marmalade

Imnandi, inhle futhi inempilo. Konke lokhu kungashiwo mayelana nokudla okuthandayo kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala - i-marmalade. Lobu bumnandi bungezinye zezinto ezimbalwa odokotela abancoma ukuthi zidliwe. Nokho, okulungile kuphela, okungukuthi, umkhiqizo wemvelo, ongaletha izinzuzo. Kuyini ukusetshenziswa kwayo, futhi yimuphi umonakalo ongawubangela kumuntu, sizoqonda ngokuningiliziwe.

Indaba ye

Kukholakala ukuthi indawo okwazalelwa kuyo i-marmalade yi-Asia Minor, lapho yalethwa khona abantu baseYurophu ngemva kweziMpi Zenkolo. Ngalezo zinsuku, ukuze kulondolozwe isivuno eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMpumalanga YeMedithera, isithelo esivuniwe sasibiliswa sibe yisimo esiminyene esifana nejeli.

Igama elithi "marmalade" ngesiFulentshi lisho ukuthi "quince marshmallow". AmaNgisi abiza leli gama ngokuthi ujamu owenziwe ngamawolintshi noma ezinye izithelo ezisawolintshi, kanti amaJalimane - noma yimuphi ujamu noma ujamu. ^[1]. E-Russia, leli phunga lithole igama elithi "fruit jelly".

Izinhlobonhlobo Zomkhiqizo

Kunezigaba eziningana ezisemthethweni ze-marmalade. Ngokwendlela yokubunjwa, imikhiqizo ebunjiwe, egqinsiwe futhi esikiwe iyahlukaniswa. Ngokuya ngenqubo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zeresiphi, i-marmalade ihlukaniswe yaba yi-inclusions, ecwebezelayo, ecwebezelisiwe, efafazwe (ushukela, i-cocoa powder, ama-flakes kakhukhunathi), egxiliwe, ene-inclusions, ecwebezelayo, ene-multi-layered.

I-Marmalade, kuye ngengxenye ye-gelling ngesisekelo eyenziwe ngayo, ihlukaniswe isithelo (ngokusekelwe ku-gelling factor yemvelo), i-jelly-fruit (ngokusekelwe engxenyeni yemvelo ehlanganisiwe ye-gelling kanye ne-ejenti ye-gelling) kanye ne-jelly noma i-chewy (esekelwe. ku-ejenti ye-gelling). I-agar-agar, i-pectin noma i-gelatin ingasebenza njenge-gelling factor.

I-gummy marmalade

Uhlobo lokuhlafuna lobumnandi ezweni lakithi luvele muva nje, ngeminyaka yama-90s. ^[2]. Ngokushesha yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwezingane kanye nabantu abadala, njengoba inezinzuzo eziningi kunezinye izinhlobo ze-marmalade. Eyokuqala yazo ukuthi ayincibiliki futhi ayinamatheli ezandleni, ngakho-ke ilungele isidlo esimnandi. Inzuzo yesibili yokuhlafuna (i-jelly) i-marmalade okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephansi, kanti okwesithathu "impilo ende". Kunezinhlobo eziningi zalokhu kudla okuhlafunwayo namuhla. Lo mbono usetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngisho nabakhiqizi be-vitamin kanye ne-mineral complexes ezinganeni.

Ekukhiqizeni amaswidi e-jelly, ngaphezu kwezithako zezithelo, i-gelatin, i-pectin, i-molasses kanye nengxube ye-wax-fat isetshenziswa. Lezi zingxenye zinikeza i-marmalade indawo ecwebezelayo kanye nokunwebeka. I-wax ivimbela ukunamathela kwezibalo ngazinye, ihlanza amazinyo kanye ne-mucosa yomlomo kahle, futhi iwabulale amagciwane. Ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlafuna ushingamu.

Ukwakheka komkhiqizo

I-Marmalade iqukethe izithako eziningi ezahlukene. ^[3]:

• i-ejenti ye-gelling: i-agar-agar (0,8-1%), i-gelatin, i-pectin (1-1,5%), i-carrageenan, i-agaroid, i-furcellaran noma abanye) ^[4];
• ushukela (50-60%), molasses (20-25%), ushukela-molasses isiraphu, fructose;
• izithelo kanye/noma imifino yemifino noma ama-purees;
• izithasiselo zokudla (ama-acidifiers, flavour, stabilizers, emulsifiers, odayi) ^[5].

