Okokuqala, amaqiniso ambalwa mayelana nokulahleka kokudla ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (FAO):
· Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudla okukhiqizwa emhlabeni kuyamoshwa. Lokhu kulinganiselwa ku-1,3 wamathani okudla ngonyaka.
· Kumoshwa ukudla okulinganiselwa ku-$680 billion minyaka yonke emazweni anezimboni; emazweni asathuthukayo - ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-310 ngonyaka.
· Amazwe anezimboni kanye namazwe asakha imfucuza cishe ngenani elifanayo lokudla - ngokulandelana amathani ayizigidi ezingama-670 kanye nezigidi ezingama-630 ngonyaka.
Izithelo nemifino, kanye nezimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kulahlwa kakhulu.
· Ngomuntu ngamunye, imfucuza yokudla kwabathengi ingu-95-115 kg ngonyaka e-Europe naseNyakatho Melika, kanti abathengi base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara naseNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia bamosha kuphela ama-6-11 kg ngonyaka.
· Ezingeni lokudayisa, ukudla okuningi kuyamoshwa ngoba akubukeki kuphelele ngaphandle. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezithelweni nemifino. Izithelo ezinamaphutha amancane angaphandle azithengwa kalula njengezithelo zomumo nombala "olungile".
· Ukulahlwa kokudla kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokumoshwa kwezinsiza, okuhlanganisa amanzi, umhlaba, amandla, abasebenzi kanye nemali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kokudla kuholela ekukhishweni kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kungenasidingo. Lokhu-ke kunomthelela ekwenyukeni kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
· Sekukonke, ezolimo zibalelwa phakathi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kanye nengxenye eyodwa kwezine yokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. I-FAO ilinganisela ukuthi amagigatonne angu-4,4 e-carbon dioxide amoshwa ekudleni minyaka yonke. Lokho kungaphezu kwawo wonke ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 yaminyaka yonke yase-India futhi kucishe kulingane nokukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa emhlabeni esiphuma ezithuthweni zomgwaqo.
Ngisho noma kungalondolozwa u-25% wakho konke ukudla okumoshiwe, lokho bekuyokwanela ukondla abantu abayizigidi ezingu-870. Njengamanje, abantu abayizigidi ezingama-800 babulawa indlala.
· Unyaka nonyaka sidinga indawo yokulima elinganiselwa ku-14 million square kilometers ukuze sikhiqize ukudla okulahlwayo. Lokhu kungaphansi kancane nje kwengqikithi yendawo yaseRussia.
Emazweni asathuthuka, u-40% wokulahlekelwa kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula imikhiqizo ngemuva kokuvuna. Emazweni athuthukile, ngaphezu kwe-40% yokulahlekelwa kwenzeka ezingeni labathengisi nabathengi. Okusho ukuthi, emazweni acebile, abathengi ngokwabo balahla ukudla (okuvame ukuthintwa). Futhi emazweni ampofu, ukusaphazwa kokudla kuwumphumela wokungaphumeleli kwezolimo, ingqalasizinda empofu kanye nemboni yokupakisha engathuthukile. Ngakho, kungashiwo ukuthi emazweni acebile ukuchuma kuyimbangela yokulahlekelwa ukudla, kuyilapho emazweni ampofu kuwukuntuleka kokuchuma okubangela.
Yini ongayenza?
Indlela yokunciphisa imfucuza yokudla ezingeni lekhishi lakho? Nanka amanye amathiphu awusizo:
· Ungayi ezitolo ungadlile. Ungasebenzisi inqola enkulu esitolo, thatha ubhasikidi esikhundleni salokho.
· Bhala uhlu lwemikhiqizo edingekayo kusengaphambili, uphambuke kulo kancane ngangokunokwenzeka.
· Ngaphambi kokuthenga ukudla okuthengiswayo ngentengo “enhle,” cabanga ukuthi uzokudla ngempela lokhu kudla esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
· Sebenzisa amapuleti amancane. Abantu bavame ukubeka ukudla okuningi emapuletini amakhulu kunalokho abangakudla. Okufanayo kusebenza nasezindaweni zokudlela.
· Uma ungazange udle okuthile endaweni yokudlela, cela ukuthi okusele kupakishwe kuwe.
· Themba ukunambitheka kwakho kanye nephunga lakho ekwahluleleni izinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Abathengi kwesinye isikhathi bacabanga ukuthi ukudla okudala kudliwa akuphephile ukuthi kungadliwa, kodwa lokhu kusebenza kuphela ekudleni okonakalayo (okufana nenyama nenhlanzi).
Funda kabanzi mayelana nesitoreji esifanele.
Indlela yokugcina kahle izithelo nemifino
Uma imifino nezithelo zipakishwe emaphaketheni akhethekile futhi awuhleli ukuzidla ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kungcono ukushiya emaphaketheni. Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina imifino nezithelo endaweni efanele. Ezinye izinhlobo zigcinwa kangcono esiqandisini, kanti ezinye zigcinwa kangcono ngaphandle kwesiqandisi.
