I-Meningeal syndrome iqoqo lezimpawu ezibonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-meninges (ama-membranes azungeze ubuchopho nomgogodla). Izimpawu zayo ezintathu eziyinhloko yikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlanza kanye nokuqina kwentamo. I-Meningal syndrome iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Incazelo ye-meningeal syndrome

Ama-mening yizendlalelo zokuvikela zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ziyi-trio yama-membrane alandelanayo amboza ubuchopho emgodini we-cranial kanye nentambo yomgogodla emgodini womgogodla (umgogodla).

Sikhuluma nge-meningeal syndrome ukukhomba isethi yezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuhlupheka kwama-meninges. Le syndrome ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngezimpawu ezintathu:

• ikhanda (ikhanda),
• oluhlanzayo
• ukuqina nobuhlungu bemisipha entanyeni.

Ezinye izimpawu zivame ukubonwa (bona ingxenye ethi “Izimpawu” kuleli shidi). Ngokungabaza okuncane, ukwelulekwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile. I-Meningeal syndrome idinga ukunakekelwa okuhlelekile nokuphuthumayo.

Izinkinga ze-meningeal syndrome

I-Meningeal syndrome izibonakalisa ku-meningitis (ukuvuvukala kwama-meninges) kanye nama-subarachnoid hemorrhages (ukuqhuma kwegazi kuma-meninges). Izimbangela zabo zihlukile.

Ezimweni eziningi, ukopha kwe-subarachnoid kungenxa yokuqhekeka noma ukuphuka kwe-aneurysm ye-intracranial (uhlobo lwe-hernia olwakha odongeni lwemithambo). I-Meningitis ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane. I-meningoencephalitis ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala lapho ukuvuvukala kuthinta i-meninges kanye nobuchopho obumboziwe.

Qaphela: Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokudideka phakathi kwe-meningeal syndrome ne-meningitis. I-Meningeal syndrome iqoqo lezimpawu ezingase zenzeke ku-meningitis. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-meningeal syndrome ingaba nezinye izimbangela kune-meningitis.

Abantu abathintekayo

I-Meningitis ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Nokho, ingozi iphezulu ku:

• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu;
• intsha kanye nabantu abadala abasha abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-24;
• abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, okuhlanganisa asebekhulile, abantu abanezinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona (umdlavuza, ingculaza, njll.), abantu abaxolelwe ekuguleni, labo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba.

I-Subarachnoid hemorrhage yisifo esihlala singavamile. Kodwa-ke, izehlakalo zayo zanda ngokukhula.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-meningeal syndrome

I-Meningeal syndrome iyisimo esiphuthumayo sokwelapha. Ubhekene nezimpawu zesici noma ngokungabaza okuncane, kuyadingeka ukuthintana nezinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo.

Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kungakhomba izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-meningeal syndrome. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuthola imbangela eyimbangela. Ukuhlolwa kwereferensi ukubhoboza i-lumbar okuhlanganisa ukuthatha uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal oluqukethwe kuma-meninges ukuze luhlaziywe. Ukuhlaziywa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-meningitis noma ukopha kwe-subarachnoid.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokubhoboza i-lumbar:

• izithombe zobuchopho;
• ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo;
• i-electroencephalogram.

izinhlungu zekhanda

I-Meningeal syndrome ibonakala ngezimpawu ezintathu eziyinhloko. Okokuqala ukubonakala kwekhanda elibuhlungu, elisakazekile futhi eliqhubekayo. Lokhu kubhebhetheka phakathi nokunyakaza okuthile, lapho kukhona umsindo (phonophobia) naphambi kokukhanya (photophobia).

oluhlanzayo

Uphawu lwesibili olujwayelekile lwe-meningeal syndrome ukwenzeka kwesicanucanu nokuhlanza.

Ukuqina kwemisipha

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqina kwemisipha kuyisibonakaliso sesithathu esijwayelekile se-meningeal syndrome. Kukhona ukufinyela kwemisipha yomgogodla (imisipha ejulile yesifunda somgogodla) ngokuvamile okubangela ukuqina kwentamo okuhambisana nobuhlungu obuphuma emhlane.

Ezinye izimpawu ezihambisanayo

Izimpawu ezintathu ezandulele ziyi-meningeal syndrome ejwayelekile kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, bangaziveza ngezindlela ezihlukile ngokuya ngecala. Akuvamile futhi ukuthi zihambisane nezinye izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• ukuqunjelwa;
• isimo somkhuhlane;
• ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
• ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo noma sokuphefumula.

Ukuphathwa kwe-meningeal syndrome kufanele kube okuhlelekile futhi ngokushesha. Kudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela esiphuthumayo futhi kuhlanganisa nokwelapha umsuka owumsuka. Ukwelashwa kwe-meningeal syndrome kungase kuhlanganise:

• ukwelashwa kwe-antibiotic ye-meningitis yebhaktheriya;
• ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral ye-meningoencephalitis ethile yemvelaphi yegciwane;
• ukuhlinzwa kwe-aneurysm.

Ukuvimbela i-meningeal syndrome kuhilela ukuvimbela ingozi ye-meningitis kanye ne-subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Mayelana ne-meningitis, ukuvimbela ubungozi bokutheleleka kusekelwe ku:

• ukugoma, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene ne-Haemophilus Influenzae uhlobo b;
• izinyathelo zenhlanzeko zokunciphisa ubungozi bokungcola.

Ngokuphathelene ne-subarachnoid hemorrhage, kunconywa ngokukhethekile ukulwa nezici ezingakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwe-aneurysm ye-intracranial. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukulwa nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-atheroma (idiphozi yamafutha odongeni lwemithambo yegazi) ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo ehlanganisa:

• ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela;
• ukuvivinya umzimba njalo.