Iriri berry

Isitshalo esimangalisayo se-irga isihlahla noma isihlahla esincane. Igama lezitshalo le-irga ngu-Amelanchier. ICanada yindawo yokuzalwa yesitshalo; ngekhulu le-16, abantu bafunda ngayo eYurophu. Lesi sitshalo sikhula ezifundeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-Afrika, iMelika, iCrimea, iCaucasus, neFar East. Imvamisa ungabona i-irga berry ehlathini, ehlathini nasezintabeni. Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi izinyoni ezifudukayo, ezaziphatha imbewu, zaba nomthelela ekusatshalalisweni kwe-irga kabanzi.

Amajikijolo amnandi, nge-aftertaste emnandi, ngaphandle acishe afane nama-currants. Kungcono ukuwaqoqa kuphela lapho sekuvuthwe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke alusizo kakhulu. I-Irga iyanelisa ngokuphelele indlala futhi iqinisa amasosha omzimba. Akuwona amajikijolo kuphela awusizo, kodwa futhi namaqabunga, imbewu, amagxolo.

Igama le-irga liyahluka phakathi kwabantu abehlukene. ERussia amagama afana nolwandle olwandle, i-wineberry iyathandwa, amaNtaliyane ayibiza ngokuthi yi-willow delicacy, amaJalimane ayibiza ngokuthi yi-pear rock. Abantu baseCanada banikeze lesi sitshalo igama elithi Canadian medlar.

Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo

• ezinye izinhlobo zikhula zifike kumamitha ayi-18;
• uma udla ikhilogremu lamajikijolo ngasikhathi, ungalala;
• amajikijolo omisiwe agcinwa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili;
• i-irga ingesinye sezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezinhle kakhulu;
• ngokusho kososayensi, igama lesayensi elithi "Amelanchier" linomsuka wamaCelt, kanti igama elithi "irga" ngesiMongolia futhi lihumusha ngokuthi "isitshalo esinokhuni oluqinile kakhulu."
• izithelo zesitshalo kusukela ekubukeni kwe-botany akuzona neze amajikijolo, kepha okuncane kuyasebenza;
• eCanada, i-irga itshalwa ikakhulu ekwenzeni iwayini.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-irga berry

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-25 ze-irga, kanti lezi ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu:

• I-Round-leved, shrub enamaqabunga e-ovoid, ikhula ize ifike ku-2.5 m. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi ngezimbali ezimhlophe. NgoJulayi, kuthela izithelo ezinamajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mnyama ngokuqhakaza kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• ejwayelekile, isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama, sinomqhele obanzi namagatsha amancane. Izimbali zibomvana, amajikijolo mancane, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amnyama, aqhakaza mhlophe;
• ICanada, iqhakaza kakhulu, ine-inflorescence emhlophe. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayisithupha, inika amajikijolo amakhulu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama ngokuqhakaza;
• i-spicate ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-6, iqhakaza ngoMeyi ngezimbali ezikhanyayo ezibomvana noma ezimhlophe ezinama-pistils aphumile. Izithelo ezinamajikijolo anombala onsomi onsomi ngokuqhakaza okuluhlaza okotshani;
• okubomvu kwegazi kuyahluka kwezinye izinhlobo ngomqhele okhuphukayo. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha amathathu. Amajikijolo mancane, acishe abe mnyama;
• i-alder-leaved, isihlahlana esineziqu eziningana ezikhula size sibe ngamamitha ama-4 ukuphakama. Izimbali amajikijolo amhlophe, aphakathi nendawo, nsomi;
• ILamarca inombala omuhle wamaqabunga ekwindla, athola umbala obomvu noma ophuzi omnyama. Amajikijolo anombala onsomi onsundu, amnandi kakhulu futhi anamanzi amaningi, avuthwa ngo-Agasti. Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-18 ukuphakama, kepha esimweni sezulu saseCanada, asikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5;
• i-ballerina inika ama-pods ombala obomvu obomvu, othola kancane umbala omnyama. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-6 futhi inamaqabunga anombala wethusi, athola kancane umbala ohlaza okotshani.

Izici ezizuzisayo

I-Irga icebe kakhulu ngezinto zokulandela ngomkhondo eziwusizo namavithamini. Amagremu ayi-100 amajikijolo aqukethe ama-40 g we-ascorbic acid. Amajikijolo aqukethe i-pectin, i-flavonols, ushukela, ama-organic organic, ama-phytosterol, nefayibha yokudla. Amagxolo namaqabunga acebile nge-stearic nangama-tanins. Ngomzimba womuntu, i-irga inenani elikhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziningi:

• anti-inflammatory
• amagciwane
• tonic
• kuqinisa
• I-cardiotonic
• i-astringent
• ukuphulukiswa kwenxeba
• i-hypotensive

Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwamajikijolo, umfutho wegazi uyancipha ngokuphawulekayo, izindonga zemithambo yegazi ziyaqina futhi ziqine. I-Irga inomthelela omuhle emsebenzini wesistimu yenhliziyo.

