Okuqukethwe
Ama-agglutinins angavamile
Incazelo yokuhlaziywa kwama-agglutinins angajwayelekile
The agglutinines kukhona anti, okungukuthi, ama-molecule akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba ukuze "abone" ama-agent angaphandle.
Igama elithi "i-agglutinins engavamile" lisho amasosha omzimba aqondiswe kuma-molecule athile (ama-antigen) akhona ebusweni bamaseli. Amaseli abomvu.
Lawa ma-antibody "awajwayelekile" ngoba awajwayelekile, anomthelela ongaba yingozi.
Ngempela, bazifaka engozini yokuphendukela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu esiguli futhi bawahlasele, ngandlela thile.
Ukusesha ama-agglutinins angavamile (RAI) ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ezimweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nokukhulelwa, ukugwema lolu hlobo lwenkinga.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zivikelamzimba ezingavamile kuvame ukuchazwa ukubonwa kwangaphambili kwe ukumpontshelwa noma ngo ukukhulelwa, kwabesifazane. Ngakho, phakathi nokumpontshelwa noma phakathi nokukhulelwa, igazi “lakwelinye izwe” (elomnikeli noma lombungu) lihlangana negazi lomuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, amasosha omzimba akhiqiza amasosha omzimba aqondiswe kulawa mangqamuzana egazi abomvu angaphandle. Phakathi nokuchayeka kwesibili (ukumpontshelwa okusha noma ukukhulelwa okusha), lamasosha omzimba angasabela ngokuqinile futhi abangele ukucekelwa phansi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, okungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu yomtholampilo (ngokwesibonelo, ukushaqeka kokumpontshelwa).
Kowesifazane okhulelwe, ukuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwe-antibody kungabangela, kwezinye izimo, isifo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-hemolytic sosana olusanda kuzalwa.
Ama-agglutinins angajwayelekile nawo angabangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba (ukungasebenzi kwesistimu yokuzivikela komzimba). Lawa ke amasosha omzimba, aqondiswe kuma-antigen esiguli uqobo.
Kungani wenze i-agglutinin assay engajwayelekile?
I-RAI ihlose ukukhombisa ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba aqondiswe kumaseli abomvu egazi.
Lawa amasosha omzimba ayizinhlobo eziningana (kuye ngokuthi i-molecule ayiqondise).
Zingaba yingozi uma zimpontshelwa noma zikhulelwe.
Ngakho-ke i-RAI yenziwa ngokuhlelekile:
- kunoma yimuphi umuntu okungenzeka ampontshelwe
- ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukumpontshelwa (njengengxenye yokuqapha i-haemovigilance)
- kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, i-RAI ihlelekile okungenani kabili kwabesifazane abangenawo umlando wokumpontshelwa (ngaphambi kokuphela kwe-2st inyanga yokukhulelwa nangesikhathi se-8st kanye / noma 9st inyanga). Kuvame kakhulu (okungenani izikhathi ezi-4) kwabesifazane abangenayo i-Rh (cishe u-15% wabantu).
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlose ukuvimbela ukumpontshelwa igazi noma izingozi zomntwana-umama (i-anemia enzima, ukopha, i-jaundice).
Isibonelo, izingozi ezinjalo zingenzeka lapho owesifazane ene-rh negative (iqembu legazi elingalungile) futhi ekhulelwe indoda ene-rh positive. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala, igazi le-fetus (uma liyi-Rh +, futhi), alihlangani nelomama, ngakho-ke akukho nkinga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesikhathi sokubeletha, igazi elibili liyahlangana futhi umama uzokhiqiza amasosha omzimba alwa ne-Rhesus. Lokhu kuthintana kungenzeka futhi uma kwenzeka kuphuphunyelwa isisu noma ukukhulelwa ngokuzithandela.
Phakathi nokukhulelwa kwesibili, lawa ma-antibodies angabangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu (uma umbungu ungu-Rh + futhi), noma isifo se-hemolytic sosana olusanda kuzalwa, okusho ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi lomntwana. . Ukuze kuvinjelwe le nkinga, kwanele, phakathi nokubeletha ngakunye, ukujova umama nge-anti Rhesus (noma i-anti D) serum, ezobhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ambalwa omntwana adlulele ekujikelezeni kukamama futhi avimbele ukugonywa. .
Inqubo yokuhlaziywa kwama-agglutinins angavamile kanye nemiphumela
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kalula ukuhlolwa kwegazi, elabhorethri yokuhlaziya ukwelashwa. Igazi lesiguli lithintwa izinhlobonhlobo zamaseli anikelayo (amele ukuhlukahluka kwama-antigen okungakheka ngawo ama-agglutinins angajwayelekile). Uma ama-agglutinins engajwayelekile, azosabela phambi kwala maseli.
Yimiphi imiphumela elindelwe ngokuseshwa kwama-agglutinins angajwayelekile?
Ukuhlolwa kuphakathi kokuthi kubi noma kuqondile, kukhombisa noma cha ubukhona be-agglutinin engavamile egazini.
Uma ukuhlolwa kuqondile, kuzodingeka ukuthi kunqunywe kahle ukuthi ayimaphi amasosha omzimba (ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi iyiphi i-molecule engasabela ngayo).
Uma kwenzeka kumpontshelwa kamuva, lokhu kuvumela ukukhethwa kwegazi elihambisanayo lesiguli.
Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukuba khona kwe-agglutinins engavamile akuyona ingozi. Kaningi, lezi zivikelamzimba azinayo ingozi enganeni (ayinawo “udlame” kakhulu noma umbungu ungase uhambisane).
Kodwa-ke, ukukhula okufanele kwe-fetus kuzolawulwa ngokuqinile.
Okubizwa ngokuthi “anti-D” agglutinins (anti-RH1, kodwa futhi anti-RH4 kanye ne-anti-KEL1), ikakhulukazi, kudinga ukuqapha okujwayelekile kanye nomthamo (okungenani kanye ngenyanga kuze kube sekubelethweni komntwana ngisho nazo zonke izinsuku eziyi-8 kuya kweziyi-15 ku-trimester yesithathu). Udokotela uzochaza ubungozi kanye nezindlela zokulandelela ngaphambi nangemuva kokubeletha.
Funda futhi: Iphepha lethu lamaqiniso nge-anemia Konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokopha |