Indlela yokuboleka ifulethi futhi uthole imali ngo-2022: imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngezeluleko zochwepheshe

Kulandela isimo somnotho, amabhange ayathambisa noma aqinise inqubomgomo yawo yezikweletu. Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, imali mboleko yakhishwa ngokucophelela: ivikelekile noma iqinisekisiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela izikhungo eziningi zezimali ezincane, futhi inani lemalimboleko namakhadi esikweletu akhishiwe nawo anda. Izinga lezidingo zababolekayo lehlile.

Kodwa ukuntengantenga komnotho eminyakeni yamuva kuphoqa amabhange kanye nabanye ababolekisi ukuthi baphinde bakhethe futhi. Ngo-2022, okuwukuphela kwendlela eqinisekile yokuthola imalimboleko ukuboleka ifulethi futhi uthole imali ngokushesha.

Salungiselela imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo futhi sakhuluma nochwepheshe mayelana nendlela yokwenza yonke into ngendlela efanele.

Into eyinhloko mayelana nesibambiso sefulethi

Izidingo ze-mortgage yezindlu

Ezweni Lethu, azikho izidingo ezifanayo zokubolekwa kwendlu - hhayi ngesakhiwo uqobo, noma somuntu ofuna ukwamukela imali. Ababolekisi baqondiswa kuphela izintshisekelo zabo zezezimali nokuhlola ubungozi.

Isibonelo, ibhange elilodwa alisoze lathatha indawo yokuhlala e-ZATO njengesibambiso, ngoba lawa amadolobha avaliwe. Uma umboleki engakwazi ukubuyisela imali, ifulethi kuzodingeka lidayiswe futhi kuyoba nzima ukwenza kanjalo. Futhi kubalulekile ukuthi umbolekisi athole imali yakhe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Elinye ibhange lingase lamukele ifulethi elinjalo, kodwa linikeze inani eliphakeme kakhulu futhi linikeze imali engaphansi kwezindleko zezindlu.

Isithombe esivumelekile somboleki siphinde sihluke kumbolekisi ngamunye. Amabhange amakhulu angase enqabe uma umuntu engenawo umsebenzi waphakade nemali engenayo. Noma nikeza imigomo engathandeki kakhulu. Imifelandawonye yezikweletu kanye nabathengi nabatshalizimali abazimele, ngokuphambene nalokho, ababalulekile kangako ekuhloleni umfakisicelo imali.

Sihlaziye ukunikezwa kwabakweletwayo ngo-2022 futhi sathola izidingo "zezibalo ezimaphakathi" zesibambiso sefulethi Ezweni Lethu.

Ifulethi lisedolobheni lapho kukhona ihhovisi elimele umbolekisi. Uma ibhange (yize kungelona kuphela elingamukela izindlu njengesibambiso) lingenawo amagatsha namagatsha endaweni yakini, ifulethi elinjalo cishe ngeke licatshangelwe. Isizathu silula: uma umboleki engakwazi ukukhokha isikweletu, kuzodingeka akhishwe, aboshwe, futhi adayiswe. Lezi yizindleko zomboleki, ikakhulukazi uma ezinze kwelinye idolobha.

Isimo sefulethi. Umbolekisi ngeke abheke amaphephadonga amasha namafasitela acwebezeliswe kabili. Yiqiniso, uma indlu ngemuva komlilo, i-illiquid. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ifenisha enhle kanye nesethi entsha yekhishi ayithinti izindleko. Phela ifulethi elibolekwayo, okungenzeka ukuthi lidayiswe ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile kwabakweletayo ukuthi indlu ayiphuthumi, igugile. Kunezidingo zenani lezitezi kanye nenani lamafulethi. Isibonelo, izindlu ezinezitezi ezimbili ezinamafulethi ayisithupha - ezinjalo zakhiwa eminyakeni yokuqala yeSoviet - aziweli ngaphansi kwemibandela yababolekisi abaningi. Uma indlu inezitezi zokhuni - futhi, cishe, ibheyili akuyona inketho.

Konke ukuxhumana kumele kusebenze: igesi, ugesi, ukufudumeza kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Ukuthuthukiswa kabusha okungekho emthethweni ngokuvamile akuvunyelwe. Isibonelo, uma udonga phakathi kwekhishi negumbi ludilizwa efulethini elinesitofu segesi, lokhu kubalulekile. Kodwa uma kuphela i-pantry yenziwe kabusha, khona-ke kungokokubona kwebhange. Ukuthuthukiswa okusemthethweni ku-BTI kwamukelekile.

Umabolekisi wazi kanjani ukuthi ifulethi liwuketshezi? Kulula: uzodinga uku-oda ukuhlolwa. Lena isevisi ekhokhelwayo. Ezweni Lethu, izindleko ezimaphakathi zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-5-15. Uchwepheshe uzofika, athathe izithombe, abhale isiphetho - i-albhamu yokuhlola. Umhloli uzobonisa izindleko ezijwayelekile zokuthengisa indlu, ngesisekelo lapho ibhange lizofinyelela khona iziphetho mayelana nobukhulu bemali mboleko.

Isisekelo sobunikazi. Kalula nje, ulithole kanjani leli fulethi. Isisekelo esikahle somboleki yinkontileka yokuthengisa. Okusho ukuthi, wake wathenga indlu ngokwakho, futhi manje usufuna ukuyiboleka. Noma wenze ifulethi elizimele. Khumbula ukuthi ukwenziwa kwangasese kwaqala ngo-1991.

Bayawaxwaya amafulethi atholwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano somnikelo nanjengefa. Ikakhulukazi uma ifulethi lisanda kuthuthela kuwe. Kungazelelwe, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kuzodalulwa isizinda sobugebengu noma sokwahlulela? Isibonelo, kuzoba nezindlalifa ezinganakwanga izithakazelo zazo ngesikhathi kuhlukaniswa impahla.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amafulethi anjalo asamukelwa, kodwa acelwa ukuba akhiphe umshwalense wetayitela. Ngaphansi komgomo onjalo, inkampani yomshuwalense ithembisa ukukhokha imali yefulethi uma kungazelelwe kudluliswa isivumelwano somnikelo noma ifa enkantolo.

Amafulethi aboshiwe nalawo okusayinwe kuwo isivumelwano somnikelo awafanelekile. Inkantolo ingalithatha ifulethi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umnikazi wayo, isibonelo, ehileleka ecaleni lobugebengu. Noma beqoqa izikweletu kuye. Umbolekisi ngeke athathe indawo yokuhlala osekwenziwe isivumelwano somnikelo.

Isikhathi esiningi abawamukeli amafulethi aqashwayo. Kodwa umbolekisi akakwazi ukuthola ngalokhu - thatha izwi lakho ngakho. Enye into ukuthi uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo, lokhu kungase kungadlali ngenxa yakho. Ake sithi uyibambise ngendlu futhi uyifake umshwalense, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo uyiqashisa kubaqashi. Bavuze igesi kanti nendlu yonakala. Ifulethi belisetshenziswa abanye abantu kanti inkampani yomshwalense izonqaba ukukhokha isinxephezelo.

Izidingo zababolekayo

Uma ufuna ukuthola imali evikelwe yifulethi, umbolekisi uzophinde ahlole wena njengomboleki. Amabhange anemibandela eqinile.

Ubudala. Ezimweni eziningi, isakhamuzi singachitha impahla yaso kusukela eminyakeni engu-18. Kukhona okuhlukile kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-16, uma ukukhululwa kwamukelwa yinkantolo - okungukuthi, umuntu uthathwa njengomuntu onekhono ngokugcwele, okusho ukuthi ukhululekile. angachitha impahla, kuhlanganise nokwenza isithembiso.

Kodwa-ke, lapho ekhipha imali ebolekiwe, amabhange akhulisa ubuncane beminyaka yomboleki. Ibha ephansi ngokuvamile ineminyaka engu-20-21 ubudala. Ibha engenhla ibanzi impela - kusukela eminyakeni engama-65 kuye kwengama-85. Ngalesi sikhathi, imalimboleko kufanele isivele ivaliwe ngokuphelele.

