I-azygos vein (i-azygos: kusukela kwelesiGrikhi okusho ukuthi “okungeyona ngisho”), ebizwa nangokuthi i-azygos vein enkulu, iwumthambo osesifubeni.

Isikhundla. I-azygos vein kanye namagatsha awo atholakala ezingeni lesifunda esiphezulu se-lumbar, kanye nezinga lodonga lwesifuba.

Ukwakheka. I-azygos vein iwumthambo oyinhloko we-azygos venous system. Lesi sakamuva sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili:

• ingxenye eqondile ehlanganisa umthambo we-azygos noma umthambo omkhulu we-azygos;
• ingxenye engakwesokunxele ehlanganisa i-azygos encane noma i-hemiazygous vein, eyakhiwe umthambo we-hemiazygous, noma umthambo we-hemiazygous ophansi, kanye ne-accessory ye-hemiazygous vein, noma umthambo we-hemiazygous ophezulu. (1) (2)

Ama-azygos

Origin. Umthambo we-azygos uthatha umsuka wawo ekuphakameni kwesikhala se-11 kwesokudla se-intercostal, futhi usuka emithonjeni emibili:

• umthombo ohlanganisa ukuhlangana komthambo we-lumbar okhuphukayo kanye ne-12th vein intercostal vein;
• umthombo owenziwe indawo engemuva ye-vena cava engaphansi, noma ngomthambo we-renal ongakwesokudla.

Indlela. Umthambo we-azygos ukhuphuka ebusweni bangaphambili bemizimba ye-vertebral. Ezingeni le-XNUMX dorsal vertebra, i-azygos vein ijika futhi yenza i-arch ukujoyina i-vena cava ephakeme.

Amagatsha. I-azygos vein inamagatsha amaningana okubambisana azoyihlanganisa phakathi nohambo lwawo: imithambo ye-intercostal yokugcina eyisishiyagalombili kwesokudla, i-intercostal vein engakwesokudla, i-bronchial and esophageal veins, kanye ne-hemiazygous vein. (1) (2)

Umthambo we-Hemiazygous

Umsuka. Umthambo we-hemiazygous uvela ekuphakameni kwesikhala se-11 se-intercostal kwesokunxele, futhi kusuka emithonjeni emibili:

• umthombo ohlanganisa inyunyana yesokunxele ekhuphukayo ye-lumbar vein kanye ne-12th left intercostal vein;
• umthombo ohlanganisa umthambo wezinso wesokunxele.

Umzila. Umthambo we-hemiazygous uhamba uye phezulu kwesokunxele somgogodla. Bese ijoyina umthambo we-azygos ezingeni le-8th vertebra yomgogodla.

Amagatsha. Umthambo we-hemiazygous unamagatsha okubambisana azowujoyina phakathi nohambo lwawo: imithambo ye-intercostal yokugcina engu-4 noma emi-5. (1) (2)

Isesekeli se-hemiazygous vein

Origin. I-accessory ye-hemiazygous vein idonsa kusukela ku-5th kuya ku-8th kwesobunxele kwe-posterior intercostal vein.

Indlela. Yehlela ebusweni besobunxele bemizimba yama-vertebral. Ijoyina umthambo we-azygos ezingeni le-8th dorsal vertebra.

Amagatsha. Endleleni, amagatsha esibambiso ajoyina isesekeli se-hemiazygous vein: imithambo ye-bronchial kanye nemithambo ye-esophageal emaphakathi.1,2

I-azygos venous system isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igazi le-venous, i-oxygen empofu, kusukela ngemuva, izindonga zesifuba, kanye nezindonga zesisu (1) (2).

Isikhukhula. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-venous thrombosis, lesi sifo sihambisana nokwakheka kwegazi, noma i-thrombus, emithanjeni. Le pathology ingaholela ezimeni ezahlukahlukene njengokushoda kwe-venous (3).

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-venous. Lesi simo sihambisana nokungasebenzi kahle kwenethiwekhi ye-venous. Uma lokhu kwenzeka ohlelweni lwe-azygos venous, igazi le-venous libe selikhishwa kabi futhi lingaba nomthelela kulo lonke ukujikeleza kwegazi (3).

Ukwelashwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, imishanguzo ethile ingahle inikezwe njenge-anticoagulants, noma i-antiaggregants.

I-Thrombolyse. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa ukuphula i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa. Lesi sidakamizwa sisetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-myocardial infarction.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuhlola izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kutholwe noma kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, i-Doppler ultrasound noma i-CT scan ingenziwa.

Incazelo ye-azygos vein. U-Bartolomeo Eustachi, isazi se-anatomical sase-Italy sekhulu le-16, uchaze izakhiwo eziningi ze-anatomical kuhlanganise ne-azygos vein. (4)