I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron, umphumela wokuntuleka kwe-iron

I-anemia ibonakala ngokuncipha kwenani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi egazini noma okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-hemoglobin. Izimpawu eziyinhloko, uma zikhona, ukukhathala, ibala eliphaphathekile kanye nokuphefumula okwengeziwe ngokuzikhandla.

I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron kwenzeka ngenxa iron ukuntula. I-ayoni ibophezela ku-pigment "heme" ye-hemoglobin ehambisa umoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Umoya-mpilo ubalulekile ukuze amangqamuzana akhiqize amandla futhi enze imisebenzi yawo.

I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukulahleka kwegazi esibi noma esingamahlalakhona noma ngo a ukungabi nensimbi ekudleni. Ngempela, umzimba awukwazi ukuhlanganisa insimbi ngakho-ke kufanele uyikhiphe ekudleni. Okungavamile kakhulu, kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga zokusebenzisa insimbi ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin.

Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-iron anemia

Iningi labantu abanalo ukushoda kwe-iron anemia kancane ungakuboni. Izimpawu zincike kakhulu ekutheni i-anemia iqale ngokushesha kangakanani. Uma i-anemia ibonakala kancane kancane, izimpawu azibonakali.

• Ukukhathala okungavamile
• Isikhumba esiphezulu
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya kugqama kakhulu lapho uzikhandla
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibandayo
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• isiyezi
• Ukuncipha ekusebenzeni kobuhlakani

Abantu abasengozini

• Abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala abanakho kokuya esikhathini kuningi kakhulu, ngoba kukhona ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi egazini lokuya esikhathini.
• The abesifazane abakhulelwe nalabo abakhulelwa izikhathi eziningi futhi eduze.
• The Izinsana.
• The izingane kanye, ikakhulukazi kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 kuye eminyakeni emi-4.
• Abantu abanesifo esibangela i-iron malabsorption: Isifo sikaCrohn noma isifo se-celiac, isibonelo.
• Abantu abanenkinga yezempilo ebangela ukulahleka kwegazi okungapheli esitulweni (okungabonakali ngeso): isilonda se-peptic, i-benign colon polyps noma umdlavuza we-colorectal, isibonelo.
• The abantu abadla imifino, ikakhulukazi uma bengadli noma yimuphi umkhiqizo womthombo wezilwane (ukudla kwe-vegan).
• The babies abanganceliswanga amabele.
• Abantu abavame ukudla okuthile izidakamizwa, njengama-antacid ohlobo lwe-proton pump inhibitor okunciphisa isilungulela. I-asidi yesisu iguqula i-ayoni esekudleni ibe uhlobo olungamuncwa amathumbu. Izidakamizwa ze-Aspirin kanye ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory nazo zingabangela ukopha kwesisu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Abantu abaphethwe i-ukwehluleka kwezinso, ikakhulukazi labo abaku-dialysis.

Ukuvama

I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron iwuhlobo lwe-anemia Okuvame kakhulu. Bangaphezu kuka-30% abantu emhlabeni abaphethwe yi-anemia, ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation¹. Ingxenye yalezi zimo kukholakala ukuthi ibangelwa ukushoda kwensimbi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka.

ENyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-4% kuya ku-8% wabesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala banayo ukuntula ku iron³. Izilinganiso zingase zihluke ngoba indlela yokunquma esetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuntuleka kwe-iron ayifani yonke indawo. Kwabesilisa nabesifazane be-postmenopausal, ukuntuleka kwe-iron akuvamile.

E-United States naseCanada, imikhiqizo ethile yokudla ecolisisiwe, njengofulawa kakolweni, okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni, irayisi eliphekwe kusengaphambili, ne-pasta. insimbi iqinisiwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukushiyeka.

kwesifo

Kusukela izimpawu zeukushoda kwe-iron anemia kungase kube ngenxa yenye inkinga yezempilo, ukuhlaziywa kwaselabhorethri kwesampula yegazi kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe ukuxilongwa. Isibalo segazi esigcwele (isibalo segazi eliphelele) ngokuvamile sinqunywe udokotela.