Ngenxa yalezi zingxenye, i-marmalade iqukethe amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kanye nezinto: ama-carbohydrate, ama-organic acid, amaminerali (i-calcium, insimbi, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-sodium), amavithamini (i-ascorbic ne-nicotinic acid, amavithamini B).

izithelo pectin

I-Pectin iyi-polysaccharide, okungukuthi, i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi eyingxenye ye-fiber yezitshalo encibilika emanzini. Inempahla yokuqinisa uketshezi, iphenduke ijeli endaweni yasemanzini. Ngakho, i-pectin igcina umswakama, futhi nayo nezinye izinto ezincibilika emanzini. I-Pectin iyisisekelo (isisekelo) se-marmalade yekhwalithi ephezulu.

Ijeli

I-agar-agar iyi-ejenti ye-gelling ehlukanisiwe nolwelwe olunsundu nolubomvu. Inamandla okukhangisa amanzi, ikhuphuka kakhulu ngevolumu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-agar ayinawo amafutha, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo ye-confectionery esekelwe kuyo ingadliwa ngisho nalabo abadla ukudla. ^[6].

I-Gelatin

I-Gelatin isetshenziswa njengengxenye ethandwayo futhi engabizi ekwenzeni i-marmalade. I-Gelatin iyi-ejenti ye-gelling yemvelaphi yezilwane. Yenziwe ngezicubu ezixhumeneyo (uqwanga, imigqa, imisipha) kanye nesikhumba sezilwane ezihlatshwayo. I-Gelatin iqukethe ama-carbohydrates nama-amino acids, ngakho inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu kunamanye ama-gelling agents. ^[7].

Izithako Zokudla

I-marmalade yemvelo ekubunjweni kwayo ayinazo izithasiselo zokudla - noma ama-flavour noma odayi. Umbala nephunga lomkhiqizo kungenxa yesithelo sawo semvelo noma ukwakheka kwamaberry. I-marmalade "Yokwenziwa" iqukethe amakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwe-E-additives - izinza, ama-emulsifiers, ama-preservatives, ama-antioxidants, amadayi, ama-flavour. Umbala ogqamile, iphunga elimnandi kanye nempilo ende yeshalofu yizimpawu zokuqala zokuthi i-marmalade "yenziwe". Uma "E" eningi emkhiqizweni, inzuzo encane iletha emzimbeni.

I-Marmalade ingumkhiqizo we-confectionery onekhalori ephezulu. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori kuncike enanini likashukela kanye nohlobo lwengxenye ye-gelling ekubunjweni kwayo futhi ingahluka kakhulu - kusuka ku-275 kuya ku-360 kcal nge-100 g. ^[8].

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-marmalade ingumkhiqizo owusizo, kufanele uzijwayeze nezici zokwenziwa kwayo. Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza amaswidi emvelo incike kuhlobo lwayo kanye neresiphi. ^[9]. Uhlelo lobuchwepheshe olwenziwe lula lokwenziwa kwesithelo noma ubumnandi bejeli yezithelo lungamelwa njengezigaba ezimbalwa ezilandelanayo:

1. Ukulungiswa izithelo kanye berry izinto zokusetshenziswa.
2. Ukucwiliswa kwezakhi ze-gelling.
3. Ukulungiswa kwesisekelo esimnandi (kusuka kushukela, i-fructose, i-molasses nabanye ushukela).
4. Ukubilisa isisindo sesithelo (iberry) ngesakhi esicwilisiwe sokwenza i-jelly kanye nesisekelo sikashukela.
5. Ukupholisa i-jelly mass futhi uyithululele ezikhunjini.
6. Ukomisa, ukusika, ukufafaza imikhiqizo.
7. Ukupakisha nokupakishwa kwemikhiqizo ^[10].

I-marmalade yokuhlafuna ilungiswa ngokobuchwepheshe obushintshiwe kancane. Umkhiqizo we-jelly uthululelwa ekubunjweni okumise okugcwele isitashi sombila. Ngemuva kokuthululela i-marmalade ibe yisikhunta, ipholile usuku olulodwa, bese isuswa ekubunjweni futhi ikhishwe. Ngemuva kokuhlanza kusuka ku-starch, imikhiqizo ecatshangelwayo ithunyelwa ku-drum, lapho iphathwa khona ngamafutha emvelo ukuze ikhanyise.