I-Irga ibuye isebenziseke njengendlela yokuvimbela ngokumelene:

• imithambo ye-varicose
• i-infarction ye-myocardial
• atherosclerosis
• i-avitaminosis
• izilonda zesisu
• i-thrombosis
• izimila ezinomdlavuza
• ukuqwasha
• ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• isifo sohudo

Izakhiwo eziwusizo ze-irga berry

Imikhiqizo equkethe ijikijolo isiza ekupholiseni amanxeba ubovu. I-Irga iyi-antioxidant enamandla futhi ingahlanza umzimba wama-radionuclides nobuthi. Ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwamajikijolo ekudleni, i-cholesterol iyancipha, isifiso sokudla, kanye nomsebenzi wokugaya ukudla uyathuthuka. I-riboflavin equkethwe ku-irga ithuthukisa umbono kanye ne-metabolism.

Kuyasiza, ngokusho kodokotela, ukuthi abantu abadala basebenzise i-irga. UVitamin P uvikela umzimba ezifweni eziningi ezejwayelekile zokuguga, kusuka eminyakeni engama-60.

Ukwehlisa isisindo, amajikijolo nawo ayasebenza kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kungama-kcal angu-45 kuphela nge-100 g. Banelisa indlala kahle, futhi kuhlanganiswe nejusi ye-irga ye-currant, uma uyisebenzisa kahle, ikuvumela ukuthi ulahle ama-4 kg ngesonto.

Izimo

Njenganoma imuphi umkhiqizo we-herbal, i-irga inokuphikisana okuthile. Akufanele uyisebenzise lapho une:

• ukuthambekela kwe-hypotension
• ukuthambekela komzimba kokungezwani nezinto ezithile komzimba
• ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye

Irga - izindlela zokupheka

I-Irga muhle ukuyisebenzisa ekuphekeni ngenxa yokunambitheka nobumnandi bayo. Abantu benza ujamu ohlukile ngamajikijolo, nama-marshmallows, i-marmalade namajusi. I-Berry puree ithandwa kakhulu ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-dessert. Amajikijolo nesiraphu kuhamba kahle kakhulu no-ayisikhilimu, kuhle kakhulu ukulungiselela amasoso wezitsha. Ama-liqueurs newayini avela kumajikijolo, anambitheka ebabayo futhi ekhethekile, athandwa kakhulu.

Ama-Decoctions netiye

Emithini yesintu, izithelo, izimbali, amaqabunga kanye namagxolo e-irga berry asetshenziswa kabanzi. Abantu balungisa itiye nama-decoctions, asiza ukubuyisela izinga elidingekayo lezinto zokulandelela emzimbeni, aqinise amasosha omzimba kanye nempilo.

Kuyathandwa ukwenza i-tincture yembali isuselwe ku-vodka. Uma ungabekezelelani nalesi siphuzo, ungasebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngezipuni eziyi-3 zezimbali ezomile, uzodinga izinkomishi ezi-2 zoketshezi. Izimbali kufanele zigcizelele i-vodka izinsuku ezintathu bese ziyiyihlunga. Uma ulungisa i-tincture emanzini, bopha isitsha, ubhiya nesihlungi. Kufanele uphuze isipuni esingu-3 imizuzu engama-1 ngaphambi kokudla, kathathu ngosuku.

Ijusi lejikijolo kuhle ukuphuza okusha, noma ungalihlanza ngamanzi noma wenze ukuwafaka. Ukupheka kulula kakhulu:

• omisiwe ama-irga amajikijolo omisiwe futhi acubuziwe nge-pestle;
• khama ujusi uphume ku-puree usebenzisa i-juicer noma ngesandla usebenzisa i-gauze;
• thela amanzi ngejusi le-currant noma le-cherry, faka umlilo, nokushisa ngaphandle kokubilisa. Songa ujusi ezitsheni ushise.

Phuza ijusi ngaphambi kokudla, 50-100 ml. Ijusi lamajikijolo amuncu kakhulu liyahlanjululwa ngenxa yobumnandi obuqinile be-irga.

Izindlela zokupheka eziningi ezivela ku-irga berry

Ukufakwa okumnandi kwamajikijolo e-irga kutholakala, ngombala omuhle omnyama oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ilungiselelwe nge-vodka ngokusho iresiphi:

• usike izithelo kumazambane acubuziwe nge-pestle, ugcwalise imbiza yengilazi ku-¾ bese ugcwalisa nge-vodka ukuze kuhlale u-4 cm entanyeni;
• shiya ukufaka izinsuku ezintathu endaweni epholile futhi emnyama;
• gcoba i-tincture kahle, ususe amajikijolo asele.

Gcina isiphuzo emakhazeni, bese usiphuza kathathu ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla, isipuni esingu-1 sisinye.

Abantu balungisa itiye emaqabungeni amasha nasomile ngokuwathela ngamanzi abilayo. Phikelela imizuzu engama-20 uphuze ngesipuni esigcwele uju. Itiye elivela ezimbali ze-irga nalo lihle. Kuhle ukuphuza le tiye kusihlwa. Kuyaduduza futhi kukhuthaze ukulala okunempilo.

