"Isizotha ubuhle besivivi", kubhala uJean-Paul Sartre. Ngokuzithoba, ngakho-ke sisho ukuthi, ukulinganisela, ukuzibamba ekwaziseni wena nezimfanelo zakho. Umuntu ogcwele ukuthobeka akakhulisi noma aphike amandla akhe nobuthakathaka bakhe: uhlala elungile. Ukuthobeka kuyinto enhle, kumonki ongumBuddha uMatthieu Ricard: lokho "Kulowo olinganisa konke okusele ukuthi akufunde kanye nendlela okusamele ayihambe". Ukufingqa, kwangaphandle nangaphezulu, isizotha siwukuhleleka komhlangano womphakathi, ngenkathi ngaphakathi nangokujulile, ukuthobeka kuveza iqiniso lomuntu uqobo.

“Umuntu othobekile akazikholelwa ukuthi ungaphansi kwabanye: uyekile ukuzikholelwa ukuthi ungcono kunabanye. Akazazi ukuthi ubaluleke kangakanani, noma angaba yini: uyenqaba ukwaneliseka ngakho ", kubhala u-André Comte-Sponville kweyakhe Isichazamazwi sefilosofi. Futhi-ke, ukuthobeka yisimo lapho umuntu engazibeki ngaphezu kwezinto nabanye, nakho, lapho, umuntu ezihlonipha izimfanelo anazo. Ngokuthobeka, umuntu ukwamukela ngokuphelele ukuba khona ngokuphelele. Ukuthobeka kuvela egameni lesiLatini humus, okusho umhlaba.

Igama elithi ukuthobeka yigama elisuselwa esiLatin imodi, ekhomba isilinganiso. Ukuthobeka kwehlukaniswa nesizotha samanga: empeleni, owokugcina, ngokwenza sengathi uthobekile, uvame ukuheha izincomo ezengeziwe. Isizotha siqukethe, empeleni, ekuboniseni ukuzibamba ekwaziseni wena kanye nezimfanelo zakho. Kungokuhleleka komhlangano womphakathi, kanti ukuthobeka kujule, kungaphakathi kakhulu.

Into enesizotha nokuthobeka ihlala i-ego. Ngakho-ke, uThomas Hume wabhala, ku-Dissertation yakhe ngezinkanuko: “Yize ziphikisana ngqo, ukuqhosha nokuzithoba kunento efanayo noma kunjalo. Le nto uqobo noma lokhu kulandelana kwemibono nokuvela okuxhunyaniswe komunye nomunye esinememori esondelene nokwazi.Isazi sefilosofi esiyiNgisi nokho sachaza ukuthi i-ego kungenzeka ibe yinto yabo, akusoze kwaba yimbangela yabo.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthobeka kuthathwa njengobuthakathaka. Kepha okuphambene nalokho, ukuziqhenya, kungukukhulisa ngokweqile i-ego, kuvimbela ngempumelelo noma iyiphi intuthuko yomuntu siqu. UMatthieu Ricard, indela yamaBuddhist yaseTibet, uyabhala: “Ukuthobeka kuyigugu elikhohliwe lomhlaba wanamuhla, inkundla yemidlalo yokubukwa. Omagazini abayeki ukunikeza izeluleko zokuthi "uzimele", "ukuphoqelela", "ukuba muhle", ukuvela uma kungenjalo. Lokhu kukhathazeka ngesithombe esihle okufanele sizinikeze sona ukuthi singabe sisazibuza umbuzo wokubukeka okungenasisekelo, kepha sesizibuza ukuthi sibukeka kanjani sihle ”.

Futhi-ke: ukuthobeka kuyinto enhle. Ngale ndlela, abathobekile bayakwazi ukukala yonke indlela esasele ukuthi ahambe ngayo, konke okusele ukuthi akufunde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathobekile, abangacabangi kakhulu ngokuziqhenya kwabo, bavuleleka kalula kwabanye. KuMathieu Ricard, osebenze kakhulu ekuzinikeleni, abathobekile "Ingabe bazi ngokukhethekile ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo zonke izidalwa". Basondele eqinisweni, eqinisweni labo elingaphakathi, ngaphandle kokunciphisa izimfanelo zabo, kepha ngaphandle kokuncoma noma ukukhombisa ukufaneleka kwabo. Umbhali uNeel Burton, "Abantu abathobekile beqiniso abaziphileli bona noma isithombe sabo, kodwa baphilela impilo uqobo, besesimweni sokuthula okumsulwa nenjabulo".

Isizotha siveza ukuzibamba, kokubukeka nokuziphatha, ukungafuni ukuziqhayisa, ukuheha ukunakwa. Ngabe, njengoba kusho uSartre, ubuhle besivivi? OkweNeel Burton, "Ukuthobeka ngukuthokozisa ama-egos ethu ukuze izinto zingabe zisasifinyelela, kanti ukuthozama ukuvikela ukuzazisa kwabanye, ukuze bangazizwa besesimweni sokungaphatheki kahle, besatshiswa, nokuthi" abazi nihlasele nathi ”.

UMaurice Bellet, eLa Force de vivre, ufuna ukuthi kunqotshwe uhlobo lokuba sivivi: ngakho-ke, ukuba phakathi kwabancane, "Ngijabule kakhulu ukungcwaba ithalente eliyingqayizivele". Kuyenzeka nakwabanye "Ukuxolisa ngokungaphumeleli kangako nangokukhalipha okuncane ngokuthobeka kobuKristu" : amanga, nge-psychoanalyst, okubi kakhulu ngoba usebenzisa ukholo. Futhi, wabhala uMaurice Bellet: "Ngizonyakazisa impilo yami exakekile, futhi ngizobheka ukuthi yini engasiza abanye ukuthi baphinde babone ukuthi bakhona."

USt. Augustine, isazi sefilosofi nesazi semfundiso yenkolo sekhulu lesi-XNUMX, wabhala ukuthi ukuthobeka kuyisisekelo sabo bonke ubuhle. Ngokufanayo, uNeel Burton waqinisekisa ukuthi, kunokuba kube nokuvimbela, ukuthobeka kuyisimo esisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaleyo ndlela kungahle kuthambekele ekuthambekeni komphakathi njengokuzithiba, ukubonga, ukuphana, ukubekezelelana, ukuthethelela ...

Ekugcineni, isizotha nokuthobeka kuphenduka ubuhle obaziwayo besayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo, isiyalo manje esikhuthazwa ngabaningi bezengqondo, futhi okuhlose ukukhulisa izinto ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni okuhle kwabantu nasempilweni enhle yengqondo. Ngalesi sizathu, ababhali ababili, uPeterson noSeligman, beka, ngomzamo wokuhlukanisa ngokwesayensi amandla nezimfanelo zabantu, lezo zokuthobeka nesizotha enhliziyweni yomqondo wokuthi "ukuzithiba". Kungaba ukuzilinganisela, ukuzibamba ngokuzithandela ...

Ukuthobeka, njengesizotha, yizo zombili izindlela zokonga ukuzithiba, ngandlela thile ... UMarc Farine ubhala komunye wemibhalo yakhe yamaqembu okufundisa aseLille, ukuze "Ukuphila, ngokugcwala kobuntu bethu, ukusungula, ngesizotha sezimo zethu nemisebenzi yethu, izindawo zokuhlala nezindlela ezintsha".