani lemali edingekayo leqiwe.
- Izikhombisi-ndlela zokusebenzisa imali azichazwanga. Lesi esinye sezimo eziyinhloko. Kufanele kucace emibhalweni ukuthi imali ihlelelwe ukusetshenziswa kukho. Uma kungenjalo, izikhungo zikahulumeni ngeke zikwazi ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuhlosiwe kwesabelomali esabiwe.
Uma ungazi ukuthi yini ongayifaka isicelo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zoxhaso ezifanele ibhizinisi lakho, kunengqondo kakhulu ukuqala ngokubonisana ne-Federal SME Corporation.
| Izinzuzo zokwesekwa kukahulumeni kwezamabhizinisi | Ububi bokwesekwa kukahulumeni kwezamabhizinisi |
| Imali ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibuyiselwe kuhulumeni | Ukwesekwa kwezezimali kulindeleke kuphela ezindaweni ezithile zomnotho |
| Amanani aphezulu okuxhaswa ngemali | Imali ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngokuhambisana nezibalo ezethulwe, udinga ukubika ngemali esetshenzisiwe |
| Izinhlobo eziningi zokwesekwa, okuhlanganisa ukubonisana, usizo lokukhokha inzalo ebhange nokunye | Ukusebenzisa kabi uxhaso kungaphansi kwesibopho sokuphatha noma sobugebengu. |
Amabhange
Uma kungenzeki ukuthola usizo kuhulumeni, ungafaka isicelo semalimboleko ebhange. Lesi sixazululo sifaneleka kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinzile eziye zahlala emakethe iminyaka eminingana. Okokuqala, ibhange kumele libe nesiqiniseko sokuthi imali izobuyiselwa emuva. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba nzima ngebhizinisi eliqalayo ukuthola inani elifanele.
Nokho, ukuboleka ibhizinisi ebhange kunezinzuzo zako. Lezi, njengomthetho, amanani enzalo aphansi, imali mboleko yesikhathi eside, ukubhaliswa kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhange amaningi anezinhlelo ezikhethekile abambisana kuzo nosomabhizinisi.
Naphezu kwezimo zokwethembeka, ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo semali mboleko yebhizinisi, hlola izingozi ezingaba khona. Bona ukuthi ungayithola yini futhi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani kungenzeki futhi yimaphi amathuba okuba kwenzeke icala elinjalo.
Usomabhizinisi osemncane kufanele asebenzise le ndlela yokuxhasa ngokuqapha. Ukuze uthole imali yokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi kusukela ekuqaleni, udinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zebhange elikhethiwe futhi ugcwalise yonke imibandela.
Njengomthetho, lokhu kuwukwenziwa okuphoqelekile kwenqubomgomo yomshuwalense, ukuhlinzekwa kwesibambiso noma i-guarantor, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kohlelo lwebhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinto efiselekayo ukudweba izinguqulo ezimbili zedokhumenti: egcwele futhi emfushane ngezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokutadisha ngokushesha ngabasebenzi basebhange. Kubalulekile ukuhlola umlando wakho wesikweletu futhi uvale ukubambezeleka okungenzeka.
Amathuba okugunyazwa kwesicelo azophinde ancike ekutheni usomabhizinisi uyidinga ngani imali. Imvamisa, lokhu kuwukwenyuka kwemali yokusebenza, ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza noma izinto zokusebenza, kanye nokuthengwa kwamalayisensi okusebenza.
Ikhredithi ivamise ukunqatshelwa kosomabhizinisi abangakwazi ukukhokhela okungenani ingxenye yezindleko zokuqala ibhizinisi bebodwa. Futhi, labo abanemali ebolekiwe nezinhlawulo ezisasele, noma izinhlangano okuthiwa azinamali noma ezinohlelo lwebhizinisi olungenzi nzuzo, maningi amathuba okuthi bathole ukwenqatshwa. Ukuthola imali yebhizinisi kusukela ekuqaleni kunzima. Kodwa kusengenzeka uma ongoti bebhange bebona ukuthi imigomo yebhizinisi iyathembisa.
