Okuqukethwe
Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, kuphuma izincwadi eziningi ku-inthanethi mayelana nokubaluleka kokuqinisa ukuzivikela komzimba, okubandakanya nezingane. Kodwa izindlela eziningi zokupheka ezinconywa izingane ezincane azimelani nokugxeka, ngaphezu kwalokho, zingaba yingozi emzimbeni obuthakathaka. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuzivikela komzimba kungathonywa kanjani ezinganeni, ukuthi kungakhuthazwa kanjani futhi kwandiswe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ekuqaleni ukuthi kuyini, ukuthi amasosha omzimba asebenza kanjani, yiziphi izici zawo ebuntwaneni, yiziphi izindlela nezindlela ezisiza umsebenzi wawo. , futhi yikuphi - kuphazamisa.
Amasosha omzimba angenye yezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokuvikela umzimba womuntu ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle kanye noshintsho lwamaseli ngaphakathi komzimba. Ayivikeli kuphela ezifweni, kodwa futhi nasezintweni zangaphandle, kanye nakuzo, kodwa amaseli ashintshiwe, angadala izifo zesimila. Kanye nazo zonke izitho nezinhlelo, amasosha omzimba aqala ukwakha ngisho nasesibelethweni, kusukela emasontweni okuqala okukhulelwa. Ingxenye yesivikelo idluliselwa kubazali, ezingeni lezakhi zofuzo. Ukwengeza, umzimba kamama wenza isivikelo esithile ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane - isibonelo, amasosha omzimba asevele enziwe ngokumelene nezifo ezivikela ingane emasontweni okuqala emva kokuzalwa (1).
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, umntwana usenamasosha omzimba asuke esevuthiwe kodwa angakavuthwa ngokugcwele. Ekugcineni yakheka cishe iminyaka engu-7-8 ubudala. Futhi ukuze ikhule kahle, ingane kufanele ifunde ngezwe elizungezile, iqeqeshe amasosha omzimba futhi ithole izinto ezidingekayo zokwakha amangqamuzana omzimba, ama-antibodies kanye nezithiyo zokuzivikela. Kulesi simo, lapho sebekhulile, abantu bahlakulela ukuzivikela okugcwele komzimba ngokumelene nabahlaseli abaningi abanokusabela okwanele ekuvuseleleni.
Kuyini i-immunity futhi kungani idingeka
Ukuzivikela komzimba kuyisimiso sokuvikela ngokumelene namathonya ahlukahlukene angaphandle nangaphakathi angaphazamisa ubuqotho bomzimba futhi aholele ekuthuthukiseni ama-pathologies ahlukahlukene. Amasosha ethu omzimba ayinethiwekhi yamangqamuzana, izicubu, izitho zomzimba kanye nezinhlanganisela zezinto eziphilayo ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo. Kalula nje, kuwuhlelo lokuvikela lokungena oluhlola noma yiziphi izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Inquma ukuthi lezi zinto ziyingozi noma azinangozi futhi yenze ngokufanele. Lapho amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane engena emzimbeni, amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba aqala ukusebenza. Ezinye zikhiqiza amasosha omzimba, amaprotheni alwa nokutheleleka. Babopha futhi banciphise izinto eziyingozi, bazisuse emzimbeni. Amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe (ama-leukocyte) ahlasela amagciwane ngokuqondile. Lezi yizenzo ezihlelekile ezingavimbela ingane ukuthi ingaguli kwasekuqaleni noma ziyisize ilulame uma igula.
Ukuzivikela komzimba kuqondiswe kumagciwane ayingozi, amagciwane, isikhunta kanye, ngokwengxenye, nama-parasites. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibona futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana ayo ashintshile futhi ingaba yingozi emzimbeni (iguquliwe, yonakalisiwe).
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba ezinganeni ekhaya
Abazali abaningi, beqaphela izifo ezivamile zezingane zabo, bakholelwa ngokushesha ukuthi ukuzivikela kwabo kunciphile, futhi bacabange ukuthi bangakuqinisa kanjani. Kepha lokhu akuwona umbono olungile mayelana nomsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izingane zizalwa zinomzimba owenziwe, kodwa ongavuthiwe (futhi ongaqeqeshiwe ngokuphelele). Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane iqeqeshe, ifundise futhi ithuthukise ukuzivikela kwayo. Ukuze enze lokhu, udinga ukujwayelana nemvelo, athole ukukhuthazwa okwanele kuwo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinto ezidingekayo zokuhlanganiswa kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba kanye nezinhlanganisela zokuzivikela zingena emzimbeni wakhe (2).
