Isibungu
Igama elithi "isikhunta" lijwayelekile komunye nomunye wethu, futhi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi le nto ibukeka kanjani. Kodwa akubona bonke ababecabanga ukuthi kuyini ngempela nokuthi kuvelaphi emakhaya ethu. Manje sizokhuluma ngalokho nje.
Isikhunta sibizwa ngokuthi isikhunta esincanyana esakha ukuhlasela okuphawulekayo phezu kwemizimba ephilayo, okubangela ukonakala kokudla.
Izwe lethu belilokhu laziwa ngekhwalithi yokudla, ngakho-ke iningi lethu namanje akukacaci - kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kufakwe imikhiqizo ekhuntile ekudleni? Kodwa isikhunta sibuye sihluke! Khumbula, ngokwesibonelo, ukutholwa okuphawulekayo njengepenicillin!
Isikhunta siqala ngokushesha ngemva kokufa kwesitshalo nesilwane. Isikhunta siqala ukwakha, bese kuba amagciwane. Isikhunta, njengomthetho, sivela lapho kunezimo ezivumayo kuso - izinhlamvu zesikhunta ziqala ukuhluma, futhi zanda ngokushesha kakhulu! Ukube besine-microscope eduze futhi ngisho nomkhiqizo okhuntile kancane (isibonelo, ushizi), khona-ke besiyobe sesabeka ngokubheka ukwanda okuningi - inani lezinhlamvu zesikhunta limane nje liyizigidigidi!
- umswakama ophezulu
- izinga lokushisa ekamelweni liyi-17 - 30 degrees Celsius.
Isikhunta asithandi ukuhlanzeka nomoya owomile kakhulu; akufanele ukhiphe umoya egumbini lapho lina, kubanda futhi kunomswakama ngaphandle. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhunta singaphinde sithinte ukudla okuqandisiwe, lokhu kwenzeka njalo, kodwa noma kunjalo - hlola kaningi. Ungagcini ukudla okuqandisiwe isikhathi eside - kungabi ngaphezu kwenyanga. Izinqubo zokubola nokuwohloka zenzeka kancane ngisho nasezingeni eliphansi lokushisa.
Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, isikhunta siwuhlobo olukhethekile lwesikhunta. Ngokokuqala ngqá emhlabeni, ososayensi basePoland benza izifundo ezikhethekile ezafakazela ukuthi isikhunta (isikhunta esingabonakali, kodwa ezinhlamvu zayo) sibangela isifo segazi esibi njenge-leukemia. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi amakinati ahlaselwe yisikhunta anobuthi obunamandla obungadala umdlavuza. Abahlali basemadolobheni bachitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwabo ezindaweni zokuhlala, futhi, njengomthetho, lezi zakhiwo zivaliwe (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto, ifulethi noma ihhovisi). Okusho ukuthi, siphefumula kuphela umoya osegumbini. Izingxenye zamaphaphu ziyakwazi ukuhlunga amagciwane amaningi kahle, kodwa izinhlamvu zesikhunta zinezimo zazo ezihlukile - zidlula umgudu wokuphefumula ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa, zizinze zijule emaphashini futhi zingene ngisho nasezicubu zamaphaphu ngokwazo. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi ezindaweni lapho abantu abahlukunyezwa yi-allergies kanye ne-asthmatics bahlala khona, isikhunta sasikhona ezimweni ezingu-80 kweziyi-100. Kukhona ngisho nezinhlobo zesikhunta ezinezinhlamvu ezingabangela i-diathesis ezinganeni, ukungezwani komzimba (okuyinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma zinganakekelwa. , ingaphenduka isifuba somoya). Ukuze uvikele ingane yakho ezintweni ezingezwani nazo, hlala umanzi uhlanzekile, gcina ukudla endlini kuhlanzekile, futhi uphakele ingane yakho ukudla okuphekwe ekhaya.
Isikhunta singavela noma kuphi, kodwa omama abaningi bemizi bahlangana naso esiqandisini sabo. Umbuzo uphakama ngokushesha: kanjani ukubhekana nemikhiqizo ekhuntile? Kaningi kunanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, isinkwa sihlushwa isikhunta. Uguliswa yile sikhunta kakade ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu ngemva kokuthenga. Amakhosikazi amaningi asekhaya, lapho ethole isimanga esinjalo esingajabulisi, avele anqamule indawo ehlaselwe isikhunta, futhi asebenzise sonke isinkwa ukudla. Akekho kithi owacabanga ukuthi le ndlela ayinabungozi kangakanani empilweni yethu kanye nempilo yomndeni wethu.