Konke lokhu Izinyathelo eziyi-3 iyakwazi ukubona i-anemia. Uma kwenzeka kuba ne-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi, imiphumela elandelayo ingaphansi kwamanani avamile.

• Izinga le-hemoglobin : ukuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin egazini, evezwe ngamagremu e-hemoglobin ilitha ngalinye legazi (g / l) noma nge-100 ml yegazi (g / 100 ml noma g / dl).
• Izinga le-hematocrit : isilinganiso, esivezwa njengephesenti, yenani elisetshenziswa amaseli abomvu egazi lesampula (lidlule ku-centrifuge) ukuya kuvolumu yegazi eliphelele eliqukethwe kule sampuli.
• Inani lamaseli abomvu egazi : inani lamaseli abomvu egazi kumthamo othile wegazi, ngokuvamile elivezwa ngezigidi zamaseli abomvu egazi nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.

Amanani avamile

esasizizwa. Lawa magugu ahambisana nenkambiso yabantu abangama-95%. Lokhu kusho ukuthi u-5% wabantu unamagugu "okungajwayelekile" ngenkathi enempilo enhle. Ukwengeza, imiphumela esemikhawulweni ephansi evamile ingase ibonise ukuqala kwe-anemia uma ngokuvamile iphakeme.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenza kube nokwenzeka qinisekisa ukuxilongwa I-anemia yokuntuleka kwe-iron:

• Izinga le- i-transferrin : i-transferrin iphrotheni ekwazi ukulungisa insimbi. Iwuhambisa ezicutshini nasezithweni. Izici ezihlukahlukene zingathinta izinga le-transferrin. Uma kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwe-iron, izinga le-transferrin liyakhuphuka.
• Izinga le- i-serum iron : lesi silinganiso senza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe ukwenyuka kwezinga le-transferrin kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwensimbi ngempela. Ibona ngokunembile inani lensimbi ejikeleza egazini.
• Izinga le- ferritin : inikeza isilinganiso semithombo yensimbi. I-Ferritin iyiphrotheni esetshenziswa ukugcina insimbi esibindini, ubende kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Uma kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwensimbi, inani layo liyehla.
• Ukuhlola a i-smear yegazi nge-hematologist, ukubona ubukhulu nokubukeka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngokuntuleka kwe-iron anemia, lezi zincane, ziphaphathekile futhi zishintshashintsha kakhulu ngokuma.

esasizizwa. izinga elijwayelekile le-hemoglobin cishe ihlukile kumuntu nomuntu neqembu lesizwe neqembu. Izinga elithembeke kakhulu kungaba elomuntu ngamunye, kusho uMarc Zaffran, udokotela. Ngakho-ke, uma sithola ngesikhathi esifanayo umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kokuhlolwa oku-2 okwenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene et ubukhona be izimpawu (ukukhanya, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukukhathala, ukopha kokugaya ukudla, njll.), lokhu kufanele kuthole ukunakwa kukadokotela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu obonakala ene-anemia emaphakathi esekelwe esilinganisweni se-hemoglobin yegazi kodwa ongenazimpawu akakudingi ngempela ukudla okusansimbi, ikakhulukazi uma imiphumela yegazi izinzile amasonto ambalwa, kucacisa uMarc Zaffran.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

I-anemia emaphakathi ayinayo imiphumela emikhulu yezempilo. Uma zingekho ezinye izinkinga zempilo, izimpawu zomzimba ekuphumuleni zizwakala kuphela ngenani le-hemoglobin elingaphansi kwama-80 g/l (uma i-anemia iqala kancane kancane).

Kodwa-ke, uma ishiywe ingalashwa, ukuwohloka kwayo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu:

• we izinkinga zenhliziyo : umzamo owandayo uyadingeka emisipha yenhliziyo, izinga layo lokunciphisa likhuphuka; umuntu onenkinga ye-coronary artery usengozini enkulu ye-angina pectoris.
• ngoba abesifazane abakhulelwe : ukwanda kwengozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nezinsana ezizalwayo ezinesisindo esiphansi.