Ukuqeqesha ukungatheleleki, izingane kufanele zigule ngezikhathi ezithile, ebuntwaneni zenza lokhu kaningi kunabantu abadala. Lokhu futhi ukuqeqeshwa kokuzivikela komzimba, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokuzivikela. Kodwa lezi kufanele kube izifo ezilula, ezinzile. Izifo ezihlaselayo ikakhulukazi, izifo eziyingozi noma ukulimala ngokweqile ngeke kube nenzuzo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukudala izimo eziyinyumba ezungeze ingane, zimvikele kunoma yimaphi amathonya angaphandle. Konke kufanele kube ngokulinganisela.
Kodwa-ke, uma ingane ingaphumi emakhazeni ngokoqobo, igula kaningi futhi ineziqephu ezinde, amasosha omzimba adinga usizo nokusekelwa. Khona-ke udinga ukunaka ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze umzimba wengane ukwazi ukulwa nabahlaseli abahlukahlukene bebhaktheriya kanye negciwane ngokwawo.
Akukho ukuzelapha, ikakhulukazi ngama-antibiotics
Gwema ama-antibiotics ngaphandle uma kunesidingo, ikakhulukazi lapho uzelapha. Ama-antibiotics anqunywa kaningi kakhulu ekwelapheni kwanoma yiziphi izifo - kusukela ezilonda ezingemuva kokuhlinzwa kuya ku-micro-inflammation. Inhloso yemithi elwa namagciwane iwukubhubhisa amagciwane abangela izifo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angasindisa ukuphila. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi okungenani amaphesenti angama-30 emiyalelo yemithi elwa namagciwane ayidingekile futhi ayinabulungisa. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ama-antibiotics awagcini nje ngokubhubhisa amagciwane e-pathogenic, kodwa futhi aqeda amabhaktheriya anenzuzo ku-microflora yamathumbu. Kungani ubulala amagciwane amahle lapho kungenasidingo? Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi i-flora yamathumbu ivuselela ngenkuthalo ukuzivikela komzimba.
Uma udokotela enikeza ingane yakho ama-antibiotics, ungayiphuzi ngaphandle kwemibuzo embalwa kuqala:
Adingeka kangakanani la ma-antibiotics?
– Angakanani amathuba okuthi ukuzivikela kwemvelo kwengane kuzokwazi ukubhekana nenkinga ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa?
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uthatha ama-antibiotics, udinga ukunakekela i-microflora yamathumbu, ugcwalise ukunikezwa kwamagciwane anenzuzo.
Ukudla Okucebile Kwe-Probiotic Okuningi
Kuyadingeka ukuthi kube namabhaktheriya anenzuzo enamandla emathunjini. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuwenza abe namandla ukukhetha ukudla okunothe ngama-probiotic komndeni wonke. Kusukela ehlobo, nikeza ingane yakho ubisi olumuncu nokudla okubilile njenge-sauerkraut noma i-kefir, iyogathi. Kunconywa ukukhetha imikhiqizo ngaphandle kwezithasiselo, noma wengeze izithelo zemvelo namajikijolo.
Akukho okuncane okuwusizo ama-prebiotics - awukudla kwamagciwane aphilayo ahlala emathunjini. Bahlonipha ikakhulukazi i-fiber, i-pectin, kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingxenye zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane idle izithelo nemifino emisha, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amantongomane.
Isimiso sansuku zonke nesimiso sokulala
Kwenzeka ukuthi abazali abafaki ukubaluleka kwesimiso sansuku zonke kanye nesimiso sokulala, becabanga ukuthi akubalulekile kangako, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Njengoba ilanga lishona sekwephuzile futhi izingane ngokuvamile azifuni ukulala, abazali bavumela futhi bavumele izingane ukuba ziphule uhlelo, zilale ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Kodwa lokhu kuwukucindezeleka komzimba, futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi kubukela phansi izivikeli mzimba.
Ukuze ukuzivikela kwezingane kuqiniswe, isimiso esicacile sansuku zonke siyadingeka phakathi nesonto nangezimpelaviki, nesikhathi sokulala esanele esiyisibopho. Ukwengeza, imodi ekhethiwe kahle izosiza ukugwema ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuhambisana nokuya enkulisa nasesikoleni - ukuvuka ekuseni namalungiselelo.
Ngokushesha uma uqala ukwakha uhlobo lwemithi, kuyoba lula kumntwana nabazali esikhathini esizayo. Izingane eziningi zidinga amahora angu-10 kuya kwangu-14 obuthongo obungaphazamiseki nsuku zonke (uma ingane encane, idinga ukulala okwengeziwe) ukuze ibe nempilo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngokulala okuzwakalayo, ingane kufanele isebenzise amandla ngentshiseko phakathi nosuku, futhi kuyoba lula ukuba ilale.
Ushukela, kodwa wemvelo kuphela
Izingane namaswidi kubonakala njengenhlanganisela yemvelo kubazali. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu likashukela kumaswidi ahlukahlukene kukhonjisiwe ukuthi liguqula i-microbiome ngezindlela ezeqisayo, zondla amagciwane athanda ushukela amaningi angaminyanisa amagciwane anenzuzo, aqinisa amasosha omzimba.
Khuthaza i-microbiome yengane yakho ngokusuthisa ukudla kwayo ngezithelo ezinoshukela esikhundleni samakhekhe namaswidi, noma okungenani ukhethe ukudla okunoshukela wemvelo. Awusizo kangako amavithamini atholakala ezithelweni ezintsha.
Phuma ngaphandle kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka
Khuthaza izingane zakho ukuba zibe ngaphandle ngokusemandleni unyaka wonke, hhayi nje kuphela ukuze zivivinye umzimba nomoya omusha onomoya-mpilo, kodwa futhi nokunikezwa “uvithamini wokukhanya kwelanga” owaziwa ngokuthi uvithamini D. Umzimba ubamba ukukhanya kwelanga usebenzisa i-cholesterol ukuze uyiguqule ibe yi-cholesterol. uhlobo oluwusizo lukavithamini D. Wonke amangqamuzana emzimbeni wakho adinga uvithamini D, ikakhulukazi ukuze amasosha akho omzimba asebenze.
Kodwa-ke, ukungabi nesikhathi sangaphandle kwethu nezingane zethu kuvame ukuholela ekuntulekeni kukavithamini D. Amazinga aphansi ahlotshaniswa nezimo ze-autoimmune ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo. Amazinga alungile kavithamini aboniswe ukuthuthukisa izimpawu zalezi zimo ngokusiza ekwandiseni amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, okungabavikeli bamasosha akho omzimba. Thenga ivithamini manje ngokuthumela izingane ngaphandle ngokuduba i-TV nemidlalo yevidiyo. Kunalokho, funda ngaphandle, hamba izintaba, udlale imidlalo, noma uchithe isikhathi echibini. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ukuhamba komndeni, imidlalo, nokudla kwangaphandle kuyindlela enhle yokweseka ukuthatha kwakho uvithamini D (3). Kwezinye izimo, amavithamini angase abekwe udokotela. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uzithathele ngokwakho, ngoba izinkinga ezinkulu zingenzeka ngokuchichima.
Yidla imifino nemifino
Yebo, sonke siyazi ukuthi kufanele sidle imifino ehlukahlukene, kodwa uyazi ukuthi kungani? Esinye isizathu esihle i-methylation. Kuyinqubo ye-biochemical eyenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile, kuhlanganise nokukhipha ubuthi. Imifino enothile ngesulfure njengamahlumela aseBrussels kanye ne-broccoli, kanye nemifino enamahlamvu amnyama njenge-kale nesipinashi, ilayishwe amavithamini B akhuthaza i-methylation futhi angasiza ingane ukuba iqinise izivikeli mzimba. Izinhlobo zemvelo zamavithamini ezivela ekudleni zimuncwa kangcono kakhulu kunezidakamizwa zokwenziwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi izingane ziyenqaba ngokuphelele imifino. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukukopela kancane ngokwenza uhlobo oluthile lwesitsha kubo. Isibonelo, ama-smoothies aluhlaza kanye ne-ayisikhilimu enezithelo ezincane zobumnandi. Ungakwazi futhi ukubhaka imifino, isibonelo, ngokwenza amakhukhi. Kuleli fomu, bagcina izinto eziningi eziwusizo.
Izidakamizwa ezingcono kakhulu zokwandisa ukungatheleleki ezinganeni
Odokotela nabazali abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi ingane ingagula kaningi: izikhathi ezingu-5-7 ngonyaka, noma zonke ezingu-12 - lapho iqala ukuya enkulisa. Futhi lokhu akusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba asenkingeni. Kodwa uma ungaphumi ehhovisi likadokotela wezingane, futhi cishe yonke i-SARS iphetha ngezinkinga, khona-ke, cishe, ama-immunostimulants ayadingeka. Kodwa-ke, uchwepheshe kuphela ongasho ngokuqinisekile - akukho ukuzelapha!
Futhi isibonelo - nokubonisana nodokotela - sinikeza uhlu lwemithi engcono kakhulu yokwandisa ukungatheleleki ezinganeni ngokusho kwe-KP.
1. “Corilip NEO”
Ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwe-NTsZD RAMS. Izithako eziyinhloko "zibethelwe" egameni: i-coenzymes (i-cocarboxylase hydrochloride ne-lipoic acid), kanye ne-riboflavin (uvithamini B2). Izingane ziboniswa ukusetshenziswa kwe- "Corilip NEO" esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi emisha (ukufunda ukubamba amakhanda noma ukuhamba kakade), ukulungiselela imigomo, ngesikhathi sezifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nesisindo somzimba esiphansi. Izingane ezinonyaka owodwa zinconywa isidakamizwa esifanayo "Korilip" (ngaphandle kwesiqalo "NEO") ngaphambi kwenkulisa noma isikole, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo okwandisiwe.
2. "I-Anaferon yezingane"
I-Broad-spectrum antiviral drug enesenzo se-immunomodulatory. Isetshenziswa ezinganeni kusukela enyangeni engu-1. Emakhemisi, ungayithola ngendlela yamaconsi noma ama-lozenges. Mayelana nokuvimbela, izidakamizwa zisebenza kuwo wonke amasosha omzimba: i-lymphocytes ne-phagocytes, ama-antibodies, amaseli abulalayo. Ngenxa yalokho: umzimba uyakwazi ukuqukatha ukuhlasela kwamagciwane avela ngaphandle. Ngokusho komkhiqizi, ingozi yokutheleleka iyancipha izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1,5.
3. "I-Derinat"
Amaconsi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukwelapha nokuvimbela i-SARS kanye nomkhuhlane ezinganeni. Umuthi, ngokusho komkhiqizi, usiza ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwemvelo. Okungukuthi, "iqeqesha" umzimba ukuthi umelane nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kanye nefungal kanye ne-bacterial.
Inani lomuthi likhuphuka kakhulu uma wazi ukuthi i-Derinat ingasetshenziswa kusukela ekuzalweni, ngoba azikho izidakamizwa eziningi ezamukelekayo ezinganeni.
4. I-Polyoxidonium
Isidakamizwa esisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuvimbela izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 ubudala. Kuyasiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ivikela umzimba ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi inciphise imvamisa yezifo eziphindelelayo. Okusho ukuthi, umenzi ugcizelela umphumela wokuvikela ohlala isikhathi eside womuthi. Yini abazali abangase bangayithandi ukuthi lena akuyona indlela elula kakhulu yokuyisebenzisa: amaphilisi kufanele abekwe ngaphansi kolimi, okungewona wonke umuntu oneminyaka emithathu ubudala ozovuma ukukwenza.
5. "Oseltamivir"
Isidakamizwa esilwa namagciwane esigunyazwe ukusetshenziswa yibo bobabili abantu abadala kanye nezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, hhayi kuphela ekwelapheni umkhuhlane, kodwa futhi njengendlela yokuvimbela uma kwenzeka uthintana nesiguli esinomkhuhlane (imvamisa emndenini).
Isidakamizwa singanikezwa ngisho nasezinsaneni, kodwa iminyaka yobudala efinyelela ku-1 i-contraindication eqondile. Ukuyithenga ngendlela efanayo ekhithi yosizo lokuqala yasekhaya ngeke kusebenze - i-Oseltamivir ikhishwa ngokukhethekile ngencwadi kadokotela.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile
Kungani ukungatheleleki akukwazi ukwanda?
Uma kusukela ekuzalweni ingane ibekwe endaweni "eyinyumba", lapho abazali abanakekelayo begeza phansi nge-bleach kabili ngosuku futhi bengavumeli ingane ukuba iphakamise noma yini phansi, ibeke izandla emlonyeni wayo, ihlole umhlaba futhi ukuthintana nezingane, izilwane kanye nemvelo, ukungatheleleki kwezingane ezinjalo ngeke kushukunyiswe futhi kuqiniswe. Bazogula “yikho konke ukuthimula.”