Gcina utamatisi ngaphandle kwesiqandisi endaweni epholile, eyomile. Ngendlela, yidla utamatisi ovuthiwe kuphela. Utamatisi ongavuthiwe uqukethe ubuthi be-tomatine, obungaba yingozi empilweni.
U-anyanisi uthatha ngokushesha umswakama futhi ubole, ngakho uwagcine endaweni eyomile. Ngendlela, u-anyanisi nawo uthatha ama-flavour, kuhlanganise nephunga likagalikhi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwagcina ngokwehlukana.
Izaqathi zasebusika, i-parsnip, nezimpande zesilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi ziphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kungcono ukuwagcina endaweni eyomile ku-12-15 ° C.
Amazambane agcinwa kangcono endaweni emnyama, epholile.
Gcina ama-eggplant, ukhukhamba, nopelepele ngaphandle kwesiqandisi, kodwa kude notamatisi nezithelo. Ama-eggplant azwela kakhulu i-ethylene, igesi ekhiqizwa ubhanana, amapheya, ama-apula notamatisi. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-ethylene, ama-eggplant ambozwa amachashazi amnyama futhi abe muncu ekunambithekeni.
Ukhukhamba omile esiqandisini. Ngokuvamile ukhukhamba athengiswa ngefilimu. Ungayisusi ngoba yelula impilo yeshalofu cishe isonto.
Imifino enamahlamvu, njenge-ulethisi ne-chicory, nemifino ye-cruciferous (i-cauliflower, i-broccoli, amahlumela aseBrussels, i-daikon, i-radishes, i-turnips) igcinwa kangcono esiqandisini.
Okufanayo kuya ngeziqu ze-celery nama-leeks.
Ulamula nezinye izithelo ezisawolintshi zigcinwa kahle endaweni emnyama ngaphandle kwesiqandisi. Isilinganiso sempilo yeshelufu yezithelo ezisawolintshi izinsuku eziyi-14.
Ubhanana nezinye izithelo ezingavamile zihlushwa amakhaza. Uma zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-7 ° C, khona-ke ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana kuqala, isithelo kancane kancane silahlekelwa umswakama futhi singase sibole.
Amagilebhisi angcono kakhulu agcinwe esiqandisini. Lapho izohlala isesimweni esisebenzisekayo izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, futhi iphume esiqandisini - izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine kuphela. Gcina amagilebhisi esikhwameni sephepha noma epuletini.
Ama-apula azohlala amasonto amathathu isikhathi eside esiqandisini kunangaphandle kwesiqandisi.
Imifino nezithelo eziqotshiwe kufanele zihlale zigcinwe esiqandisini. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Indlela yokugcina imikhiqizo yobisi
I-cottage cheese, ubisi, iyogathi neminye imikhiqizo yobisi inedethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Kuze kube yilolu suku, umenzi uqinisekisa ikhwalithi enhle. Ngemuva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ingase ibe mbi. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yobisi ivame ukufaneleka ukusetshenziswa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kosuku olukhonjiswe ephaketheni. Sebenzisa ukubona kwakho, ukuhogela, nokunambitha ukuze ubone ukuthi umkhiqizo usemuhle yini. I-yogurt evuliwe ingagcinwa esiqandisini cishe izinsuku ezingu-5-7, ubisi - izinsuku ezingu-3-5.
Nokho, kuthiwani ngesikhunta? Ingabe ukudla okukhuntile ngokwengxenye kungahlengwa?
Isikhunta “sinhle” futhi siyingozi. Eyokuqala isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ushizi njengoGorgonzola noBrie. Lesi sikhunta singadliwa. Isikhunta esihle sihlanganisa ne-penicillin. Isikhunta esisele siyingozi, noma siyingozi kakhulu. Kuyingozi kakhulu ukufaka isikhunta esisanhlamvu, amantongomane, amantongomane kanye nommbila.
Yini okufanele uyenze uma isikhunta sandile ekudleni? Okunye ukudla kungahlengwa kancane, kodwa okuningi kufanele kulahlwe. Ungagcina ushizi onzima (i-parmesan, i-cheddar) nemifino eqinile nezithelo (izaqathe, iklabishi). Sika yonke indawo engcoliswe isikhunta, futhi okungenani isentimitha elilodwa ngaphezulu. Faka ukudla okugayiwe ezitsheni ezihlanzekile noma ephepheni. Kodwa isinkwa esikhuntile, imikhiqizo yobisi ethambile, izithelo ezithambile nemifino, ujamu kanye nezinto ezilondolozayo kuyodingeka zilahlwe.
Khumbula okulandelayo. Inhlanzeko iyisici esibalulekile ekunciphiseni isikhunta. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta ezivela ekudleni okungcolile zingasakazeka kalula esiqandisini sakho, amathawula ekhishi, njll. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuhlanza ingaphakathi lesiqandisi njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngesisombululo se-baking soda (isipuni esingu-1 engilazini yamanzi). Gcina okosula, amathawula, izipontshi, ama-mops kuhlanzekile. Iphunga elibi lisho ukuthi isikhunta sihlala kuzo. Lahla zonke izinto zasekhishini ezingakwazi ukuwashwa ngokuphelele.