Inqubo yokwenza i-marmalade "yokwenziwa" ihluke kancane kubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokwenza amaswidi emikhiqizweni yemvelo, ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuqala. Izithelo zemvelo namajikijolo kumkhiqizo onjalo athathelwa indawo yizithako zokudla okunomsoco.

Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

I-marmalade yemvelo kuphela engabonisa izakhiwo ezizuzisayo emzimbeni womuntu. Izingxenye zayo zemvelo zithinta umzimba ngamunye, futhi zenza izenzo zomunye nomunye.

I-marmalade yekhwalithi ephezulu evela kuzithako zemvelo:

• ivuselela ukuhamba kwamathumbu, okukhulula ukuqunjelwa;
• imunca ubuthi, ama-radionuclides, usawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo, amafutha futhi iwakhiphe emzimbeni ^[6];
• kuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol, kuvimbele ukukhula kwe-atherosclerosis;
• ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibindi nama-pancreas;
• ibuyisela ukwakheka kwesikhumba, izinwele, izinzipho ^[7];
• igcwalisa umzimba ngamavithamini PP no-C;
• kunciphisa isifiso sokudla, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa ukudla okulula;
• kuthuthukisa umsebenzi wobuchopho;
• inomphumela omncane we-antidepressant;
• ikhulula izimpawu ze-hangover encane.

Uma i-marmalade ilungiswa ngesisekelo se-agar-agar, ingasebenza futhi njengomthombo we-iodine emzimbeni, futhi uma isekelwe ku-fructose esikhundleni sikashukela, ingaba umkhiqizo wesifo sikashukela. ^[11]. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-marmalade yemvelo yekhwalithi ephezulu ngamanani alinganiselwe kusiza ekuthululeni amathumbu, futhi kuphinde kujwayeze imetabolism emzimbeni.

Ngenani elilinganiselwe, i-marmalade yemvelo ingafakwa ngisho ekudleni kwabantu ekudleni (ngaphandle kwe-carbohydrate engenawo). Kuhle kakhulu ukuyisebenzisela ukudla okulula lapho umuzwa wendlala ungabekezeleleki. Lapho usebenzisa i-marmalade ngesikhathi sokudla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi inani eliphakeme lezinto ezinhle ezingadliwa phakathi nosuku akufanele lidlule ama-50 g.

Okungenzeka kube yingozi

Naphezu kobubanzi bezakhiwo eziwusizo, i-marmalade isengaba yingozi. Okokuqala, iphathelene nenani likashukela elikuyo. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-carbohydrate e-marmalade akulungile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ngokuvamile futhi ngobuningi obukhulu akukwazi ukudliwa ngisho nabantu abanempilo kanye nezingane: i-glucose ibhubhisa uqweqwe lwamazinyo futhi ikhulise umthwalo kuma-pancreas.

Isimo sihlukile nge-marmalade "yokwenziwa". Iqukethe izithasiselo zokudla eziyingozi kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, abantu abangezwani nokudla kanye ne-asthmatics. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi lokhu noma lokho okungeziwe kuthinta kanjani umzimba, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenqaba ukwelashwa "okwenziwa". Izithasiselo zokudla zamakhemikhali ezingangezwa ku-marmalade zithinta umzimba womuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene. ^[5]:

• bangela ukusabela kwe-hyperergic (ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlasela kwe-asthma);
• kubangela ukwephulwa kwenqubo yokugaya (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubunzima besisu, isifo sohudo);
• ukuchama kubi;
• phazamisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo;
• qinisa umsebenzi wobuchopho;
• nomthelela ekuguqukeni kwamangqamuzana amagciwane;
• abe nomphumela we-carcinogenic.

Ukuze ungalimazi ekuphatheni okumnandi, kufanele uqaphele lapho uthenga lo mkhiqizo. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukwenza i-marmalade yemvelo ngokwakho.

Indlela ukukhetha

Lapho ukhetha i-marmalade esitolo, udinga ukunaka isimo sokupakisha, ilebula nokubukeka kwemikhiqizo. ^[12]. Kungcono ukukhetha i-marmalade emaphaketheni asobala ngamunye: kulula ukujwayela ukwakheka komkhiqizo, umenzi, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi uhlole nokubukeka kwawo. Iphakheji kufanele ihlanzeke, iqine, ivalwe.

Iphakethe kufanele libe nelebula elinolwazi olugcwele ngomkhiqizo (ukwakheka, izimo nempilo yeshelufu) kanye nomkhiqizi wawo.