Ngenxa yocwaningo lwesayensi, sifunde ukuthi imikhiqizo kafulawa ethintekile isikhunta kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi, njengeyogathi, kufanele ilahlwe iyonke (njengoba inesakhiwo esinezimbotshana, futhi izinhlamvu zesikhunta azisakazeki phezulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemzimbeni. ukujula komkhiqizo wobisi noma umkhiqizo kafulawa).
Kukhona okuhlukile okuncane kulo mthetho - ushizi oqinile. Uma uthola ukuthi isikhunta senziwe kushizi onjalo, ungasika indawo ethintekile yomkhiqizo we-u2bu4b (XNUMX-XNUMX cm), futhi nangemva kwalokhu kukhohlisa, ungawudli ushizi osele (okungcono, ungasetshenziswa. ukwenza i-pizza).
Mhlawumbe, ngamunye wethu kwakudingeka abhekane nesikhunta ku-jam. Abanye omama bamakhaya bazisola ngokulahla umkhiqizo wabo abawuthandayo owenziwe ngezandla zabo, futhi bakhumbula nge-penicillin, noma ushizi ophakeme onesikhunta. Lesi sikhunta kuphela esingahlanganise lutho ne-penicillin, noma ushizi onuka kamnandi obizayo! Phela, isikhunta esisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni sikhule ngokukhethekile futhi silungiswa, futhi imikhiqizo yasekhaya enesikhunta iqukethe cishe ikhulu lezinto ezinobuthi kubantu. Izibunjwa zikashizi ezenziwe ekhaya nezihloniphekile zinamagama ahlukene futhi zinemiphumela ehlukene emzimbeni womuntu.
Uma kwenzeka isigameko esinjalo, akufanele usiphathe ngokunganaki. Yebo, ngeke ufe ngenxa yokwengezwa okungajabulisi kangako ekudleni kwakho, kodwa kusewushevu ongathi sína. Isibindi sizohlupheka kuqala, njenganoma yikuphi ukudla okunoshevu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi buyini. Kufanele uphuze ngokushesha amalahle acushiwe (ithebhulethi eyi-1 ngekhilogremu eyi-10 yesisindo somuntu), uma kudliwe umkhiqizo owonakele, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuphuza isisombululo se-potanganum permanganate ukuhlanza isisu. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi ahlanzekile, ungakwazi nge-lemon, itiye elibuthakathaka elifudumele, ukuze umzimba uhlanze ngokushesha. Ukuze uthole umshuwalense, ungathenga umuthi obuyisela amaseli esibindi.
Ungacabangi ukuthi isikhunta siyingozi futhi sibi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zesikhunta, ngakho-ke ake sizibheke.
isikhunta esihle
Ezweni Lethu, lesi sikhunta sibizwa ngokuthi i-grey rot, empeleni, izazi ze-microbiology zasinika igama elithi Botrytis cinerea (kuqala sibulala umzimba ngokwaso, bese sidla izicubu ezifile). Ezweni lethu, abantu bahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yalesi sikhunta, njengoba imikhiqizo eminingi edliwayo (amajikijolo, izithelo, imifino) iba yinto engasetshenziswa ngenxa yayo. Kodwa, ungase umangale, eJalimane, eFrance naseHungary, ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwesikhunta, izinhlobo zewayini ezidume kakhulu nezimnandi zikhiqizwa. Ngakho-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kulawa mazwe lesi sikhunta sibizwa ngokuthi "noble".
isikhunta esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uma isikhunta esihloniphekile sifundwe esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, khona-ke isikhunta esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka saziwa kusukela kudala. Lolu hlobo lwesikhunta luyingxenye ebalulekile yoshizi wemabula (Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Dor blue).
Isikhunta esimhlophe
Lolu hlobo lwesikhunta (i-Pinicillium camamberti kanye ne-caseicolum) luphinde lwengezwe kushizi ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwalo ukwengeza inothi eliyingqayizivele kuzici zokunambitheka. Ngosizo lwesikhunta esimhlophe, ushizi onephunga elimnandi onjengoCamembert noBrie uyazalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Camembert ibhekwa njengebaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Khumbula ukuthi ushizi wekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela onesikhunta esihle awunabungozi emzimbeni, uqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandela umkhondo. Kodwa ngisho nomkhiqizo onjalo wekhwalithi ephezulu awunconywa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane, futhi akufanele uyisebenzise kabi.