I-loach evamile, naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okungavamile, ingeye-oda lama-cyprinids nomndeni omkhulu wama-loaches, anezinhlobo ezingu-117. Izinhlobo eziningi zihlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Afrika. I-loach evamile ihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-Eurasia endaweni yaseNyakatho neBaltic Seas. Inhlanzi inomzimba omude ombozwe amazenga amancane. Ngokuvamile ubude bezinhlanzi bungaphezu kuka-20 cm, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-loaches akhula aze afike ku-35 cm. Umbala ngemuva unsundu, onsundu, isisu simhlophe-saphuzi. Kusukela ezinhlangothini kuwo wonke umzimba kunomugqa obanzi oqhubekayo, owumngcele onemigqa emincane emibili, ongezansi ugcina ku-fin anal. I-caudal fin iyindilinga, wonke amaphiko anamabala amnyama. Umlomo ungaphansi, uyindilinga, kukhona izimpondo eziyishumi ekhanda: 10 emhlathini ongenhla, 4 ngaphansi, 4 emakhoneni omlomo.
Igama elithi "loach" livame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. ESiberia, isibonelo, ama-loaches abizwa ngokuthi ama-loaches, kanye ne-mustachioed noma i-char evamile (akufanele ididaniswe nezinhlanzi zomndeni we-salmon), nazo eziyingxenye yomndeni we-loach, kodwa ngaphandle zihluke kakhulu. I-char yaseSiberia, njenge-subspecies ye-char evamile, ithatha indawo esuka e-Urals kuya eSakhalin, ubukhulu bayo bukhawulelwe ku-16-18 cm.
Ama-Loaches avame ukuhlala kumadamu agelezayo aphansi anedaka namaxhaphozi. Ezimweni eziningi, izimo zokuphila ezikhululekile ezifana namanzi ahlanzekile, agelezayo, anomoya-mpilo abalulekile nakakhulu kuye kune-crucian carp. Ama-Loaches akwazi ukuphefumula hhayi kuphela ngosizo lwama-gill, kodwa futhi ngesikhumba, nangesistimu yokugaya ukudla, ukugwinya umoya ngomlomo wabo. Isici esithakazelisayo sama-loaches yikhono lokuphendula izinguquko ekucindezelweni komkhathi. Lapho zehlisa, izinhlanzi ziziphatha ngokungaphumuli, zivame ukuvela, ziphefumulela phezulu. Uma i-reservoir yoma, ama-loachi abhoboza ku-silt bese elala.
Abanye abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi ama- loach, njengama-eels, ayakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni ngezinsuku zemvula noma phakathi namazolo asekuseni. Kunoma yikuphi, lezi zinhlanzi zingaba ngaphandle kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ukudla okuyinhloko yizilwane ze-benthic, kodwa futhi zidla ukudla kwezitshalo kanye ne-detritus. Alinayo inzuzo yezohwebo nezomnotho; abadobi bawusebenzisa njengesiyengo lapho bebamba izilwane ezidla ezinye, ikakhulukazi ama-eels. Inyama ye-loach imnandi impela futhi iyadliwa. Kwezinye izimo, isilwane esiyingozi, ama-loaches abhubhisa amaqanda ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kuyilapho edla kakhulu.
Izindlela zokudoba
Izicupho ezihlukahlukene ze-wicker ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukubamba ama-loaches. Ekudobeni kwe-amateur, igiya elilula lokuntanta nephansi, kufaka phakathi "ingxenye engezansi", isetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukudoba okujabulisa kakhulu kwegiya le-float. Ubukhulu bezinduku kanye nezinhlobo zemishini zisetshenziswa maqondana nezimo zendawo: ukudoba kwenzeka kumadamu amancane anamaxhaphozi noma emifudlaneni emincane. Ama-Loach awazona izinhlanzi ezinamahloni, ngakho-ke ama-rigs amaholo angasetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile i-loach, kanye ne-ruff ne-gudgeon, iyindondo yokuqala yabadobi abasha. Lapho udoba emanzini agelezayo, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izinduku zokudoba ngemishini "egijimayo". Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama- loaches asabela kahle ezidlelweni ezidonsa phansi, ngisho nasemachibini amile. Ngokuvamile, abadobi abanokuhlangenwe nakho badonsa kancane kancane isibungu ehhuku eduze “kodonga” lwezitshalo zasemanzini, bekhuthaza izingwegwe ukuba zilume.
Amahubo
Ama-Loaches asabela kahle ezidlelweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelaphi yezilwane. Okuthandwa kakhulu izikelemu ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kanye nezimpethu, izibungu zebhungane zamagxolo, izikelemu zegazi, ama-caddisflies nokunye. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuzalaniswa kwe-loach emanzini aseduze nendawo okuhlala kuyo kunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ezimunca igazi endaweni.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
Ama-Loaches ajwayelekile eYurophu: ukusuka eFrance kuya e-Urals. Awekho ama-loaches e-Arctic Ocean basin, Great Britain, Scandinavia, kanye naseNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia, e-Italy, eGrisi. E-Europe yaseRussia, kucatshangelwa indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Arctic Ocean, akukho loach eCaucasus naseCrimea. Akukho lutho ngaphandle kwe-Urals nhlobo.
Ukuzalela
Ukuzala kwenzeka entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kuye ngokuthi isifunda. Emachibini agelezayo, naphezu kwendlela yokuphila engenzi lutho, ku-spawner ingahamba kude nendawo yayo. Insikazi izala phakathi kolwelwe. Ama-loaches amancane, ekubeni esigabeni sokukhula kwezibungu, anezinyosi zangaphandle, ezincishiswa ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa yokuphila.