I-Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji)
- Isigaba: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu: I-Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Ikilasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Isigaba esingaphansi: I-Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- I-oda: I-Agaricales (i-Agaric noma i-Lamellar)
- Umndeni: Lyophyllaceae (Lyophyllic)
- Uhlobo: Lyophyllum (Lyophyllum)
- Uhlobo: I-Lyophyllum shimeji (Liophyllum simedzi)
:
- I-Tricholoma shimeji
- I-Lyophyllum shimeji
Kuze kube muva nje, bekukholelwa ukuthi i-Lyophyllum shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) isakazwa kuphela endaweni elinganiselwe ehlanganisa amahlathi kaphayini aseJapane nezingxenye zeMpumalanga Ekude. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakukhona uhlobo oluhlukile, i-Lyophyllum fumosum (L. grey smoky), ehlotshaniswa namahlathi, ikakhulukazi ama-conifers, eminye imithombo yaze yachaza njenge-mycorrhiza yangaphambili enophayini noma ngespruce, ngaphandle efana kakhulu ne-L.decastes kanye ne-L .shimeji. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lweleveli yamangqamuzana lubonise ukuthi alukho uhlobo olunjalo olulodwa olukhona, futhi konke okutholiwe okuhlukaniswa njenge-L.fumosum kuyizibonelo ze-L.decastes (ezivame kakhulu) noma i-L.shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) (engavamile kakhulu, emahlathini kaphayini). Ngakho-ke, kusukela namuhla (2018), uhlobo lwe-L.fumosum luqediwe, futhi lubhekwa njengelifana ne-L.decastes, enweba kakhulu izindawo zokuhlala zamuva, cishe "noma yikuphi". Nokho, i-L.shimeji, njengoba kwavela, ayikhuli kuphela eJapane naseMpumalanga Ekude, kodwa isakazwa kabanzi kuyo yonke indawo ye-boreal kusuka eScandinavia kuya eJapane, futhi, kwezinye izindawo, itholakala emahlathini kaphayini wendawo enesimo sezulu esishisayo. . Ihluke ku-L. decastes kuphela emizimbeni emikhulu yezithelo enemilenze emikhulu, ukukhula ngamaqoqo amancane noma ngokuhlukana, okunamathiselwe emahlathini omile kaphayini, futhi, kahle, ezingeni lamangqamuzana.
Isigqoko: 4 - 7 amasentimitha. Ebusheni, i-convex, enenqenqema egoqiwe. Ngokukhula, iyaphuma, iba yi-convex kancane noma icishe igobe, maphakathi nekepisi cishe kuhlale kubizwa i-tubercle ephansi ebanzi. Isikhumba se-cap simatte kancane, sibushelelezi. Uhlelo lombala lungamathoni ampunga nansundu, ukusuka kokumpunga ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumpunga okungcolile, angase athole imithunzi empunga ephuzi. Ku-cap, amabala amnyama e-hygrophan kanye nemigqa ye-radial ngokuvamile ibonakala ngokucacile, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nephethini encane ye-hygrophobic ngendlela "ye-mesh".
Amapuleti: njalo, amancane. Okuxekethile noma okukhule kancane. Okumhlophe kuma-specimens amancane, kamuva kube mnyama kuya ku-beige noma okumpunga.
Umlenze: 3 - 5 amasentimitha ukuphakama futhi kufika kusentimitha elilodwa nesigamu ububanzi, i-cylindrical. Okumhlophe noma okumpunga. Ingaphezulu libushelelezi, lingase libe silky noma libe ne-fibrous lapho uthintwa. Ekukhuleni okwakhiwa amakhowe, imilenze inamathele ngokuqinile komunye nomunye.
Indandatho, iveli, iVolvo: ayikho.
I-Pulp: iminyene, imhlophe, impunga kancane esiqwini, nokunwebeka. Ayishintshi umbala ekusikeni nasekuphumuleni.
Ukuhogela nokunambitha: ukunambitheka okumnandi, okunama-nutty kancane.
I-spore powder: emhlophe.
Ama-Spores: ayindilinga kuya ku-ellipsoid ebanzi. Ubushelelezi, obungenambala, i-hyaline noma okuqukethwe kwe-intracellular okusanhlamvu, i-amyloid kancane. Ngokusabalala okukhulu ngosayizi, 5.2 – 7.4 x 5.0 – 6.5 µm.
Ikhula emhlabathini, udoti, ikhetha amahlathi omile kaphayini.
I-fruiting esebenzayo yenziwa ngo-Agasti-Septemba.
I-Lyophyllum shimeji ikhula ngamaqoqo amancane namaqembu, ngokuvamile kancane iyodwa.
Kusatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Eurasia kusukela eziqhingini zaseJapane kuya eScandinavia.
Ikhowe liyadliwa. EJapane, i-Lyophyllum shimeji, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Hon-shimeji lapho, ibhekwa njengekhowe elimnandi.
I-Lyophyllum crowded (Lyophyllum decastes) nayo ikhula ngamaqoqo, kodwa lawa maqoqo aqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lemizimba ethela izithelo. Incamela amahlathi aluhlaza. Isikhathi sokuthela sisuka ngoJulayi kuya kuMfumfu.
I-Elm lyophyllum (ikhowe le-oyster i-Elm, i-Hypsizygus ulmarius) nayo ibhekwa njengefana kakhulu ngokubukeka ngenxa yokuba khona kwamachashaza ayindilinga e-hygrophan kukepisi. Amakhowe e-oyster anemizimba ethela izithelo enesiqu eside futhi umbala wekepisi ngokuvamile ulula kunalowo weLyophyllum shimeji. Kodwa-ke, lo mehluko wangaphandle awubalulekile kangako, uma unaka imvelo. Ikhowe le-oyster alikhuli emhlabathini, likhula kuphela okhunini olufile lwezihlahla ezivuthulukayo: eziqwini nasezinsalela zokhuni ezicwiliswe emhlabathini.
Igama lezinhlobo ze-Shimeji livela egameni lezinhlobo zaseJapane elithi Hon-shimeji noma i-Hon-shimejitake. Kodwa eqinisweni, eJapane, ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Simeji", ungathola ukudayiswa hhayi kuphela i-Lyophyllum shimeji, kodwa futhi, isibonelo, enye i-lyophyllum etshalwe lapho, i-elm.
Isithombe: Vyacheslav