I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele (i-ventricle: kusuka ku-Latin ventriculus, okusho isisu esincane) isakhiwo senhliziyo, sisebenza njengendawo yokudlula yegazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni.

Isikhundla. Kutholakala ezingeni le-mediastinum ephakathi ngaphakathi kwesifuba, inhliziyo ihlukaniswe yaba ingxenye yesokudla neyesobunxele. Ngayinye yalezi zingxenye inamakamelo amabili, i-atrium ne-ventricle (1). I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele isukela ku-orifice ye-atrioventricular (phakathi kwe-atrium ne-ventricle) iye phezulu esihlokweni senhliziyo (2).

Isakhiwo jikelele. I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele yakha umgodi oboshwe (1):   

• i-septum yokungenelela, udonga olwehlukanisa ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla, engxenyeni yayo ephakathi;
• i-septum ye-atrioventricular, udonga oluncane olwehlukanisa ne-atrium yangakwesokudla, ebusweni bayo obuphakathi nangaphezulu;
• i-mitral valve, i-valve eyihlukanisa ne-atrium yesobunxele, ngaphezulu kwayo;
• i-aortic valve, i-valve eyihlukanisa ne-aorta, ngaphansi kwayo.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi. I-ventricle yesobunxele iqukethe i-meaty trabeculae (amakholomu anezinyama), kanye nemisipha ye-papillary. Lezi zixhunywe ku-valve ye-mitral ngezintambo ze-tendon (1).

Wall. Udonga lwe-ventricle engakwesobunxele ludlulele kathathu kunalolo lwe-ventricle efanele. Yakhiwe izingqimba ezintathu (1):

• i-endocardium, ungqimba lwangaphakathi olwakhiwe ngamaseli endothelial ahlala ezicutshini ezixhuma;
• i-myocardium, ungqimba oluphakathi olwakhiwe ngemicu yemisipha enestriyo;
• i-pericardium, ungqimba lwangaphandle lumboze inhliziyo.

I-Vascularization. I-ventricle engakwesokunxele ihlinzekwa yimikhumbi ye-coronary (1).

Indlela yegazi. Igazi lizungeza ohlangothini olulodwa lingene enhliziyweni nasesimisweni segazi. I-atrium yesobunxele ithola igazi elicebile oksijini emithanjeni yamaphaphu. Leli gazi bese lidlula kwi-mitral valve ukufinyelela i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele. Ngaphakathi kokugcina, igazi bese lidlula ku-aortic valve ukufinyelela i-aorta futhi lisatshalaliswe emzimbeni wonke (1).

Ukusikwa kwe-Ventricular. Ukudlula kwegazi nge-ventricle yangakwesobunxele kulandela umjikelezo wenhliziyo. Okokugcina kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: i-systole, isigaba sokungezwani ne-diastole, isigaba sokuphumula (1) (3).

• I-systole ye-Ventricular. I-Ventricular systole iqala ekugcineni kwe-diastole, lapho i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele igcwele igazi. I-valve ye-mitral iyavalwa, ibangele ingcindezi yokwanda ku-ventricle yesobunxele. Umfutho ocindezelwa yigazi uzoholela ekunciphiseni kwe-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, okwenza i-aortic valve ivuleke. Igazi bese likhishwa nge-aorta. I-ventricle yangakwesokunxele iyaphela futhi i-aortic valve iyavalwa.
• I-diastole ye-Ventricular. I-diastole ye-Ventricular iqala ekugcineni kwe-systole, lapho i-ventricle yesobunxele ingenalutho. Ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-ventricle kwehla, kubangele ukuthi i-mitral valve ivuleke. I-ventricle yangakwesobunxele bese igcwalisa igazi, ivela e-atrium yesobunxele.

Izifo ezithile zingathinta i-ventricle yangakwesokunxele nezakhiwo zayo. Zingaba imbangela yokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okubizwa ngama-cardiac arrhythmias, amabhithi ashesha kakhulu, abizwa ngokuthi ama-tachycardias, noma ubuhlungu nje besifuba.

I-Valvulopathie. Ibeka zonke izifo ezithinta ama-valve enhliziyo, ikakhulukazi i-valve yamagilebhisi ne-valve ye-aortic. Inkambo yalezi zifo ingaholela ekuguqulweni kwesakhiwo senhliziyo ngokunwebeka kwe-ventricle yangakwesobunxele. Izimpawu zalezi zimo zingafaka ukukhononda kwenhliziyo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukungakhululeki (4) (5).

I-infarction ye-myocardial. Ebizwa nangokuthi isifo senhliziyo, i-infarction ye-myocardial ifana nokubhujiswa kwengxenye ye-myocardium. Imbangela yalesi sifo ukuvinjelwa komthambo we-coronary ohambisa i-myocardium. Ukuphucwa umoya-mpilo, amaseli we-myocardial ayafa futhi onakaliswe. Lokhu kubhujiswa kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo okungaholela ekumeni kwenhliziyo. I-infarction ye-myocardial ibonakala ikakhulukazi ngezigqi zenhliziyo ezingejwayelekile noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (6).

I-Angina pectoris. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-angina, i-angina pectoris ifana nobuhlungu obucindezelayo nobunzulu esifuba. Kwenzeka kaningi ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla kepha futhi kungavela ngezikhathi zokuxineka futhi kuyaqabukela kuphumule. Imbangela yalobuhlungu ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen enganele ku-myocardium. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi, ebhekele ukunisela kwe-myocardium (7).

I-Pericarditis. Lesi sifo sifanelana nokuvuvukala kwe-pericardium. Izimbangela zingahlukahluka kepha imvelaphi imvamisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma igciwane. Lokhu kusabela kokuvuvukala nakho kungadala uketshezi oketshezi okuholela ku-tamponade (1). Lesi sakamuva sibonakala ngokucindezelwa kwenhliziyo wuketshezi, okuluvimbela ekusebenzeni ngokujwayelekile.

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene zingabekwa njenge-anticoagulants, anti-aggregants, noma ngisho nama-anti-ischemic agents.

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngesifo esitholakele, kungenziwa ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Ukufakwa kwe-valve prosthesis ngokwesibonelo kungenziwa ezimweni ezithile zesifo se-valve.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kufundwe ikakhulukazi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo futhi kuhlolwe nezimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli njengokuphefumula okuncane noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kusungulwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, i-ultrasound yenhliziyo, noma i-doppler ultrasound ingenziwa. Zingangezelelwa yi-coronary angiography, i-CT scan, i-scintigraphy yenhliziyo, noma i-MRI.

I-Electrocardiogram. Lokhu kuhlolwa kukuvumela ukuthi uhlaziye umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.

I-Electrocardiogramme d'effort. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlaziya umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba.

Udokotela ohlinzayo waseNingizimu Afrika wekhulu lama-20 uChristiaan Barnard udume ngokwenza ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo kokuqala ngempumelelo. Ngo-1967, wafaka inhliziyo kusuka kowesifazane osemusha owashona engozini yemoto eya kumuntu owayenesifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Lesi siguli sizosinda ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kepha sizonqotshwa yi-pneumonia ezinsukwini eziyi-18 kamuva (8). Kusukela lokhu kufakelwa okokuqala ngempumelelo, inqubekela phambili yezokwelapha iqhubekile njengoba kufakazelwa ukuhlolwa kwamuva kokufakelwa okuvela enhliziyweni yokufakelwa.