Ukuze uzuze okuthile, udinga ukuzibekela umgomo, uwuhlukanise ube imisebenzi, ubeke izinsuku eziwumnqamulajuqu… Lena yindlela izigidi zezincwadi, imibhalo kanye nabaqeqeshi ezifundisa ngayo. Kodwa ingabe kulungile? Kungase kubonakale sengathi yini engalungile ngokuqhubekela phambili ekufezeni umgomo? UHelen Edwards, inhloko yomtapo wolwazi wesikole sebhizinisi saseSkolkovo, uyaphikisana.
Inkonzo ka-Owain kanye noRory Gallagher, ababhali be-Thinking Narrow. Izindlela ezilula ezimangazayo zokufinyelela izinjongo ezinkulu ”nabacwaningi abavela ku-Behavioral Insights Team (BIT), abasebenzela uhulumeni wase-UK:
- Khetha okuqondisiwe okulungile;
- Bonisa ukubekezela;
- Hlukanisa umsebenzi omkhulu ube izinyathelo ezilawuleka kalula;
- Bona ngeso lengqondo izinyathelo ezidingekayo;
- Xhuma impendulo;
- Thola ukwesekwa komphakathi;
- Khumbula umvuzo.
I-BIT ifunda indlela yokusebenzisa ama-nudges kanye ne-psychology yesisusa ukuze "kukhuthaze abantu ukuthi bazenzele izinqumo ezingcono bona nomphakathi." Ikakhulukazi, kuyasiza ukwenza ukukhetha okufanele uma kuziwa endleleni yokuphila enempilo nokuqina.
Encwadini, ababhali bacaphuna ucwaningo olwenziwa yizazi zokusebenza kwengqondo u-Albert Bandura noDaniel Chervon, abakala imiphumela yabafundi abavivinya umzimba ngamabhayisikili. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi “abafundi abatshelwe ukuthi bakuphi maqondana negoli baphinde baphinda kabili ukusebenza kwabo futhi baphumelela kakhulu kunalabo abathole umgomo kuphela noma impendulo kuphela.”
Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi nezilandeleli zokuqina ezitholakala kithi namuhla zisivumela ukuthi sidlulele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ngempumelelo kunangaphambili. Izinkampani eziningana zethule izinhlelo zokuqina futhi zasabalalisa ama-pedometer kubasebenzi ukuze zibakhuthaze ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo eziyi-10 ngosuku. Njengoba bekulindelekile, abaningi baqala kancane kancane ukubeka umgomo ophakeme, owawubhekwa njengempumelelo enkulu.
Nokho, kunolunye uhlangothi ekumisweni kwegoli. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezibhekana nokuluthwa kokuzivocavoca okungenampilo zibona lesi simo ngendlela ehluke kakhulu.
Bagxeka abalandeleli bokuqina, bethi “bayinto ewumsangano kunawo wonke emhlabeni… .” ama-endorphin, okwatholakala ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ngomthwalo olula kakhulu.
Inkathi yedijithali iyalutha kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inkathi yangaphambilini emlandweni.
Encwadini enesihloko esigqamile esithi “Akunakuvinjelwa. Kungani siqhubeka nokuhlola, ukuskrola, ukuchofoza, ukubheka futhi singakwazi ukuma?” Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseColumbia University u-Adam Alter siyaxwayisa: “Sigxila ezinzuzweni zokubeka imigomo ngaphandle kokunaka ukonakala. Ukusetha umgomo bekuyithuluzi eliwusizo elikhuthazayo esikhathini esidlule njengoba abantu bencamela ukusebenzisa isikhathi esincane namandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sisebenza kanzima, silungile futhi sinempilo. Kodwa i-pendulum isiphenduke ngenye indlela. Manje simagange kakhulu ukwenza okwengeziwe ngesikhathi esincane kangangokuthi sikhohlwe ukuma kancane.”
