Sikhuluma ngokwehluleka kwezinso ezinjeni lapho izinso zezinja zingasasebenzi ngokujwayelekile futhi zingasebenzi noma zingasebenzi kahle ngokwanele umsebenzi wazo wokuhlunga igazi nokwakha umchamo.

Emzimbeni wenja kukhona izinso ezimbili ezisebenza njengesihlungi ngokususa ubuthi obuthile, njenge-urea okuwukuchitha umzimba we-protein, ions namaminerali, amaprotheni namanzi. Futhi kuvimbela ukuphuma kukashukela nezinye izinto egazini ngokuzifaka kabusha. Lo mdlalo wokuqeda nokususa kabusha izinso usebenza njengesihlungi kepha futhi njengomlawuli wezilinganiso eziningana emzimbeni: i-acid-base namaminerali amabhalansi, ingcindezi ye-osmotic (okuwukusatshalaliswa kwemizimba eqinile emzimbeni) noma ubuningi bamanzi azungeze amaseli omzimba. Ekugcineni, izinso zikhipha ama-hormone ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi.

Lapho izinso zingasebenzi futhi zihlunga kabi noma zingasahlungi, kuthiwa kunokuhluleka kwezinso enjeni ethintekile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuhluleka kwezinso. Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungamahlalakhona (CKD) kuyaqhubeka, izinso zisebenza kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni azisasebenzi ngokwanele ukuqinisekisa ukusinda kwenja. Isifo sezinso esibucayi (i-AKI) sifika ngokuzuma, futhi singabuyiselwa emuva, sivumele izinso ukuthi zisebenze ngokujwayelekile futhi.

Ukuhluleka kwezinso ezinjeni kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, njengomphumela we:

• Ukuba khona kwamagciwane egazini (kulandela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba ngokwesibonelo) noma kumgudu womchamo kungadala ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala kwezinso ezibizwa nge-nephritis noma i-glomerulonephritis.
• Isifo esithathelwanayo esifana nenja leptospirosis Lyme disease.
• Isithiyo ekuphumeni komchamo ngemizila yemvelo yi-calculus noma i-prostate enkulu kakhulu enjeni yesilisa engavunyelwe
• Ukufaka ubuthi enja ngesifo esinobuthi njenge-antifreeze ethylene glycol, i-mercury, izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala ezihloselwe abantu, noma amagilebhisi nezinye izitshalo
• Isici sokuzalwa (inja ezalwe inezinso eyodwa kuphela noma izinso ezinesici)
• Isifo esizuzwe njengefa njengeBernese Mountain Glomerulonephritis, iBull Terrier nephritis noma iBasenji glycosuria.
• Ukuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi somthelela wobudlova ngqo ezinso ngesikhathi sengozi yomgwaqo nemoto ngokwesibonelo.
• Umphumela oseceleni wemithi efana neminye imithi elwa namagciwane, eminye imishanguzo elwa nomdlavuza ngamakhemikhali, eminye imishanguzo elwa nokuvuvukala
• Isifo sokuzilimaza njengeLupus.

Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwezinso ziningi futhi ziyahlukahluka:

• Ukunyuka kwamanzi. Ukuba khona kokuhluleka kwezinso ezinjeni kuyazidambisa futhi kubenze bazizwe bomile unomphela. Noma inja yakho iphuza kakhulu, isengaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni uma izinso zayo zingasebenzi kahle.
• Ukwanda kokuqedwa komchamo. Njengoba iphuza kakhulu, inja nayo iqala ukuchama kakhulu, ibizwa nge-polyuropolydipsia (PUPD). Kwesinye isikhathi singaphambanisa lokhu kuqeda okubalulekile komchamo nokungavumelani ngoba inja inenkinga yokubamba kakhulu isinye sayo sigcwele.
• Ukubukeka kokuhlanza okungahlobene neze nesidlo. I-Urea ezinjeni idala i-gastric acidity futhi ibangele i-gastritis.
• Ukuvela kohudo olunegazi kwesinye isikhathi.
• I-anorexia noma ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla. I-asidi esiswini, ukutholakala kobuthi egazini, ubuhlungu, imfiva noma ukungalingani egazini kungavimbela inja yokudla.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuncipha kwemisipha. I-anorexia kanye nokukhishwa ngokweqile kwamaprotheni emchameni kubangela ukuthi inja yehle isisindo.
• Ubuhlungu besisu. Ezinye izimbangela zokuhluleka kwezinso zezinja kungadala ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
• Ubukhona begazi emchameni

Ukwehluleka kwezinso ezinjeni kubonakala ngezimpawu eziningi zokuqala okungazelelwe (i-ARI) noma okuqhubekayo (i-CRS) okungacaciswanga kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakala kwe-polyuropolydipsia (ukoma okwandayo nenani lomchamo) kuvame ukuba uphawu lokuxwayisa futhi kufanele kuholele inja kudokotela wezilwane ukuthola imbangela yalesi sibonakaliso.

I-PUPD kufanele ikuxwayise ngesimo sempilo senja yakho. Inja enempilo iphuza cishe ama-50 ml wamanzi ngephawundi ngalinye ngosuku. Lapho leli nani lidlula u-100 ml wamanzi ngekhilo ngosuku kuba nenkinga. Okuhlotshaniswa nale PUPD kungavela ukuphazamiseka kokugaya okuvamile noma izimpawu zomchamo.

Udokotela wakho wezilwane uzohlola igazi futhi ikakhulukazi uzohlola izinga le-urea egazini (uremia) nezinga le-creatinine egazini (creatinine). Lezi zimaki ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubunzima bokuhluleka kwezinso. Angahlanganisa lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlolwa komchamo no:

• isilinganiso sokuxinana komchamo, inja enokukhubazeka ukusebenza kwezinso izoba nomchamo ohlanjululwe kakhulu futhi inani lokuminyana komchamo lizoba liphansi.
• umugqa wokuhlola umchamo ongathola amaprotheni, igazi, ushukela nezinye izinto ezingajwayelekile emchameni.
• i-pellet yomchamo ebonwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuthola imbangela yokwehluleka kwezinso zenja, amabhaktheriya, amakristalu e-urinary, amaseli wokuzivikela, amaseli we-urinary ...
• i-ultrasound yesisu noma i-x-ray nayo ingenziwa ukubona ukuthi ukulimala kwezinso noma ukuvinjelwa komgudu womchamo kungaba nomthelela wokuhluleka kwezinso ezinjeni.

Ekugcineni, i-biopsy yezinso ingenziwa ukuze kubhekwe isimo sempilo sezinso nokunikeza umbono oqondile wembangela uma kwenzeka ukungazalwa kahle kwesifo ngokwesibonelo noma ukubikezelwa kokwelashwa.

Uma kutholakala imbangela yokuhluleka kwezinso zezinja, udokotela wezilwane uzokunikeza umuthi wokwelapha (njenge-anti-biotic) noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe amatshe.

Endabeni yokwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kuzoba nokufaka inja, ukujova isisu kanye nokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.

Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli inja yakho izothola imishanguzo ehlose ukwehlisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokubambezela ukuqala kwemiphumela yaso, kanye nokudla okushintshiwe. Inja yakho izodinga ukuqashwa njalo ngudokotela wezilwane wakho. Izinja ezindala kufanele zigadwe ikakhulukazi.