I-occipital lobe (i-lobe - kusukela ku-Greek lobos, i-occipital - kusukela ku-Latin occipitalis yasendulo, kusukela ku-occiput) ingenye yezifunda zobuchopho, ezitholakala eceleni nangemuva kobuchopho.

Isikhundla. I-occipital lobe itholakala ezingeni lethambo le-occipital, engxenyeni engemuva nangaphansi yobuchopho. Ihlukaniswa namanye ama-lobe ngama-grooves ahlukene:

• I-occipito-temporal sulcus iyihlukanisa nelobe yesikhashana etholakala ngaphambili.
• I-parieto-occipital groove iyihlukanisa ne-parietal lobe etholakala ngenhla nangaphambili.
• I-calcarin groove itholakala ngaphansi kwe-occipital lobe.

Isakhiwo esiyinhloko. I-occipital lobe ingenye yezifunda zobuchopho. Lesi sakamuva yingxenye yobuchopho ethuthuke kakhulu futhi ithatha ingxenye enkulu yabo. Yakhiwe ngama-neurons, amangqamuzana awo atholakala endaweni ezungezile futhi akha udaba olumpunga. Le ndawo yangaphandle ibizwa ngokuthi i-cortex. Izandiso zale mizimba, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-nerve fibers, zitholakala phakathi nendawo futhi zakha udaba olumhlophe. Le ndawo yangaphakathi ibizwa ngokuthi isifunda se-medullary (1) (2). Imisele eminingi, noma imifantu lapho ijulile, ihlukanisa izindawo ezihlukene ngaphakathi kobuchopho. I-longitudinal fissure yobuchopho ivumela ukuthi ihlukaniswe ibe ama-hemispheres amabili, kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Lawa ma-hemispheres axhunywe komunye nomunye ngama-commissures, okuyinhloko yawo i-corpus callosum. I-hemisphere ngayinye ibe isihlukaniswa, ngokusebenzisa i-sulcus eyinhloko, ibe amalobe amane: i-frontal lobe, i-parietal lobe, i-temporal lobe kanye ne-occipital lobe (2) (3).

Isakhiwo se-lobe occipital. I-occipital lobe inemigodi yesibili nephezulu, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwakha ama-convolutions abizwa ngokuthi i-gyri.

I-cerebral cortex ihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yengqondo, ye-sensitivomotor, kanye nomsuka nokulawulwa kokuncipha kwemisipha yamathambo. Le misebenzi ehlukene isatshalaliswa kuma-lobes ahlukene obuchopho (1).

Umsebenzi we-occipital lobe. I-occipital lobe empeleni inemisebenzi ye-somatosensory. Ihlanganisa isikhungo sombono (2) (3).

Ngokwemvelaphi ewohlokayo, ye-vascular noma yesimila, ama-pathologies athile angathuthuka ku-occipital lobe futhi athinte isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi.

Isibungu. Ingozi ye-Cerebrovascular, noma unhlangothi, kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi uvalekile ebuchosheni, njengamahlule egazi noma umkhumbi ophukile (4). Le pathology ingathinta imisebenzi ye-occipital lobe.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwekhanda. Ihambisana nokushaqeka ezingeni logebhezi olungabangela ukulimala kwengqondo, ikakhulukazi ezingeni le-occipital lobe. (5)

I-Multiple sclerosis. Le pathology yisifo esizimele sohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-myelin, i-sheath ezungeze izintambo zezinzwa, okubangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala. (6)

I-tumor ye-occipital lobe. Izimila eziyingozi noma ezimbi zingakhula ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi ku-lobe ye-occipital. (7)

I-Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Ama-pathologies athile angaholela ekushintsheni kwezicubu zezinzwa ebuchosheni.

• Isifo i-Alzheimer's. Kuphumela ekuguqulweni kwamakhono okuqonda ikakhulukazi ukulahleka kwememori noma ukucabanga. (8)
• Isifo se-Parkinson. Kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthumela lapho uphumule, ukwehlisa ijubane nokwehla ebangeni lokunyakaza. (9)

Imithi yokwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zibekwe njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-Thrombolyse. Kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokushaywa, lokhu kwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuphula i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (4)

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ngokuya ngesiteji sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kusungulwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, i-cerebral kanye nomgogodla we-CT scan noma i-cerebral MRI ingenziwa ikakhulukazi.

i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula lamaseli.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela ukuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid ihlaziywe.

U-Louis Pierre Gratiolet, isazi se-anatomist esingumFulentshi sekhulu le-19, ungomunye wabokuqala abethula isimiso sokuhlukaniswa kwe-cortex ibe ama-lobes.