I-decoction yamagxolo ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukucindezelwa kwe-decoction kusiza ukupholisa amanxeba nokusha. Ungazenzela wena:

• usebenzisa i-grinder yekhofi, gaya amagxolo;
• Thela izipuni ezimbili ngezindebe ezimbili zamanzi abilayo;
• pheka ngokushisa okuphansi imizuzu engama-20, kupholile, futhi kube nzima;
• uthele engilazini yamanzi apholile abilisiwe.

Kungasiza uma uphuza umhluzi amahlandla ama-3-5 ngosuku ngesigamu sengilazi. Ukusetshenziswa kwangaphandle, unganciphisi umhluzi ngamanzi.

Storage

Izithelo zigcina izakhiwo zazo ezizuzisayo nokunambitha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze ukwazi ukubeka i-irga ebusika. Amajikijolo e-irga adinga ukugcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa izinsuku ezi-3.

Ukomisa i-irga kufanele kwenziwe egumbini elifudumele elinomoya omncane. Izithelo kufanele zibekwe kugridi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ama-dryer akhethekile noma i-ovini, uvuse amajikijolo njalo. Izinga lokushisa akufanele leqe ama-degree angama-60.

Ngemuva kokuncipha, amajikijolo afriziwe aba mnandi kakhulu futhi angalahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo. I-Irga iqandisiwe ngaphandle kokungeza isiraphu noshukela. Kubalulekile ukuhlunga ngokucophelela izithelo, uzigeze futhi uzomise ngethawula. Amajikijolo asakazeke ngongqimba owodwa ebhodini lokubhaka noma kuthileyi wamakhadibhodi, abekwe efrijini. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungagcina izithelo ezifriziwe emasakeni aboshwe ngokuqinile.

Ungayitshala kanjani futhi uyitshale i-irga berry

I-Irga isitshalo esingathobeki esingamelana namazinga okushisa afike kuma-40-50 degrees ngaphansi kuka-zero. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo singamelana nesithwathwa sentwasahlobo size sifike ku -7 degrees. Kwesinye isikhathi ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70 futhi ibhekwa ngokufanele njengesibindi eside. Eminyakeni edlule, i-shrub iphenduka isihlahla.

I-Irga ingatshalwa noma yikuphi, futhi ikhula kahle elangeni nasethunzini, ayisabi isomiso nomoya. Lesi sitshalo simila kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinamanzi. Isivuno nempilo ye-irga kuncike ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi. Ukufika kwenziwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

• sula indawo yokhula bese umba up;
• bamba umgodi, hlanganisa umhlaba kuwo nomquba nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-3: 1: 1;
• engeza umanyolo we-humus, i-phosphate, ne-potassium ezansi komgodi;
• ufafaza isithombo ngenhlanganisela yomhlaba, isihlabathi, nomquba, uthele amanzi kakhulu;
• lapho umswakama umuncwa ngokuphelele, engeza umhlaba bese ulinganisa imbobo ngaphezulu. Nika inhlabathi phezulu;
• nquma isithombo ukuze kungabi namahlumela angaphezu kwayi-4 kuhlumela ngalinye.

Izithombo zokutshala kufanele zibe neminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Uma utshala izihlahla eziningana, kungcono ukukwenza ngephethini lokuhlola; ibanga phakathi kwezithombo kufanele libe okungenani amamitha ayi-1.5.

Yiziphi izeluleko

Isihlahlana asithobeki futhi asidingi ukunakwa okukhethekile, kepha kufanelekile ukuchitha isikhashana ku-irga. Isitshalo sizokubonga ngokuvunwa okuhle nokukhula okunempilo.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi:

• Amanzi irga njalo, kepha ngamanani afanele. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-irga luthuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele unake ngokukhethekile ukuchelela ngesomiso;
• amanzi nge-sprayer, ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlanza amaqabunga othulini;
• nquma njengoba kudingeka ekukhaliseni okubonakalayo;
• yenza ukhula

Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5 yokuphila, vundisa lesi sitshalo, kanye ngonyaka umbe umbuthano wesiqu nomanyolo.

Inhlanganisela yokondla

• ibhakede le-humus
• 200 g womanyolo we-potash ngaphandle kwe-chlorine
• I-300 g superphosphate

Kuyasiza ukondla isitshalo ngezinto eziwuketshezi entwasahlobo kuze kube phakathi nehlobo — umquba wenkukhu ofanele, ohlanjululwa emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-10. Isihlahla esisodwa sidinga amalitha ama-5 esisombululo esinjalo.

Kungasiza uma wondla isihlahla ngamanyolo ketshezi kusihlwa, ngemuva kokuchelela isitshalo kuqala. Ngemuva kokufaka umquba owomile ngokumba, kufanele unisele isihlahla.

Nayi ividiyo yokuthi ungawakha kanjani amajikijolo amahle kakhulu e-irga: