Idolobha laseFredonia. State University of New York Research Center.
Amabhodlela epulasitiki ayishumi nambili anamalebula ezinhlobo ezidumile zamanzi okuphuza alethwa elabhorethri. Iziqukathi zibekwe endaweni evikelekile, futhi ochwepheshe abagqoke amajazi amhlophe benza ukukhohlisa okulula: udayi okhethekile (i-Nile Red) ujova ebhodleleni, elinamathela kuma-microparticles epulasitiki futhi likhanyise emisebeni ethile ye-spectrum. Ngakho ungakwazi ukuhlola izinga lokuqukethwe kwezinto eziyingozi oketshezini, olunikezwa ukuphuza nsuku zonke.
I-WHO ibambisana ngenkuthalo nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene. Ucwaningo lwekhwalithi yamanzi beluyisinyathelo se-Orb Media, inhlangano enkulu yezintatheli. Amabhodlela amanzi angama-250 avela emazweni ayi-9 omhlaba avela kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili ahlolwe elabhorethri. Umphumela uyadabukisa - cishe kuzo zonke izimo kutholakala imikhondo yepulasitiki.
Uprofesa wamakhemikhali uSherry Mason wafingqa kahle lolu cwaningo: “Akukhona ukukhomba izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke umuntu.”
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ipulasitiki iyinto ethandwa kakhulu yobuvila banamuhla, ikakhulukazi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kodwa akukacaci ukuthi ipulasitiki ingena yini emanzini, nokuthi inamuphi umphumela emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside. Leli qiniso lenza ucwaningo lwe-WHO lubaluleke kakhulu.
Usizo
Ukufaka ukudla namuhla, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana zama-polymers. Okudume kakhulu yi-polyethylene terephthalate (PET) noma i-polycarbonate (PC). Isikhathi eside impela e-USA, i-FDA ibifunda umphumela wamabhodlela epulasitiki emanzini. Ngaphambi kuka-2010, iHhovisi labika ukushoda kwedatha yezibalo yokuhlaziya okuphelele. Futhi ngoJanuwari 2010, i-FDA yamangaza umphakathi ngombiko oningiliziwe nobanzi mayelana nokuba khona kwe-bisphenol A emabhodleleni, okungaholela ebuthi (ukuncipha kobulili namahomoni e-thyroid, ukulimala komsebenzi we-hormonal).
Ngokuthakazelisayo, emuva ngo-1997, iJapane yenza izifundo zendawo futhi yalahla i-bisphenol ezweni lonke. Lesi ngesinye sezakhi, ingozi engadingi bufakazi. Futhi zingaki ezinye izinto ezisemabhodleleni ezithinta kabi umuntu? Inhloso yocwaningo lwe-WHO ukuthola ukuthi ziyangena yini emanzini ngesikhathi sokugcina. Uma impendulo inguyebo, singalindela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwayo yonke imboni yokupakisha ukudla.
Ngokusho kwemibhalo enamathiselwe emabhodleleni afundwayo, ayinabungozi ngokuphelele futhi ithole uhla oluphelele lwezifundo ezidingekayo. Lokhu akumangazi nakancane. Kodwa isitatimende esilandelayo sabameleli babakhiqizi bamanzi asemabhodleleni sithakazelisa kakhulu.
Bagcizelela ukuthi namuhla azikho izindinganiso zokuqukethwe okwamukelekayo kwepulasitiki emanzini. Futhi ngokuvamile, umthelela kubantu kusukela kulezi zinto awukaziwa. Kusikhumbuza ngandlela thize “ngendawo yokwamukela ugwayi” kanye nezitatimende “mayelana nokushoda kobufakazi bomthelela omubi kagwayi empilweni”, okwenzeka eminyakeni engama-30 edlule ...
Kulokhu kuphela uphenyo luthembisa ukuthi lubucayi. Ithimba lochwepheshe eliholwa nguProfessor Mason selivele likufakazele ukuba khona kwepulasitiki kumasampula amanzi ampompi, amanzi olwandle nomoya. Izifundo zephrofayili zithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe kanye nentshisekelo evela emphakathini ngemuva kwe-documentary ye-BBC "The Blue Planet", ekhuluma ngokungcoliswa kweplanethi ngepulasitiki.
Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zamanzi asemabhodleleni zahlolwa ekuqaleni komsebenzi:
Izinhlobo zamanzi zamazwe ngamazwe: · Aquafina · Dasani · Evian · Nestle · Okuhlanzekile · Ukuphila · San Pellegrino
| Abaholi Bemakethe Kazwelonke: I-Aqua (Indonesia) · Bisleri (India) I-Epura (Mexico) · Gerolsteiner (Germany) · Minalba (Brazil) · Wahaha (China) |
Amanzi athengwe ezitolo ezinkulu kanti ukuthengwa kwawo kwaqoshwa ngevidiyo. Amanye ama-brand ayala nge-Intanethi - lokhu kuqinisekisile ukwethembeka kokuthengwa kwamanzi.
Amanzi ayehlanzwa ngodayi futhi adlule ngesihlungi esikhethekile esihluza izinhlayiya ezinkulu kune-100 microns (ugqinsi lwezinwele). Izinhlayiya ezibanjiwe zahlaziywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kwakuyipulasitiki.
Umsebenzi owenziwe waziswa kakhulu ososayensi. Ngakho, uDkt Andrew Myers (University of East Anglia) wabiza umsebenzi weqembu "isibonelo sekhemikhali yokuhlaziya yezinga eliphezulu". Umxhumanisi weChemistry kaHulumeni waseBrithani uMichael Walker uthe "umsebenzi wenziwe ngobuqotho".
Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi upulasitiki ubusemanzini ngesikhathi kuvulwa ibhodlela. Ukuze "ukuhlanzeka" kokutadisha amasampula okuba khona kwepulasitiki, zonke izakhi ezisetshenziswe emsebenzini zahlolwa, kuhlanganise namanzi acwecwe (okugeza izinsimbi zaselabhorethri), i-acetone (yokuhlambulula idayi). Ukugxila kwepulasitiki kulezi zakhi kuncane (ngokusobala okuvela emoyeni). Umbuzo omkhulu kakhulu wososayensi waphakama ngenxa yokusabalala okubanzi kwemiphumela: kumasampula ayi-17 kwangama-259, cishe lalingekho ipulasitiki, kokunye ukugxilwa kwalo kwakuncane, futhi ndawana thize laphuma esikalini.
Abakhiqizi bokudla namanzi bamemezela ngazwi linye ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwenziwa ukuhlunga kwamanzi okunezigaba eziningi, ukuhlaziya nokuhlaziya okuningiliziwe. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokusebenza, kwatholakala izinsalela zepulasitiki kuphela emanzini. Lokhu kushiwo eNestle, Coca-Cola, Gerolsteiner, Danone nezinye izinkampani.
Ucwaningo lwenkinga ekhona seluqalile. Kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo - isikhathi sizosho. Sithemba ukuthi ucwaningo luzofinyelela esiphethweni salo sokugcina, futhi ngeke luhlale luyizindaba ezidlulayo ekuphakeleni kwezindaba...