Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans zingamaseli amanyikwe adlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni. Ziqukethe amaseli we-beta akhipha i-insulin, i-hormone elawula ushukela wegazi. Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, yilawa maseli abhujiswa. Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans ngakho-ke zisenhliziyweni yocwaningo lwezokwelapha.

Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans (eziqanjwe ngegama likaPaul Langherans, 1847-1888, i-anatomo-pathologist yaseJalimane kanye nesazi sezinto eziphilayo) zingamaseli ama-pancreas, anezigidi ezi-1. Akhiwe ngamaseli ahlukaniswe aba ngamaqoqo - yingakho amagama athi iziqhingana - asatshalaliswa ezicutshini ze-exocrine (izinto ezifihla izicubu ezikhishwe ngaphandle kwegazi) kwamanyikwe, nawo akhiqize ama-enzyme adingekayo ekugayeni. La maqoqo amancane amangqamuzana akha u-1 kuya ku-2% kuphela wesisindo samanyikwe, kepha adlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni.

Iziqhingi zaseLangerhans zingamaseli endocrine. Bakhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukene: ikakhulukazi i-insulin, kodwa futhi ne-glucagon, i-pancreatic polypeptide, i-somatostatin.

Ngamaseli we-beta noma amaseli ama-of eziqhingini zaseLangerhans akhiqiza i-insulin, ihomoni edlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni. Indima yalo ukugcina ibhalansi yezinga le-glucose (glycemia) egazini. Le glucose isebenza njengomthombo wamandla - ngamafuphi, “uphethiloli” - emzimbeni, futhi izinga layo egazini akumele libe phansi kakhulu noma liphansi kakhulu ukuze umzimba usebenze kahle. Yiyona kanye indima ye-insulin yokulinganisela amazinga kashukela ngokusiza umzimba ukuthi usebenzise futhi / noma ugcine le glucose ngokuya ngokuthi ingaphezu kwamandla noma ayanele.

Amaseli akhiqiza i-glucagon, i-hormone ekhulisa inani le-glucose egazini lapho ushukela wegazi uphansi. Kubangela ukuthi isibindi nezinye izicubu emzimbeni zikhiphe ushukela ogciniwe egazini.

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela i-1

Uhlobo lwe-1 noma isifo sikashukela esincike ku-insulin kungenxa yokucekelwa phansi okuqhubekayo nokungalungiseki kwamaseli we-beta eziqhingini zaseLangerhans ngenqubo ezenzakalelayo yesifo sofuzo. Lokhu kubhujiswa kuholela ekushodeni okuphelele kwe-insulin, ngakho-ke ingozi ye-hyperglycemia lapho kuthathwa ukudla, bese kuba yi-hypoglycemia phakathi kokudla, uma kwenzeka ukuzila ukudla noma ukuvivinya umzimba. Ngesikhathi se-hypoglycemia, izitho zincishwa i-substrate enamandla. Uma singalawulwa, isifo sikashukela ngakho-ke singadala ukugula okungathi sína kwezinso, kwenhliziyo, kwemithambo yegazi, kokugulisa okwenzeka emathunjini kanye nokwelashwa kwamehlo.

Isimila se-neuroendocrine samanyikwe

Uhlobo olungajwayelekile lomdlavuza wepancreatic. Kuyinto ebizwa nge-neuroendocrine tumor (NET) ngoba iqala kumaseli ohlelo lwe-neuroendocrine. Sibe sesikhuluma nge-NET yamanyikwe, noma i-TNEp. Kungaba ukungafihli noma ukufihla (ukusebenza). Esimweni sokugcina, bese kubangela uketshezi oluningi ngokweqile kwamahomoni.

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela i-1

Ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kuvala isikhala sokungabikho kokukhiqizwa kwe-insulin. Isiguli sizojova i-insulin izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. Le ndlela yokwelashwa kufanele ilandelwe impilo yonke.

Ukufakwa kwamanyikwe ithuthukiswe kuma-90s. Imvamisa kuhambisana nokufakelwa kwezinso, kugcinelwa iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela ezithinteke kakhulu 1. Naphezu kwemiphumela emihle, ukufakelwa i-pancreatic akubanga ukwelashwa okukhethwa kukho kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenqubo ebucayi yenqubo kanye nokwelashwa okuhambisana nokuzivikela komzimba.

ILangerhans isiqhingi sokuxhunyelelwa ingenye yethemba elikhulu ekuphathweni kohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1. Kuqukethe ukufakelwa kuphela amaseli awusizo, kulokhu iziqhingi zaseLangerhans. Kuthathwe kumanyikwe womuntu onikele ngengqondo, lezi ziqhingi ziyahlukaniswa bese zifakwa emthanjeni we-portal ziye esibindini sesiguli. Obunye bobunzima bulele kunqubo yokuhlukanisa lezi ziqhingi. Ngempela kunzima kakhulu ukukhipha la maqoqo amancane amangqamuzana kwamanye amanyikwe ngaphandle kokuwalimaza. Ukufakelwa kokuqala kwenziwa eParis ngeminyaka yama-80s. Ngo-2000, iqembu lase-Edmonton lathola ukuzimela kwe-insulin ezigulini ezi-7 ezilandelanayo ezifakwe kabusha eziqhingini. Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka emhlabeni jikelele. EFrance, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okuhlukahlukene kwaqala ngo-2011 ezibhedlela ezinkulu ezine zaseParis ezihlangene ngaphakathi kweqembu "lase-Ile-de-France lokufakelwa kabusha kweziqhingi zaseLangerhans" (GRIIF). Imiphumela iyathembisa: ngemuva kokufakelwa, isigamu seziguli zisuswe kwi-insulin, kanti enye ingxenye izuza ukulawula okungcono kwe-glycemic, kunciphise izidingo ze-hypoglycemia kanye ne-insulin.

Kanye nalo msebenzi wokufakelwa kabusha, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokuqonda ukukhula nokusebenza kwalawa maseli, kanye nofuzo nokukhula kwalesi sifo. Ukutheleleka kwamangqamuzana e-beta ngegciwane le-herpes (okungabhekana nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela esithile kubantu abavela e-Afrika), izindlela zokukhula nokuvuthwa kwamaseli we-beta, ithonya lezakhi zofuzo ezithile ezihilelekile ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo ingxenye yezindlela zokucwaninga zamanje. Umqondo empeleni ukuthola izinto ezibangela ukwenziwa kokusebenza kwama-T lymphocyte kumangqamuzana e-beta, ukuthola izixazululo zokuvimba lokhu kusabela okuzenzakalelayo, ukuvuselela iziqhingana zaseLangerhans, njll.

Isimila se-neuroendocrine samanyikwe

Ukuphathwa kuncike kubunjalo besimila futhi kusekelwe kwizimbazo ezihlukile:

• ukuhlinzwa
• imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• imishanguzo yokwehlisa uketshezi ukunciphisa uketshezi lwe-hormonal esikhwameni

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela i-1

Uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 yisifo esivela kumzimba omzimba: Ama-lymphocyte T aqala ukuqaphela ama-molecule akhona kumaseli we-beta njengezinto ezithathelwanayo ezizosuswa. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu zivela izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka ngemuva kokuba le nqubo iqale. Lezi iziqephu ze-hypoglycaemia kanye / noma ukwehla okukhulu kwesisindo naphezu kokudla okuhle, ukuchama kaningi nokuchichima, ukoma okungavamile, ukukhathala okukhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokutholwa kwama-autoantibodies egazini.

Isimila se-Neuroendocrine

Izicubu ze-Neuroendocrine kunzima ukuzixilonga ngenxa yokwehluka kwezimpawu zazo.

Uma kuyisimila esisebenzayo se-neuroendocrine samanyikwe, kungadala ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-insulin. Ukubonakala noma ukwanda kwesifo sikashukela esingaxhomeki ku-insulin kufanele futhi kuphenywe emadodeni angaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala ngaphandle komlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-anatomopathological of the tumor kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucacisa imvelo yaso (isimila esihlukanisiwe noma esingahlukanisiwe) kanye nebanga laso. Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokwandiswa kwesifo ekufuneni imastastase nakho kuyenziwa.