Ukuze uthuthukise amathuba akho okugunyazwa, ungafuna usizo ezinhlanganweni ezizokufaka isicelo ebhange. Izimali ezinjalo zisebenza ezinhlakeni ezingu-82 ze-Federation. Isibonelo, i-Moscow Small Business Lending Assistance Fund, Isikhwama Sokusiza NgamaBhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi, iSt. Petersburg nabanye. Isiqinisekiso sinikezwa ngesisekelo esikhokhelwayo, ngokwesilinganiso, inani liyi-0,75% ngonyaka yenani lesiqinisekiso.
| Izinzuzo zokuboleka ibhizinisi ebhange | Ububi bokuboleka ibhizinisi ebhange |
| Amanani wenzalo ephansi | Ubungozi obukhulu bokungakhokhi imalimboleko uma ibhizinisi lehluleka |
| Ubulula bokubhalisa | Isidingo sohlelo lwebhizinisi |
| Imali mboleko yesikhathi eside | Kufanele uhambisane nezidingo zebhange futhi ugcwalise yonke imibandela |
| Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zebhizinisi kwamanye amabhange | Amathuba aphezulu okwehluleka, ikakhulukazi kwebhizinisi eliqalayo |
| Kulula ukuyithola kunoxhaso lukahulumeni | |
| Usizo oluvela ezinhlanganweni zezentengiselwano oluyisiqinisekiso ebhange lungenzeka |
Ozakwethu
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufuna umlingani webhizinisi, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi lo muntu uzoba umnikazi webhizinisi lakho. Kungcono uma umlingani edingeka ukuvula ibhizinisi elinengozi encane yokuphuka, isibonelo, isitolo noma inhlangano yokudla.
Inzuzo yobambiswano lwebhizinisi ukukhuphuka okuningi kwezimali zokuqala. Ukwengeza, uma imijovo eyengeziwe yezezimali idingeka, ozakwethu ngamunye bangathatha imali mboleko noma bakhiphe isiqinisekiso sozakwethu wesibili.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi noma yimuphi wabahlanganyeli anganquma ukushiya ibhizinisi futhi afune isabelo sabo. Unelungelo futhi lokudayisa ingxenye yakhe yebhizinisi komunye umuntu. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukwethembeka komuntu ozoba umlingani. Kuhle uma enguchwepheshe emkhakheni okhethiwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungamethemba.
Ngaphambi kokuthi wenze ubambiswano lube semthethweni, sungula uhlelo lwebhizinisi olufanele wonke umuntu. Yenza isivumelwano, lapho ulungisa khona yonke imibuzo mayelana nokuziphatha okuhlanganyelwe kwebhizinisi.
Uma kungekho muntu ofanelekayo engqondweni, zama ukumthola kwenye yezingosi ze-Internet ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ungakwazi ukwethula iphrojekthi yakho noma ibhizinisi elisebenzayo kakade futhi uthole ukutshalwa kwezimali okwengeziwe.
| Izinzuzo zokubambisana | Ububi bobambiswano |
| Ukwenyuka kwemali yokuqala | Ingozi yokuthi uzakwethu aphume ebhizinisini noma adayise isabelo |
| Amathuba okuthola imali mboleko emibili yebhizinisi | Udinga ukuthola umuntu ongamethemba ngokuphelele. |
| Akudingekile ukuthi ufune isiqiniseko sebhange, umlingani angaba nguye |
Abatshalizimali abazimele
Nakuba kufana nokubambiswano, lena yindlela ehluke kancane yokuxhasa ngemali. Ukuheha abatshalizimali abazimele kubandakanya ukuthola imali yokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza okuqondile komtshalizimali ekuqhubeni ibhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, le ndlela ifanele labo abahlela ukunikeza umkhiqizo oyingqayizivele emakethe noma ukuthola ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Inzuzo yendlela ingabizwa ngokuthi imali yokuqaliswa kombono ayidingi ukugcinwa. Futhi, akudingeki ukuthi ubeke engcupheni lapho ufaka isicelo sokubolekwa imali ebhange. Iphrojekthi ingenziwa ngemali yomtshali-zimali ongeke aphazamise ezinqubweni, kodwa alinde kuphela ukubuyiswa kwezinzuzo.
Kukhona nezingozi. Isibonelo, ngaphezu kwesikweletu, umtshali-zimali udinga ukunikeza ingxenye yenzuzo, okuvunyelwene ngayo kusengaphambili kwinkontileka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ngesikhathi esithile ibhizinisi kufanele liqedwe, umtshali-zimali uzothola imali kuqala. Kungase kwenzeke nokuthi usomabhizinisi ukweleta isamba esithile kubantu besithathu.