Isimo siyefana nangezifudumezi zokusonga. Ukuqina kwengane kugqokile, kubi kakhulu ukuzivikela kwakhe. Umzimba kufanele ujwayele ukushintsha amazinga okushisa, uqeqeshe umsebenzi we-thermoregulation. Izingane ezihlale zisongwe zigula kakhulu kunalezo ezingagqokile kahle. Ingane, uma ibanda kancane, iqala ukunyakaza futhi ifudumale. Ingane ezisongile ijuluka ishisa kakhulu. Ukushisa ngokweqile kunciphisa ukungatheleleki.
Yini ongayicebisa abazali ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki kwengane?
Ingxenye enkulu yalokho okwenza isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni siqine siwukuhlakanipha. Imithetho elula yokusekela nokuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
1. Fundisa izingane ukuthi zigeza kanjani izandla njalo. Ezandleni zengane ithwala izifo ezingafika ku-80%. Fundisa izingane zakho ukugeza izandla zazo ngemva kokuthimula, ukukhwehlela, ukuhamba ngaphandle, ukuxhumana nezilwane, ngaphambi kokudla nokuya endlini yangasese. Ukugeza izandla ngamanzi afudumele nensipho okungenani imizuzwana engu-20 kungasusa amagciwane namagciwane futhi kunciphise amathuba okungenwa izifo zamaphaphu aze afike ku-45%.
2. Ungeqi isibhamu. Landela iseluleko sikadokotela wezingane uma kuziwa ezinhlelweni zokugoma zezingane. Ukugoma kuqala ebuntwaneni futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube umuntu omdala. Zinqanda isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, upokisi, ukukhwehlela kanye nezinye izifo ezinzima kakhulu ebuntwaneni futhi zithinte kabi amasosha omzimba angavuthiwe, akuqede okwesikhashana. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuthola ingane yakho isibhamu somkhuhlane njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesifuba somoya nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
3. Yenza ukulala kube yinto eza kuqala. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuzivikela komzimba, izingane zidinga ukulala ngokwanele. Izidingo zokulala ubusuku ngabunye zincike eminyakeni yobudala:
• Abafundi basenkulisa (abaneminyaka emi-3-5) kufanele bathole amahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-13.
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kweyi-13 kufanele zilale phakathi kwamahora angu-9 nayi-11.
• Intsha eneminyaka engu-14-17 idinga amahora angu-8 kuya kwangu-10 okulala.
Ukuntuleka kokulala kunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokines, asiza ukulwa nezifo futhi anciphise ukuvuvukala.
4. Khuthaza ukudla okunempilo. Ukudla okunhlobonhlobo nokunempilo kubalulekile emasosheni omzimba wengane yakho. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba “idle uthingo” (ukudla okunemibala ehlukahlukene: izaqathe, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, i-broccoli, njll.) uma kuziwa ezithelweni nemifino, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlanganisa nokusanhlamvu. Nciphisa ukudla okugayiwe. Ukukhetha ukudla okufanele kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola amavithamini anele, anjengovithamini A no-E, abalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esiqinile.
Khumbula ukuthi ezinye zezinto ezibhekwa “njengamakhambi” ajwayelekile okuqinisa amasosha omzimba azisebenzi. Isibonelo, abukho ubufakazi obuqinisekile bokuthi inani elikhulu likavithamini C noma i-echinacea lisiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa imikhuhlane.
Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwengane?
Kuzodingeka futhi uqaphe ngokucophelela ukuhleleka endlini yakho. Kudingeka ukuhlanzwa okuvamile ngokususa uthuli nokupopa, kodwa hhayi ekukhanyeni okuyinyumba. Kungokufanayo nangokuwasha izinto zokulala zengane yakho, amathawula, namaphijama – kuwumsebenzi wamasonto onke. Khumbula ukuthi ukufeza ukuhlanzeka okuphelele nokuvikela ingane emakhazeni ngazo zonke izindlela kubi kakhulu kunokumvumela ukuthi agule. Izingane ezinabazali ababekhathazeke ngokungadingekile ngempilo yazo zigula kaningi futhi kanzima kakhulu.
Imithombo ye
- Ukuzivikela kwengane nezindlela zokuyiqinisa / Sokolova NG, 2010
- Amasosha omzimba asigcina sinempilo. Izindlela zesimanje zokuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokwandisa izivikelo zomzimba / Chudaeva II, Dubin VI, 2012
- Imidlalo yokuthuthukisa impilo yezingane / Galanov AS, 2012