Isibonelo. Umhlali wasedolobheni oneminyaka engu-50 ufuna ukuboleka indawo yokuhlala bese ebuyisela imali ebhange iminyaka engu-20. Kodwa-ke, ibhange liboleka kuphela ababoleki abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Okusho ukuthi, kuzodingeka ubolekwe iminyaka eyi-15 kuphela noma ufune elinye ibhange.

Ulwazi lomsebenzi kanye nemali engenayo.  I-Credit consumer cooperatives (CPC) kanye nabatshalizimali abazimele bathembeke ngangokunokwenzeka kulabo abafuna ukubambisa ngendlu ukuze bathole imali. Amabhange aphinde abaluleke kakhulu kulesi sici. Lungiselela isitifiketi se-2-NDFL (ngemali engenayo), udinga ukuqashwa endaweni yokugcina okungenani izinyanga ezi-3-6. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhange ayaqonda ukuthi akuwona wonke asebenza ngokusemthethweni. Ngakho-ke, bangavuma ukwamukela isitatimende sakho sasebhange njengenye indlela. Isitatimende kufanele sibonise ukuthi umboleki uthola imali ngokujwayelekile nokuthi unemali kuma-akhawunti akhe.

Umlando wesikweletu. Okokuqala, amabhange ayayinaka - i-CPC nayo ibhekile. Umlando wezikweletu ugcinwa kuma-bureau akhethekile. Badlulisa ulwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izikweletu ezibhaliselwe lo muntu, noma ngabe izinkokhelo zenziwa ngesikhathi. 

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokuboleka ifulethi

1. Khetha umbolekisi

Inketho iphakathi kwamabhange, i-credit consumer cooperative (CPC) noma umtshali-zimali ozimele. Ngamunye unezinzuzo kanye nokubi, esizoxoxa ngakho ngezansi.

2. Lungiselela imibhalo

Ukuze uboleke ifulethi uzodinga:

• gcwalisa ifomu lesicelo (umbolekisi ngamunye unefomu lakhe);
• ipasipoti yoqobo enokubhaliswa;
• idokhumenti yesibili (i-SNILS, ilayisense yokushayela, i-TIN, i-ID yezempi, ipasipoti, futhi ngezinye izikhathi konke ngesikhathi esisodwa - umbolekisi ngamunye unezidingo zakhe);
• 2-NDFL isitifiketi semali engenayo (ungasicela emnyangweni wezezimali noma usilande ku-akhawunti yakho yomuntu siqu kuwebhusayithi yesevisi yentela - okokuqala, ngamabhange akucelayo);
• ikhophi yencwadi yomsebenzi noma okukhishwe kuyo (amabhange nawo ayabuza);
• uma ushadile futhi ungangenanga esivumelwaneni somshado, ngokusho ukuthi umlingani (a) akanayo indawo yokuhlala futhi engenzi njengomboleki ohlangene ngemali mboleko, udinga isitifiketi esivela ehhovisi lokubhalisa;
• ukuqinisekiswa kobunikazi befulethi: inkontileka yokuthengisa, isiqephu esivela ku-USRN, isitifiketi sefa, isivumelwano somnikelo noma isinqumo senkantolo.

3. Qonda umshwalense kanye nokulinganisa

Okokuqala nje, umbolekisi uzocela ukuhlolwa kwefulethi. Umthetho awuphoqi ukwenza lokhu, kodwa ekusebenzeni le nqubo cishe yenziwa njalo. Akunakwenzeka ukukholelwa izwi lomboleki ukuthi ifulethi lakhe libiza inani elithile. Izinkampani zokuhlola zisebenza ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kwalokho, hlola ukuthi ingabe iyiphi inkampani ehlolayo ifanelekile noma ivela kuphela kulabo abagunyazwe yibhange noma i-CPC. Uchwepheshe uzofika, enze i-albhamu yokuhlola (ngokwesilinganiso ezinsukwini ezingu-1-3) futhi abhale isiphetho ngezindleko zezindlu.