Umbono wesidingo sokubeka umgomo ngemva komunye ukhona ngempela muva nje. U-Alter uphikisa ngokuthi iminyaka yedijithali ithambekele kakhulu ekuluthweni kokuziphatha kunanoma iyiphi inkathi yangaphambilini emlandweni. I-inthanethi yethule izinhloso ezintsha «ezifika, futhi ngokuvamile ezingamenywanga, ebhokisini lakho leposi noma esikrinini sakho.
Imibono efanayo esetshenziswa ohulumeni nezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle ukuze kwakhiwe imikhuba emihle ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuvinjwe amakhasimende ekusebenziseni izimpahla namasevisi. Inkinga lapha akukhona ukuntula amandla, nje «kukhona abantu abayinkulungwane ngemuva kwesikrini umsebenzi wabo ukuphula ukuzithiba onakho.
Imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zenzelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa kunokumisa, kusukela ku-Netflix, lapho isiqephu esilandelayo sochungechunge silandwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ku-World of Warcraft marathons, lapho abadlali bengafuni ukuphazanyiswa ngisho nokulala nokulala. ukudla.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqinisa okudlulayo kwezenhlalo ngendlela "yokuthandwa" kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi umuntu uqala ukubuyekeza i-Facebook (inhlangano eyeqisayo evinjelwe eRussia) noma i-Instagram (inhlangano eyeqisayo evinjelwe eRussia). Kodwa umuzwa wempumelelo uyaphela ngokushesha. Ngokushesha nje lapho ufinyelela umgomo wokuthola ababhalisile abayinkulungwane ku-Instagram (inhlangano eyeqisayo evinjelwe eRussia), kuvela entsha endaweni yayo - manje ababhalisile abayizinkulungwane ezimbili babonakala beyisilinganiso esifanele.
U-Alter ubonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo edumile namasevisi akhulisa kanjani ukusebenzelana futhi anciphise ukukhungatheka ngokuphazamisa ukulungiselelwa kwezinhloso nezindlela zokuklomelisa. Konke lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba umlutha.
Ngokusebenzisa izimpumelelo zesayensi yokuziphatha, kungenzeka ukukhohlisa hhayi kuphela ukuthi siphumule kanjani. U-Noam Scheiber ku-New York Times uchaza indlela i-Uber esebenzisa ngayo ingqondo ukuze abashayeli bayo basebenze kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka. Inkampani ayinakho ukulawula okuqondile kubashayeli - bangosomabhizinisi abazimele kunabasebenzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlala kukhona ezanele ukuhlangabezana nesidingo nokukhula kwenkampani.
Umqondisi wocwaningo kwa-Uber uyaphawula: “Izilungiselelo zethu ezizenzakalelayo zikukhuthaza ukuthi usebenze kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka. Asikudingi lokhu nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kodwa lezo izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo.
Isibonelo, nazi izici ezimbili zohlelo lokusebenza ezikhuthaza abashayeli ukuthi basebenze kanzima:
- «advance allocation» — abashayeli baboniswa uhambo olulandelayo olungase lube khona ngaphambi kokuba olwamanje luphele,
- izimpawu ezikhethekile ezibaqondisa lapho inkampani ifuna baye khona - ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, hhayi ukwandisa iholo lomshayeli.
Okusebenza kahle kakhulu ukusetha okuhlosiwe okuvimbela abashayeli kanye nokunikezwa kwezimpawu ezingenangqondo. U-Scheiber uyaphawula, “Ngenxa yokuthi i-Uber ihlela wonke umsebenzi wabashayeli ngohlelo lokusebenza, kuncane okungavimba inkampani ekulandeleni izici zegeyimu.”
Lo mkhuba ngowesikhathi eside. Ukukhuphuka komnotho ozimele kungaholela "ekutholeni amandla okungokwengqondo ekugcineni kube yindlela ejwayelekile yokuphatha abantu baseMelika abasebenza."
Mayelana nochwepheshe: UHelen Edwards uyinhloko yomtapo wezincwadi eSkolkovo Moscow School of Management.