Ungakwazi futhi ukuthintana nosomabhizinisi asebevele basunguliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi batshala imali kumaphrojekthi abonakala enentshisekelo kubo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuveza hhayi nje umqondo, kodwa futhi izibalo ezihambisanayo ezizobonisa inzuzo yebhizinisi.
Kukhona nezimali zokutshala izimali. Lezi yizinhlangano umsebenzi wazo ukusekela ibhizinisi nokwenza inzuzo ngokutshalwa kwezimali. Basondela ngokucophelela ekukhetheni abantu abazotshalwa imali yebhizinisi kubo. Ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo enhlanganweni enjalo, udinga ukwenza uhlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane. Ungasesha abatshalizimali kumasayithi akhethekile.
| Izinzuzo zabatshalizimali abazimele | Ukungalungi kwabatshalizimali abazimele |
| Ungathola imali yokuthuthukisa ngaphandle kokubandakanya abantu abavela eceleni ekwenzeni ibhizinisi | Udinga ukuhlinzeka ngohlelo lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane ngezibalo futhi uvikele umbono wakho |
| Asikho isidingo sokulondoloza imali noma ukuya ebhange | Ingxenye yenzuzo kuyodingeka inikezwe umtshali-zimali |
| Amathuba aphezulu okuthola imali uma kunesiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali | Uma ibhizinisi lihluleka, okokuqala, udinga ukukhokha umtshali-zimali |
I-Kraudfanding
Ngokuvamile, le ndlela inyusa imali yokusiza abampofu. Ungathola futhi inani elidingekayo lebhizinisi, kodwa inqubo izothatha isikhathi eside.
Inzuzo enkulu ye-crowdfunding ukuthi abatshalizimali abambalwa bangakhangwa kuphrojekthi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kusomabhizinisi osemncane, lokhu kusho ithuba lokuqala ibhizinisi cishe engenazo izimali zakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhangisa izinsiza zakho emakethe futhi uhlole isidingo sazo sesikhathi esizayo.
Kukhona nezingozi. Kuyafaneleka ukusondela kule ndlela yokukhulisa imali ngokuqapha, ngoba uma umbono webhizinisi uhluleka, idumela lizolahleka futhi kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuqala ibhizinisi esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuze uthole imali nge-crowdfunding, udinga ukubhalisa endaweni ekhethekile ku-inthanethi, utshele ngephrojekthi yakho futhi unamathisele isethulo sevidiyo.
| Izinzuzo ze-crowdfunding | Ububi be-crowdfunding |
| Abatshalizimali bazokwaba imali yokuthuthukisa, kodwa ngeke babambe iqhaza ekwenzeni ibhizinisi | Abatshalizimali benza isinqumo esisekelwe ohlelweni lwebhizinisi olunemininingwane ngezibalo |
| Akudingekile ukuthi ulinde kuze kube yilapho inani elidingekayo seliqoqwe noma uthathe imali ebolekiwe ebhange | Iphesenti elithile lenzuzo kuzodingeka linikezwe abatshalizimali |
| Ngenxa yokuthi abatshalizimali abambalwa bangabamba iqhaza ngesikhathi esisodwa, inani lizoba likhulu | Uma ibhizinisi elisha lingahambi kahle, usazodinga ukukhokhela abatshalizimali |
| Ungaqala ibhizinisi elisha cishe ngokungenakho ukulingana | Kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuqoqa inani elidingekayo |
Isazi Amathiphu
Ochwepheshe banikeze izincomo zokuthi usomabhizinisi angathola kanjani inani elifanele lokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi futhi alenze libe nenzuzo ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Akufanele ufake isicelo sokubolekwa imali uma ibhizinisi lisatholakala ephepheni kuphela. Kungase kuvele ukuthi umqondo awusebenzi, futhi usomabhizinisi uhlala ekweleta imali enkulu. Kungcono ukuzama ukuthola usizo lwamahhala kulokhu.
- Inketho engcono kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala ukufuna usizo kuhulumeni. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka noma uxhaso lwenqatshiwe, khona-ke kufanelekile ukuzama ukuthola imali ebolekiwe evela ezikhwameni ezikhethekile zokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi.
- Ungathola ukubonisana kwamahhala esikhungweni seBhizinisi Lami, esitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda.
