Kwesinye isikhathi kithina kubonakala sengathi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta umhlaba kuphela: imililo yequbula neziphepho ezimbi ziya ngokuya ziba khona, futhi isomiso sicekela phansi izindawo ezake zaba luhlaza.
Kodwa eqinisweni, ulwandle lunezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu, ngisho noma singaziqapheli ngeso lenyama. Eqinisweni, izilwandle zimunce u-93% wokushisa okwedlulele okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi muva nje kutholakale ukuthi izilwandle zimunca ukushisa okungama-60% ngaphezu kwalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
Ulwandle luphinde lusebenze njengokucwila kwekhabhoni, lubambe cishe amaphesenti angama-26 e-carbon dioxide ekhishelwe emkhathini emsebenzini womuntu. Njengoba le carbon eyeqile incibilika, ishintsha ibhalansi ye-asidi-base yolwandle, ikwenze kungabibikho ukuhlalwa kuzo izilwane zasolwandle.
Futhi akukhona nje ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okushintsha imvelo echumayo ibe imisele yamanzi ewugwadule.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuye kwafinyelela emajukujukwini olwandle, ukungcola kwezimboni kuholela ekuthelelekeni njalo kobuthi obunamandla emigwaqweni yamanzi, ukungcoliswa komsindo kuholela ekuzibulaleni kwezinye izilwane, futhi ukudoba ngokweqile kunciphisa inani lezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane.
Futhi lezi ezinye zezinkinga abantu abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ababhekana nazo. Izinkulungwane zezilwane ezihlala olwandle zihlala zisongelwa izici ezintsha ezizisondeza onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Sikumema ukuba ujwayelane nezilwane ezinhlanu zasolwandle esezoshabalala, nezizathu ezenza zagcina zisesimweni esinjalo.
I-Narwhal: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Ama-Narwhal yizilwane zohlelo lwe-cetaceans. Ngenxa yophondo olufana ne-harpoon oluphuma emakhanda awo, abukeka njengama-unicorn ahlala emanzini.
Futhi, njengama-unicorns, ngolunye usuku zingase zibe yiphupho nje.
Ama-Narwhal ahlala emanzini ase-arctic futhi achitha izinyanga ezinhlanu ngonyaka ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho azingela khona izinhlanzi futhi akhuphukele emifantwini ukuze athole umoya. Njengoba ukuncibilika kweqhwa lase-Arctic kushesha, ukudoba neminye imikhumbi ihlasela izindawo zokudlela futhi ithathe izinhlanzi eziningi, kunciphisa ukudla kwama-narwhal. Imikhumbi iphinde igcwalise amanzi ase-Arctic ngezinga elingakaze libonwe lokungcoliswa komsindo, okucindezela izilwane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhomo ebulalayo yaqala ukubhukuda ngokuqhubekayo enyakatho, eduze namanzi afudumele, futhi yaqala ukuzingela ama-narwhal kaningi.
Ufudu lwasolwandle oluluhlaza: ukudoba ngokweqile, ukulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala, ipulasitiki
Izimfudu zasolwandle eziluhlaza endle zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-80, zibhukuda ngokuthula zisuka esiqhingini ziye kwesinye futhi zidla ulwelwe.
Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, isikhathi sokuphila salezi zimfudu siye sancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ngendlela engafanele, ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, ukuvunwa kwamaqanda, nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Lapho imikhumbi yokudoba iphonsa amanetha amakhulu okudoba emanzini, inqwaba yezilwane zasolwandle, kuhlanganise nezimfudu, ziwela kulolu gibe bese ziyafa.
Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki, okugcwalisa izilwandle ngenani elifinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-13 ngonyaka, kungolunye usongo kulezi zimfudu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi ukudla ucezu lukapulasitiki ngephutha kubangela ukuthi ufudu lube sengozini yokufa ngamaphesenti angama-20 ngaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlabeni, abantu bavuna amaqanda ofudu ukuze bawadle ngesivinini esishaqisayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo zokuzalela amaqanda ziyancipha njengoba abantu bethatha izindawo ezingasogwini emhlabeni wonke.
I-Whale Shark: Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, isikebhe sokudoba saseShayina sasiboshiwe eduze kwaseGalapagos Islands, indawo yokulondoloza imikhumbi yasolwandle evalwe imisebenzi yabantu. Iziphathimandla zase-Ecuadorian zithole oshaka abangaphezu kuka-6600 esikebheni.
Oshaka babehloselwe ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza isobho le-shark fin, ukudla okuvamile okwenziwa ikakhulukazi eChina naseVietnam.
Ukufunwa kwaleli sobho kuye kwaholela ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zoshaka, kuhlanganise nemikhomo. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, inani labanye oshaka lehle cishe ngo-95% njengengxenye yokubanjwa konyaka emhlabeni wonke lafinyelela oshaka abayizigidi eziyi-100.
I-Krill (ama-crustaceans e-planktonic): ukufudumala kwamanzi, ukudoba ngokweqile
I-Plankton, nokho ishwabene, iwumgogodla wochungechunge lokudla kwasolwandle, ehlinzeka ngomthombo obalulekile womsoco wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene.
AmaKrill ahlala emanzini ase-Antarctic, lapho phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo asebenzisa iqhwa ukuze aqoqe ukudla futhi akhule endaweni ephephile. Njengoba iqhwa lincibilika esifundeni, izindawo ezihlala ama-krill ziyancipha, kanti ezinye zehla ngo-80%.
Ama-Krill nawo asongelwa yizikebhe zokudoba eziwathatha ngobuningi ukuze asetshenziswe njengokudla kwezilwane. IGreenpeace namanye amaqembu emvelo njengamanje asebenzela ukumiswa komhlaba wonke ekudobeni kwe-krill emanzini asanda kutholwa.
Uma i-krill inyamalala, izodala ukusabela okulimazayo kuwo wonke ama-ecosystem asolwandle.
Amakhorali: amanzi afudumalayo ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Izixhobo zamakhorali ziyizakhiwo ezinhle ngendlela emangalisayo ezisekela ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezisebenza kakhulu olwandle. Izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusukela ezinhlanzini nezimfudu kuye kolwelwe, zithembele ezixhobo zamakhorali ukuze zisekele futhi zivikeleke.
Ngenxa yokuthi ulwandle lumunca ukushisa okukhulu, izinga lokushisa lolwandle liyenyuka, okulimaza amakhorali. Lapho amazinga okushisa olwandle enyuka ngo-2°C ngaphezu kokuvamile, amakhorali asengozini yento engaba yingozi enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-bleaching.
Ukukhipha igazi kwenzeka lapho ukushisa kushaqisa amakhorali futhi kubangele ukuba ikhiphe izilwane eziphila ndawonye eziwunikeza umbala nezakhamzimba. Izixhobo zamakhorali ngokuvamile ziyalulama ekuba mhlophe, kodwa uma lokhu kwenzeka isikhathi nesikhathi, kugcina kuba yingozi kuzo. Futhi uma kungekho sinyathelo esithathwayo, wonke amakhorali omhlaba angacekelwa phansi maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka.