Okuqukethwe
Ukonakala kwe-Macular
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i- i-macular degeneration imiphumela yokuwohloka kwe macula, indawo encane ye-retina etholakala ezansi kwe-iso, eduze kwenzwa ye-optic. Kusuka kule ngxenye ye-retina lapho kuvela khona ukuhlakazeka okuhle kakhulu kokubona. Ukuwohloka kwe-macular kuholela ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubalulekile umbono ophakathi, okuya kufiphala kakhulu.
Ukwehla kwamakhompiyutha kuthinta kakhulu abantu abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu. Ibe iqokwa yisisho Ukonakala kwe-Macular ou AMD. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kokuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka.
Kukhona futhi ifomu lezinceku yalesi sifo, esidluliselwa ngofuzo: Isifo sika-Stargardt. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma sobusha. Kuleli shidi, ngeke kuxoxwe ngalo.
Izinkinga ze-macular degeneration
Izinto ezihlukahlukene zingabangela ukuwohloka kwe-macular. THE'age iyisici esiyingozi kakhulu. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabangu-1 abaneminyaka engama-7 kuya kwengama-55 abanayo, futhi oyedwa kwabathathu kwabaneminyaka engama-64 kuya phezulu22. Abantu abane umlando womndeni Ukonakala kwe-macular kungenzeka kuthinteke.
The imikhuba yokuphila dlala indima ebalulekile. Ukubhema kuyingozi enkulu: uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abangabhemi, ababhemayo banamathuba aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezingu-3 okuba nalesi simo ngolunye usuku.19. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yini evimbela ukugeleza kwegazi ezicutshini zeso yandisa ingozi. Lokhu kunjalo nge-hypertension ne-hypercholesterolemia.
Ocwaningweni lwe-epidemiological olwenziwa kwabesifazane abangu-1 abaneminyaka engu-113 kuya kwengama-55, abantu ababedle kahle, abangabhemi futhi ababezivocavoca babesengozini yokuwohloka kwe-macular izikhathi ezingama-74 kunalabo abasebenzisa imikhuba emibi kakhulu yokuphila.20. Amandla omthelela we indlela yempilo zingahlukahluka komunye nomunye, kuye ngokuthi umthwalo wefa.
Ekugcineni, ukuvuvukala kungase kubangele ukuqala kwalesi sifo. Ngempela, abacwaningi bathole ukuhlobana phakathi kwamazinga egazi we-C amaprotheni asebenzayo, umaka wokuvuvukala, nokuwohloka kwe-macular.2.
Izinhlobo zokuwohloka kwe-macular
- Ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala. Ebizwa nangokuthi ukuwohloka kwe-macrophic noma i-non-neovascular macular degeneration, ifomu elibi kakhulu futhi evame kakhulu yokuwohloka kwama-macular. Ishintsha phakathi neminyaka eminingana. Konke ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene neminyaka kuqala ngefomu elomile ngaphambi kokuqhubekela phambili, cishe kumuntu oyedwa kwabayi-1, kuze kube manzi.
- Ukonakala kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-exudative noma i-neovascular, leli fomu lokuwohloka kwe-macular ukukhulisa ifomu elomile. Kubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwe- imithambo yegazi emisha ku-choroid, ngaphansi kwe-retina. Igazi noma olunye uketshezi lungavuza futhi kulimaze i-macula. Kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokushesha kunefomu elomile, ngezinye izikhathi phakathi kwezinsuku noma amasonto. Ifomu elimanzi lingaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kokubona okuphakathi. Akuqondakali kahle ukuthi yini eyenza le mithambo yegazi yakheke.
Inkinga ngezibala ezibonakalayo Ukukhanya kungenaiso ngokusebenzisa ilensi. Imisebe yokukhanya ihlala kuyi-retina, ulwelwesi oluncane oluvala ingaphakathi leso. I-retina yakhiwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amaseli ezinzwa ze-photoreceptor: Izigaxa futhi izinti. Lawa maseli ayadingeka ukuze ubone kahle ngoba asabela emibalabala nokuqina kokukhanya. I-Visual acuity inembe kakhulu ku-macula, indawo encane emaphakathi ne-retina. I-macula ivumela umbono ophakathi. Abantu abane-macular degeneration banezilonda ezincane, eziphuzi kuma-macula abo, okuthiwa druns noma izigubhu. Lezi ziphenduka zibe izibazi. Lesi simo siwumphumela wokususwa okungafanele kwe izingulube ezibonakalayo, izinto ezithwebula izithombe ezitholakala kumaseli we-photoreceptor. Ezikhathini ezijwayelekile, lezi pigments ziyaqedwa futhi zivuselelwa njalo. Kulabo abathintekile, banqwabelana ku-macula. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nzima kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi ukunikeza i-macula. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amehlo ayaba nokonakala. |
Ukuvela kwe-macular degeneration
Uma kwenzeka kuba ifomu elomile, abantu abaningi noma kunjalo bazogcina umbono omuhle kukho konke ukuphila kwabo noma kancane kancane balahlekelwe umbono wabo ophakathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-macular degeneration alapheki. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvela kwayo kungancishiswa ngokuthatha amavithamini e-antioxidant nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Njengoba lesi sifo singahlala singabonakali isikhathi eside, lokhu kungase kubambezele ukuxilongwa ngakho-ke ukwelashwa - okungase kunciphise ukusebenza kwaso.
Uma kwenzeka kuba ifomu elimanzi, izihloko zingalahlekelwa umbono wazo ophakathi ngokushesha. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona imithi yokwelapha ifomu elimanzi. Lesi simo sidala izimpawu ngokushesha okukhulu: ukwehla kombono kungazelelwe kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwezinto (imigqa eqondile iyahlaneka).
Kuzo zombili izinhlobo ze-macular degeneration ehlobene neminyaka, umbono ungase wehle kwelinye iso futhi uhlale kwelinye iminyaka.
Lesi sifo ungalokothi ucasule de ubumpumputhe ngokuphelele njengoba umbono we-peripheral uhlala uqinile.