- Ngo-2022, izinkampani ze-IT zithole izindlela zokusekela ezengeziwe. Uma uzothuthuka kule ndawo, ungathola mayelana nazo zonke izinzuzo kuwebhusayithi ye-Federal Tax Service esigabeni esithi "Izinyathelo Zokusekela".
- Kunosizo lwamahhala oluvela kuhulumeni ngohlobo lwemixhaso, izibonelelo kanye neminye imiklamo. Ngokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe kwezimali kanye nemibhalo efanele, imali ngeke kudingeke ukuthi ibuyiswe.
Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lokhu noma leyo ndlela, kufanelekile ukuhlola izingozi ezingase zibe khona. Futhi unqume kusengaphambili ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ibhizinisi kufanele livalwe.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Sacela ochwepheshe, uchwepheshe webhizinisi ukuthi aphendule imibuzo evame kakhulu yabafundi UMaria Tatarintseva, inhloko ye-GK KPSS Abramova Alexandra kanye nommeli, umphakathi, usihlalo webhodi le-Moscow Bar Association "Andreev, Bodrov, Guzenko and Partners", usihlalo wesikhungo samazwe ngamazwe sokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zentsha "Generation of Law" U-Andrei Andreev.
Iyiphi indlela yokuthola imali yokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi okufanele usomabhizinisi ngamunye (IP) ayikhethe?
Ungafaka isicelo soxhaso kuhulumeni futhi uthole izimali ezihlosiwe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zenhlangano noma zesifunda - izibonelelo, izibonelelo. Uma imali “yamahhala” ingekho, kufanele ufake isicelo sokubolekwa imali okukhethekile namakhredithi, noma ukuqasha okukhethekile okuvela ezikhwameni zokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi. Imali ebolekiwe iyatholakala lapha ngo-1-5% ngonyaka, ephansi kakhulu kunamazinga emakethe emabhange.
U-Alexander Abramov uthe imali yebhizinisi ingatholakala kokubili emazingeni kahulumeni nawendawo. Isibonelo, ama-ruble angama-60 anikezwa labo abafuna "ukuzisebenzela" njengengxenye yohlelo "Usizo Losomabhizinisi Abasha". Usomabhizinisi ngamunye ofisa ukuthola le mali kufanele axhumane negatsha lendawo lenkonzo yokuqashwa. Izimali ezikhishiwe azibuyiswa, kodwa kuyodingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwemali yoxhaso ngokubhala.
Olunye uxhaso lwebhizinisi lungatholwa osomabhizinisi ngabanye abaye bavula futhi asebesebenze okungenani izinyanga eziyi-12, kuyilapho kudingekile ukuba ube umtshali-zimali ngokubambisana kuphrojekthi yabo futhi utshale okungenani u-20-30% wezindleko eziphelele. ekusetshenzisweni kwayo. Usomabhizinisi ngamunye akufanele abe nentela, isikweletu, impesheni nezinye izikweletu. Ukuze bathole uxhaso, osomabhizinisi ngabanye kufanele bathinte Isikhwama Sokuthuthukisa Amabhizinisi Amancane noma izinhlaka zongqongqoshe ezifanele zokuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nenqubomgomo yezimboni.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuphothula inkontileka yezenhlalakahle, okuyisivumelwano phakathi kweziphathimandla zezenhlalakahle kanye nesakhamuzi. Njengengxenye yezivumelwano, isikhungo sakha "imephu yomgwaqo" yomuntu ngamunye yezenzo zomuntu ofake isicelo sosizo, futhi uyazibophezela ukwenza izenzo ezishiwo esivumelwaneni. Isibonelo, vula ibhizinisi, thola umsebenzi, uqeqeshe kabusha. Inkontileka yezenhlalakahle iphetha ngesisekelo sohlelo lukahulumeni lwe-Federation "Social Support for Citizens".
U-Andrey Andreev ukholelwa ukuthi kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola imali yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, futhi ngamunye wabo unamandla nobuthakathaka bakhe. Okokuqala, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi kuzokwazi ukusebenzisa imali yakho. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi osomabhizinisi ngabanye, njengendlela yenhlangano, basetshenziswa izinkampani ezincane ezihlobene namabhizinisi amancane, kuyiqiniso impela ukukhuluma ngalokhu. Ukuhlanganisa okungenamibandela ukuzimela kanye nokuntuleka kwezibopho. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, usomabhizinisi ulahlekelwa yimali yakhe kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuqongelela inani elidingekayo, futhi ukuhlobana komkhiqizo/isevisi kuzonyamalala.
Yiziphi izinyathelo zokwesekwa kokuqala nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi?
U-Alexander Abramov uthe ukudonswa kwentela kosomabhizinisi kuyancishiswa, ikakhulukazi, imigomo yokukhokha ihlehliswa, kwethulwa ukumiswa kokuqothuka kanye nentela eyi-zero, intela yemali engenayo yomuntu siqu yezindleko iyancishiswa, nezinye izinyathelo ziyathathwa.
Ezimbonini ezithile, ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani ze-IT, inani lezinyathelo zokusekela sezinikeziwe. Isibonelo, ukumiswa kokucwaningwa kwamabhuku entela kuze kube umhla ka-03.03.2025/2022/2024 kanye nentela eyizero ngomhla ka-3-2022. Izinkampani ze-IT ezigunyazwe uMnyango Wezokuxhumana zizothola izindlela ezengeziwe zokwesekwa kombuso: imali ebolekiwe ekhethwayo ngo-XNUMX%, ikhefu lentela emalini engenayo yokukhangisa, ukuhoxiswa kwamasosha kubasebenzi namanye amabhonasi. Ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nalokhu lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi ye-Federal Tax Service Yezwe Lethu esigabeni "Izinyathelo Zokusekela - XNUMX"4.
Ngokusho kuka-Andrey Andreev, kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2022, inkundla yedijithali yombuso yama-SME ibilokhu ithuthuka, indawo eyodwa lapho kuqoqwa khona izindlela zokwesekwa kwebhizinisi, ikhono lokusesha amakhasimende nabahlinzeki, ukuqeqeshwa kwebhizinisi kuyatholakala, umsebenzi wokuhlola ama-counterparties nokunye. amathuba ayathuthukiswa.
NgoJanuwari 18, kwaphasiswa umthethosivivinywa esifundweni sokuqala, ovumela izinkampani ezinkulu zikahulumeni noma ezingaphansi kukahulumeni ingxenye ethile ukuba zithuthukise osonkontileka bazo abavela emikhakheni yamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Kulokhu, ngeke kusetshenziswe izindlela zokusekela ngezezimali kuphela, kodwa futhi namafomu omthetho kanye nezinqubo. Ngakho amafemu amancane azothola ulwazi lokubambisana namakhasimende amakhulu.
Ingabe lukhona usizo olungakhokhelwa lokuvula nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi kuhulumeni?
• izibonelelo ezivela ezikhwameni zokuxhasa ibhizinisi. Isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Novgorod kuneSikhwama Sokuthuthukiswa Komnotho we-Creative Economy;
• uxhaso lokuqala ibhizinisi eSikhungweni Sokuqashwa;
• uxhaso ezifundeni ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokusekela intsha noma amabhizinisi abesifazane;
• uxhaso lwezindawo ezithile zokusebenza, njengezolimo;
• inkontileka yomphakathi evela kunogada bezenhlalakahle ukuvula ibhizinisi lalabo abahola kancane.
U-Andrey Andreev waphawula ukuthi kunezibonelelo ezihlukahlukene zombuso kanye nezibonelelo zokuqalisa nokuthuthukisa ibhizinisi ngesisekelo esingenakuhlehliswa. Isibonelo, eMoscow manje kunezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwamaketanga okudla okusheshayo kusuka kuma-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-5, ukuze kusungulwe izimboni ezithatha indawo yokungenisa kwamanye amazwe - kufika kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-100, uxhaso lwesinxephezelo esifinyelela ku-95% wezindleko. ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bezinkampani kanye nosomabhizinisi ngabanye.
Imithombo ye
- 209-FZ http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144/
- Isihloko se-209-FZ esingu-14 sango-Ephreli 24.04.2007, 01.01.2022, njengoba sichitshiyelwe ngoJanuwari 52144, XNUMX http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_XNUMX/
- Ikhodi Yebhajethi Yenhlangano” kaJulayi 31.07.1998, 145 N 28.05.2022-FZ (njengoba ichitshiyelwe ngoMeyi 19702, XNUMX) http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_XNUMX/
- https://www.nalog.gov.ru/rn77/anticrisis2022/
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