I-Katran: incazelo enesithombe, lapho itholakala khona, ingabe iyingozi kubantu

I-Katran ibizwa nangokuthi inja yasolwandle (i-Sgualus acanthias), kodwa yaziwa kangcono ngaphansi kwegama elithi "katran". Ushaka umelela umndeni we-"katranovye" kanye nethimba le-"katranovye", okuyingxenye yohlobo loshaka abayi-spiny. Indawo yokuhlala yalo mkhaya ibanzi impela, njengoba itholakala emanzini apholile azo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukujula kwendawo yokuhlala kuyamangalisa kakhulu, cishe amamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye. Abantu ngabanye bakhula ngobude bacishe babe ngamamitha ama-2.

Itiyela likashaka: incazelo

Kukholakala ukuthi i-katran shark imelela izinhlobo zoshaka ezivame kakhulu ezaziwa kuze kube manje. Ushaka, kuye ngendawo ahlala kuyo, unamagama amaningana. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-Katran evamile.
• I-spiny shark evamile.
• Ushaka omfushane oyi-spiny.
• Ushaka onekhala elingenalutho.
• Sand katran.
• INingizimu katran.
• UMarigold.

I-katran shark iyinto yokudoba kwezemidlalo nezokuhweba, ngenxa yokuthi inyama yayo ayinalo iphunga elithile le-ammonia elitholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zoshaka.

ukubukeka

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zoshaka, oshaka abangama-spiny banomumo womzimba ohleleke kakhudlwana. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, leli fomu liphelele kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zezinye izinhlanzi ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba omkhulu waloshaka bufinyelela ubukhulu obungamamitha angu-1,8, nakuba isilinganiso sobukhulu boshaka singaphezudlwana kwemitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abesilisa bancane ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. Ngenxa yokuthi umnyombo womzimba uyi-cartilage hhayi ithambo, unesisindo esincane kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala.

I-katran shark inomzimba omude futhi ozacile, ovumela umhlaseli ukuthi ahambe kalula futhi ngokushesha kukholamu yamanzi. Ukuba khona komsila onama-lobe ahlukene kuvumela ushaka ukuthi enze izinto ezihlukahlukene ezisheshayo. Emzimbeni kashaka, ungabona izikali ezincane ze-placoid. Ingemuva kanye nengemuva lesilwane esizingelayo linombala ompunga omnyama, kuyilapho lezi zingxenye zomzimba zivamise ukuba namachashaza amancane amhlophe.

Umlomo kashaka ubonakala ngephuzu eliwuphawu, futhi ibanga ukusuka ekuqaleni kwawo ukuya emlonyeni cishe liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1,3 ububanzi bomlomo ngokwawo. Amehlo atholakala ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka embotsheni yegill yokuqala, futhi amakhala agudluke kancane abheke esihlokweni sekhala. Amazinyo anobude obufanayo futhi ahlelwe ngemigqa eminingana emihlathini engenhla nangaphansi. Amazinyo abukhali, okwenza ushaka agaye ukudla abe yizicucu ezincane.

Ama- dorsal fins akheke ngendlela yokuthi ama-spikes acijile abekwe endaweni yawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubukhulu bomgogodla wokuqala abuhambisani nobukhulu bamaphiko futhi mfushane kakhulu, kodwa umgogodla wesibili ucishe ulingane nokuphakama, kodwa kuphela owesibili we-dorsal fin, othe uncane.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi! Endaweni engu-XNUMX XNUMX inhloko ye-katran shark, cishe ngaphezu kwamehlo, umuntu angabona izinqubo ezimfishane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-lobes.

Ushaka akanalo i-anal fin, futhi amaphiko e-pectoral ayamangalisa ngobukhulu, anemiphetho ethize. Amaphiko e-pelvic atholakala phansi, okuvezwa indawo ye-dorsal fin yesibili.

Indlela yokuphila, ukuziphatha

I-katran shark izulazula ezindaweni eziningi ezinamanzi ezilwandle nezilwandle ngenxa yomugqa wayo osemaceleni obucayi. Uyakwazi ukuzwa ukundindizela okuncane okusakazeka kukholamu yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushaka unomuzwa othuthuke kahle wokuhogela. Lesi sitho sakhiwe ngemigodi ekhethekile exhunywe ngqo endaweni yomphimbo wezinhlanzi.

I-katran shark izwa isilwane sayo esingase sibe isisulu kude kakhulu. Ngenxa yezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-aerodynamic zomzimba waso, umhlaseli uyakwazi ukubamba noma yimuphi umhlali ongaphansi kwamanzi ofakwe ekudleni. Ngokuphathelene nabantu, lolu hlobo loshaka alufaki ingozi.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-katran

Ngenxa yokubona kososayensi, kwatholakala ukuthi i-katran shark iyakwazi ukuphila okungenani iminyaka engu-25.

I-dimorphism yocansi

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa abesifazane kwabesilisa, ngaphandle kobukhulu. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi i-dimorphism yobulili kulolu hlobo ayivezwa kahle. Njengomthetho, abesilisa bahlala bebancane kunabesifazane. Uma abesifazane bekwazi ukukhula bafike kumitha eyodwa nengxenye, khona-ke ubukhulu babesilisa abudluli imitha eyodwa. Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-katran shark kwezinye izinhlobo zoshaka ngokungabi bikho kwe-anal fin, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubulili bomuntu ngamunye.

Uhla, izindawo zokuhlala

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indawo yokuhlala yalesi silwane esizingelayo ibanzi kakhulu, ngakho ingatholakala noma kuphi olwandle. Lolu hlobo oluncane loshaka lutholakala ogwini lwaseJapane, e-Australia, ngaphakathi kweziqhingi zaseCanary, emanzini ase-Argentina naseGreenland, kanye nase-Iceland, kokubili olwandle lwasePacific nase-Indian Ocean.

Lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye zikhetha ukuhlala emanzini apholile, ngakho-ke, emanzini abandayo kakhulu nasemanzini afudumele kakhulu, lezi zilwane ezidla ezinye azitholakali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-katran shark iyakwazi ukufuduka isikhathi eside.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! I-katran shark noma inja yasolwandle ibonakala iseduze nobuso bamanzi kuphela ebusuku futhi kuphela ezimweni lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-+15 degrees.

Lolu hlobo loshaka luzwa kahle emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama, i-Okhotsk neBering Seas. Izilwane ezizingelayo zithanda ukuhlala eduze nogu, kodwa uma zizingela zingabhukuda kude emanzini avulekile. Ngokuyisisekelo, zingaphansi kwamanzi, zicwila ekujuleni okukhulu.

Ukudla

Njengoba i-katran shark iyinhlanzi edlayo, izinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene, kanye nama-crustaceans, zakha isisekelo sokudla kwazo. Ngokuvamile ushaka udla ama-cephalopods, kanye nezikelemu ezihlukahlukene ezihlala emhlabathini ophansi.

Kunezimo lapho ushaka evele egwinye i-jellyfish futhi edla nezimila zasolwandle. Bangakwazi ukulandela imihlambi yezinhlanzi ezidla ukudla ezindaweni ezikude, ikakhulukazi maqondana nogu lwe-Atlantic yaseMelika, kanye nasogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle lwaseJapan.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Oshaka abaningi be-spiny bangabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezindaweni zokudoba. Abantu abadala bawona amanetha, futhi badla nezinhlanzi eziwele emanethini noma ezingwegweni.

Ngezikhathi ezibandayo, izingane, kanye nabantu abadala, zehlela ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha angama-200, zakha imihlambi eminingi. Njengomthetho, ekujuleni okunjalo kukhona umbuso wokushisa oqhubekayo nokudla okuningi, ngendlela ye-horse mackerel ne-anchovy. Uma kushisa noma kushisa ngaphandle, i-katrans ingakwazi ukuzingela i-whiteing emhlambini wonke.

Ukuzala kanye nenzalo

I-katran shark, uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlanzi eziningi ezinamathambo, iyinhlanzi e-viviparous, ngakho ukuvundiswa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi. Ngemuva kwemidlalo yokukhwelana, eyenzeka ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-40, amaqanda akhulayo avela emzimbeni wezinsikazi, atholakala kuma-capsules akhethekile. I-capsule ngayinye ingaba namaqanda ama-3 kuye kwayi-15, ububanzi obuyisilinganiso obufika ku-40 mm.

Inqubo yokuzala inzalo ithatha isikhathi eside, ngakho ukukhulelwa kungathatha izinyanga ezingu-18 kuya kwezingu-22. Ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwe-Fry, ushaka ukhetha indawo efanelekile, engekude nogu. Insikazi izala u-6 kuya ku-29 othosiwe, kuze kufike ku-25 cm ubude ngokwesilinganiso. Oshaka abancane banezembozo ezikhethekile ze-cartilaginous emigogodleni, ngakho-ke lapho bezalwa abadali yingozi kowesifazane. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, la mashethi ayanyamalala ngokwawo.

Ngemva kokuzalwa okulandelayo, amaqanda amasha aqala ukuvuthwa kuma-ovaries wesifazane.

Emanzini abandayo, oshaka abancane be-katran bazalelwa endaweni ethile phakathi nentwasahlobo; emanzini oLwandle lwaseJapane, le nqubo yenzeka ekupheleni kuka-August. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ushaka gazinga isikhathi esithile usadla okuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac, lapho ukunikezwa okuyinhloko kwezakhamzimba kugxilwe khona.