Kuyadingeka futhi ukunaka ezinye izici ze-organoleptic ze-delicacy:

1. Ifomu. Imikhiqizo kufanele ibe yisimo esifanayo, ngaphandle kwemikhondo ye-caking, deformation noma ukuncibilika. Ekubukweni kwezendlalelo eziningi, zonke izendlalelo kufanele zibonakale ngokucacile.
2. Umbala. Kungcono ukuthenga umkhiqizo onemibala ephakathi noma ngisho nombala ophaphathekile.
3. Ubuso. Ukubonakala kobuso bomkhiqizo kumele kuhambisane nokubukeka kwabo. Uma kungama-gummies, ubuso kufanele bucwebezele. Uma lokhu kuwumkhiqizo onokufafaza, ukufafaza kufanele kunamathele ebusweni bawo.
4. Ukuvumelana. Uma ukupakishwa kuvumela, ungathinta i-marmalade ngayo: kufanele ibe mnene, kodwa i-elastic, ngemva kokuyicindezela kufanele ibuyisele ukuma kwayo.

Kufanele futhi unake izimo zokugcina amaswidi. Izinga lokushisa layo lokulondoloza akufanele lidlule i-18 ° C, futhi umswakama ohlobene nomoya akufanele udlule u-80%. Amabhokisi e-marmalade akufanele abekwe elangeni eliqondile. Akuvunyelwe ukubeka ukwelapha eduze nokudla okumanzi noma okunephunga elinamandla (inhlanzi, izinongo).

Ngaphambi kokuthenga, udinga ukuhlola izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. I-Marmalade egqinsiwe futhi eyenziwe ngesisekelo se-pectin ne-agar-agar igcinwa isikhathi esingekho ngaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-3. Uma i-marmalade iqukethe i-agaroid ne-furcellaran, impilo yayo yeshalofu ayidluli izinyanga eziyi-1,5. Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwezimo zokugcina, impilo yeshalofu iyancipha kakhulu.

Ukupheka kanjani

Ukwenza ubumnandi bube busha futhi bunempilo, ungazipheka wena ekhaya. Akunzima ukuyipheka, kuyilapho umama wekhaya ngamunye angenza izinguquko kunoma iyiphi iresiphi ekunambithekeni kwakhe.

i-lemon marmalade

Ukuyilungiselela, uzodinga amanzi (2 l), ama-lemons angu-4 noshukela (4 izinkomishi). Ulamula kufanele usikwe ube yizicucu bese ukhipha imbewu kuwo. Kulokhu, imbewu idinga ukugoqwa nge-gauze: izofika kahle. I-lemon ibekwe epanini, embozwe ushukela, imbewu ifakwe ku-gauze futhi ithululwe ngamanzi. Yiyeke usuku lonke ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ngemva kosuku, i-pan ifakwa emlilweni futhi ibilisiwe ngemva kokubilisa phezu kokushisa okuphansi imizuzu engu-50. Igwebu elivela phezulu kufanele lisuswe njalo. I-Marmalade ibhekwa njengelungile lapho iconsi lengxube liqina epuleti elibandayo. Thela esikhunjeni, epholile.

ukwelapha okusajingijolo

Kule marmalade, sithatha i-1,5 kg kashukela nama-raspberries. Gcoba isipuni se-gelatin emanzini. Ama-raspberries kufanele aqale abulawe nge-blender futhi ahlikihlwe ngesihlungo esihle ukuze kukhishwe imbewu. I-raspberry puree idluliselwa epanini, i-gelatin yengezwa, ilethwe ngamathumba, bese ihlanganiswa noshukela futhi ibilisiwe, ivuselela njalo, kuze kube yilapho iqina. Umkhiqizo ophelile uthululelwa esitsheni. Ngemva kokupholisa, sika futhi ufafaze ushukela oluyimpuphu.

Namuhla, i-marmalade ithengiswa kuzo zonke izitolo zamakhekhe. Uma uyithenga, kufanele unikeze okuthandayo hhayi ngentengo noma ukubukeka okukhanyayo, kodwa kunguqulo yemvelo yomkhiqizo. Lokhu kudla okunempilo nokumnandi kulula ukwenza ekhaya. Khona-ke kuzoqinisekiswa ngokwemvelo. Thenga noma upheke - kukuwe ukuthi unqume. Into esemqoka ukungasebenzisi kabi ubuningi bayo: esikhundleni senzuzo, i-marmalade ingaba yingozi.

Imithombo ye