Ngemva kwalokho, umbolekisi uzokwazi ukumemezela inani alungele ukunikeza ngesibambiso. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi akekho ozonikeza i-100% yenani lefulethi ngesikweletu. Hhayi-ke, uma benikeza i-80-90% yenani lemakethe. Isibonelo, umhloli wabhala ukuthi indawo ibiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-10. Umbolekisi uyavuma ukunikeza i-75% yalesi samba, okungukuthi, ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-7,5. Khumbula ukuthi umbolekisi akayena umthengi wefulethi. Unomsebenzi ohlukile: ukunikeza imali, ukuthola imali, futhi uma kukhona okungahambi kahle, ngokushesha uthengise isibambiso bese ubuyisela esakhe.

Ngaphambi kokuthengiselana, kuzodingeka uvumelane ngomshuwalense wefulethi. Inkampani yomshwalense kumele iqinisekise ukuthi isikulungele ukufaka umshwalense wento kanye nempilo yomboleki. Ngokusemthethweni, noma iyiphi inkampani ifanelekile. Kodwa-ke, ababolekisi bavame ukukhombisa inqwaba yabashwalensi abasebenza nabo. Uma ukhetha enye inkampani, isicelo singase sibhekwe isikhathi eside noma senqatshwe ngaphandle kwencazelo.

Umboleki akadingeki ukuthi aqinisekise isihloko (sikhulume ngale sevisi ngenhla). Kodwa umbolekisi, futhi, kulokhu, angase anqabe noma anyuse izinga.

4. Bhalisa isibambiso

Kulesi sigaba, umbuso, omelwe nguRosreestr, uhilelekile kuleli cala. Lo mnyango unomthwalo wemfanelo wokubala umhlaba kanye nezakhiwo ezweni. Akusho lutho kuye ukuthi uboleka ngani futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Usebenza njengohlobo lwesiqiniseko sokuhlanzeka kokuthengiselana. Kuleyo ngxenye yayo ukuthi kusukela manje ku-USRN eduze nefulethi lakho kuzoba nesithiyo. Isitatimende sizokhombisa ukuthi ifulethi lithenjisiwe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe izingxabano esikhathini esizayo.

5. Imibandela yokugunyazwa kwemali mboleko kanye nokwamukela imali

Ngokwesilinganiso, yonke inqubo ithatha izinsuku eziyi-14. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ungajahi ndawo, kodwa ungalibali ukuqoqwa kwamadokhumenti. Ake sibheke ukuthi lesi sikhathi senziwe ngani:

• ukugunyazwa kwangaphambili kwesicelo ngumbolekisi - ngo-2022 kuthatha amahora ambalwa ngisho nemizuzu;
• ukuvunyelwa kwesicelo - kuze kube yizinsuku ezinhlanu, inqubo ende kunazo zonke isemabhange, kulesi sigaba udinga ukunikeza wonke amadokhumenti;
• umshwalense nokulinganisa - izinkampani zisebenza ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha, sizothatha izinsuku ezinhlanu kulezi zinqubo;
• ukubhaliswa kwesibambiso e-Rosreestr - izinsuku ezinhlanu zokusebenza kusukela ngosuku lokutholwa kwesicelo kanye nemibhalo enamathiselwe kuso, lapho kubhaliswa nge-MFC - izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokusebenza, nakuba wonke umuntu angayisebenzisa ngokushesha;
• ukuthola imali - ngokushesha ngemva kokubhaliswa kwesibambiso.

Ikuphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokuqasha ifulethi?

1. Amabhange

Inketho enenzuzo kakhulu ngokwemibandela yamazinga. Izoba ngaphansi kwe-CPC nakubatshalizimali. Kodwa ukuboleka ifulethi futhi uthole imali kuyinto enzima kakhulu. Ngoba bacabangela umboleki ngokucophelela: isitatimende semali engenayo, incwadi yomsebenzi, umlando wesikweletu. Ungenza ngaphandle kwalo, kodwa-ke izinga lizoba ngaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokugunyazwa ngamabhange liphansi kakhulu. Ngeke uthole imali ngokushesha.