Kubalulekile ukwazi! Oshaka abancane badla izambane likapondo, njengoba bedinga amandla anele okuphefumula. Mayelana nalokhu, i-katrans yentsha igwinya ukudla cishe njalo.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, i-shark fry iqala ukuphila impilo ezimele futhi izitholele ukudla kwayo. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nanye yokuphila, abesilisa be-katran bavuthwa ngokocansi lapho ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela cishe ku-80 cm. Ngokuqondene nezinsikazi, ziyakwazi ukuzala ngemva konyaka nengxenye, lapho zifinyelela ubude obuyimitha eli-1.

oshaka izitha zemvelo

Zonke izinhlobo zoshaka zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona kobuhlakani, amandla azalwa nawo kanye nobuqili besilwane esizingelayo. Naphezu kwamaqiniso anjalo, i-katran shark inezitha ezingokwemvelo, ezinamandla kakhulu nezicashe kakhulu. Esinye sezilwane ezidla ezinye ezesatshwa kakhulu ezihlala olwandle emhlabeni umkhomo obulalayo. Ithonya elibi enanini lalo shaki lisetshenziswa ngumuntu, kanye nenhlanzi ye-hedgehog. Le nhlanzi, ewela emlonyeni kashaka, ima emphinjeni futhi ibanjelwe lapho ngosizo lwezinaliti zayo. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuholela ekulambeni kwalesi silwane esizingelayo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane

I-katran shark imele umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi, ongasongelwa yilutho kulezi zinsuku. Futhi lokhu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ushaka unesithakazelo kwezohwebo. Esibindini sikashaka, ososayensi bathole into engasindisa umuntu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-oncology.

Izakhiwo Eziwusizo

Inyama, isibindi kanye ne-cartilage ye-katran shark iqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo ezinomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezitho zangaphakathi zomuntu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zingxenye aziyona i-panacea.

Enyameni nasesibindini, kunesilinganiso esanele se-Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, enomphumela onenzuzo ekusebenzeni kwesimiso senhliziyo nesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. I-Omega-3 fatty acids isiza ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ukunciphisa ingozi yezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala, ivuselela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyama iqukethe izakhi zokulandelela, kanye nayo yonke inkimbinkimbi yamavithamini nama-amino acids, kuhlanganise. amaprotheni agayeka kalula.

Amafutha esibindi e-katrans abonakala ngenani elikhulu lamavithamini "A" no "D". Ziningi esibindini sikashaka kunasesibindini se-cod. Ukuba khona kwe-alkylglycerides kunomthelela ekushintshashintsheni kokuzivikela komzimba, okwandisa ukumelana kwawo nezifo kanye nezifo zefungal. Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-squalene yahlukaniswa esibindini sikashaka, esibamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ze-metabolic emzimbeni futhi sikhuthaze ukuwohloka kwe-cholesterol. Izicubu ze-cartilaginous ze-katran shark ziqukethe ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-collagen nezinye izingxenye eziningi. Amalungiselelo enziwe ngesisekelo sezicubu ze-cartilaginous asiza ekulweni nezifo zamalunga, i-arthritis, i-osteochondrosis, kanye nokuvimbela ukubukeka kwama-neoplasms ayingozi.

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo, i-katran shark, noma kunalokho inyama yayo, ingalimaza umuntu. Okokuqala, uma kwenzeka ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye, akukhuthazwa ukuba udle inyama yalo shaki, futhi okwesibili, okuyinto evamile ezilwaneni ezihlala isikhathi eside zasolwandle, inyama iqukethe i-mercury, ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwenyama ezigabeni ezinjalo zabantu. abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo, izingane ezincane , asebekhulile, kanye nabantu ababuthakathaka ngenxa yokugula okunzima.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi ushaka ungumzingeli onamandla futhi omkhulu, izinhlangano ezingezinhle zivela lapho kukhulunywa ngazo futhi umuntu ucabanga umlomo omkhulu, onamazinyo abukhali alungele ukuklebhula noma iyiphi inyamazane ibe yizicucu. Ngokuqondene ne-katran shark, iyisilwane esingakaze sihlasele umuntu, okusho ukuthi asifaki ingozi kuye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinto ebalulekile yokudla, okungenakushiwo mayelana nezinye, izilwane ezidliwayo ezifanayo.

Okuthakazelisayo ukuthi zonke izingxenye zomzimba zithola ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Isikhumba sikashaka simbozwe ngezikali ezibukhali, ngakho sisetshenziselwa ukupholisha imikhiqizo yokhuni. Uma isikhumba sicutshungulwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile, khona-ke sithola ukuthungwa kwe-shagreen edumile, emva kwalokho imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yenziwa kuyo. Inyama ye-Katran ibonakala njengemnandi ngoba ayinuki i-ammonia uma iphekwe kahle. Ngakho-ke, inyama ingathoswa, ibilisiwe, ibhakwe, ifakwe emanzini, ibhenywe, njll. Ama-gourmets amaningi akhetha isobho le-shark fin. Amaqanda oshaka nawo asetshenziswa, ane-yolk eningi kunamaqanda enkukhu. Ungathenga inyama yoshaka ngendlela ekheniwe, eqandisiwe noma entsha.