2. Abatshalizimali abazimele

Ngo-2022, abatshalizimali bangakhipha imali ngebheyili kuphela kosomabhizinisi ngabanye nezinhlangano ezisemthethweni zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi. Abavunyelwe ukuboleka izakhamuzi ezivamile.

Uma unosomabhizinisi oyedwa noma i-LLC kanye nefulethi elifanele ibheyili, ungathola imalimboleko kumtshali-zimali. Lona ngumuntu ojwayelekile onentshisekelo yokwenza imali engenayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, angakwazi ukusebenzisa umthengisi, inkampani yokuphatha ehambisana nohlangothi olusemthethweni lomsebenzi.

Abatshalizimali banenzalo ephezulu yemali ebolekiwe kunamabhange nama-CPC. Kodwa ungathola imali ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

3. Okunye ongakhetha kukho

Izinhlangano zezezimali ezincane, nazo zingama-MFI noma “imali esheshayo” azikwazi ukwamukela amafulethi njengesibambiso. Umthetho uyakwenqabela. Ama-pawnshops nawo awathathi izindlu. Kusele ama-CPC kuphela – amadlelandawonye omthengi wezikweletu. Irejista yabo ikusizindalwazi seBhange Elikhulu¹. Uma inkampani ingekho ohlwini, ungasebenzi nayo.

I-CPC iboleka kuphela abaninimasheya bayo. Ngamazinga esimanje, ifomethi ibonakala iyi-archaic. Phela, ekuqaleni, ama cooperatives asungulwa njenge "mutual aid funds". Okusho ukuthi, iqembu labantu liyahlangana futhi linqume: ake sengeze imali esikhwameni esisodwa, futhi uma omunye wabanikazi bamasheya edinga izimali, sizomnika imali mboleko. Futhi sizosiza umuntu, futhi sizozitholela imali ngokwethu.

Ama-PDA esimanje asebenza ngendlela efanayo, kuphela amukela cishe wonke umuntu njengomnikazi wamasheya, futhi awudingi ukukhokha imali yokujoyina. Okusho ukuthi, umboleki uyamukelwa kumfelandawonye, ​​anikeze imali mboleko evikelekile, futhi ukhokha imali ku-CCP. Ngokushesha nje lapho eqeda isikweletu, angahamba. 

Imifelandawonye ithembekile ngangokunokwenzeka esithombeni somboleki futhi inikeza imvume ngokushesha kunamabhange. Kodwa amaphesenti abo aphezulu.

Imibandela yokukhokhwa kwe-mortgage yefulethi

Yonke imibandela icacisiwe esivumelwaneni semalimboleko. Azihlukile kakhulu emalimboleko evamile. Izinkokhelo kufanele zenziwe njalo ngenyanga ngezinsuku ezithile. Ungakwazi ukukhokha imali ebolekiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngaphandle kwenhlawulo. Lapho isikweletu sesikhokhiwe, idiphozi yesibambiso iyasuswa efulethini.

Ibhange linelungelo lokuthatha indawo uma umboleki ephuze ukukhokha okungenani ngosuku kathathu ngonyaka. Usongo lwangempela lokushiywa dengwane kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni, kuhlanganise nengane engaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.

Ngenkathi ukhokha isikweletu, awukwazi ukwenza lutho ngefulethi ngaphandle kwemvume yombolekisi. Ungaphila, ulungise nezimonyo. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kabusha, ukudayiswa nokuqashwa - kuphela ngemvume yomnikazi wesibambiso.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezidumile

Uphendula imibuzo Ummeli we-GLS Invest Management Company (GLS INVEST) u-Alexander Morev.

Imithombo ye:

1. Iwebhusayithi yeCentral Bank. https://www.cbr.ru/hd_base/KeyRate/
2. Federal Law No. 16.07.1998-FZ kaJulayi 102, 26.03.2022 (njengoba uchitshiyelwe ngomhla ka-Mashi 01.05.2022, 19396) “Nge-Mortgage (Pledge of Real Estate)” (njengoba kushintshiwe futhi kwengezwe, kusukela ngoMeyi 8, 3) . http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_17125/b9eebfdbd17ea0ea7b0420dc375c19dXNUMXfXNUMXfXNUMX/.