Emhlabeni wonke, kumoshwa amathani okudla angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1,3 minyaka yonke. Ukondla abalambile emhlabeni abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1 kungenziwa ngokudla okungaphansi kwengxenye yesine okulahlwa ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza e-US naseYurophu.
Ku-World Economic Forum yakamuva, ukunciphisa ukulahlwa kokudla kuye kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka kuqashelwe njengenye yezenzo eziyi-12 ezingasiza ekuguquleni izinhlelo zokudla emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030.
Futhi iSouth Korea ihambe phambili, manje isigaya kabusha kuze kufike ku-95% wokulahlwa kokudla kwayo.
Kodwa izinkomba ezinjalo zazingekho njalo eNingizimu Korea. Izidlo zaseceleni eziphuza emlonyeni ezihambisana nokudla kwendabuko kwaseNingizimu Korea, i-panchang, ngokuvamile azidliwa, okunomthelela ekulahlekeni kokudla okuphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Umuntu ngamunye eNingizimu Korea ukhiqiza ngaphezu kwe-130 kg yemfucuza yokudla ngonyaka.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, imfucuza yokudla ngomuntu ngamunye eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika iphakathi kuka-95 no-115 kg ngonyaka, ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene. Kodwa uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea uthathe izinyathelo ezinqala zokulahla lezi zintaba zokudla okungenamsoco.
Emuva ngo-2005, iNingizimu Korea yavala ukulahlwa kokudla ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, kwathi ngo-2013 uhulumeni wethula ukugaywa kabusha okuyimpoqo kokulahlwa kokudla kusetshenziswa izikhwama ezikhethekile ezibolayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, imuli yabane ikhokha i-$6 ngenyanga ngalezi zikhwama, okukhuthaza abantu ukuthi benze umquba wasendlini.
Imali yesikhwama iphinde ihlanganise amaphesenti angama-60 ezindleko zokuqhuba lolu hlelo, osenyuse udoti wokudla osekugaywe kabusha kusukela ku-2% ngo-1995 kuya ku-95% namuhla. Uhulumeni ukugunyazile ukusetshenziswa kukadoti wokudla osekugaywe kabusha njengomanyolo, nakuba okunye kuba ukudla kwezilwane.
Iziqukathi ezihlakaniphile
Ubuchwepheshe bubambe iqhaza elikhulu empumelelweni yalolu hlelo. Enhlokodolobha yezwe, iSeoul, kufakwe iziqukathi ezizenzakalelayo ezingama-6000 ezifakwe izikali kanye ne-RFID. Imishini edayisayo ikala imfucuza yokudla engenayo bese ikhokhisa izakhamuzi ngamakhadi azo omazisi. Imishini yokuthengisa yehlise umthamo wokulahlwa kokudla edolobheni ngamathani angu-47 eminyakeni eyisithupha, ngokusho kwezikhulu zedolobha.
Izakhamizi zikhuthazwa kakhulu ukuthi zehlise isisindo semfucuza ngokususa umswakama kuyo. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zabo zokulahla imfucuza—imfucumfucu yokudla iqukethe cishe umswakama ongu-80%—kodwa futhi konga idolobha amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-8,4 emalini yokuqoqwa kwemfucuza.
Imfucuza eqoqwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwezikhwama ezibolayo iyacindezelwa endaweni yokucubungula ukuze kukhishwe umswakama osele, osetshenziselwa ukwakha i-biogas kanye ne-biooil. Imfucuza eyomile iguqulwa ibe umanyolo, obuye usize ukukhuthaza umnyakazo okhulayo wokulima emadolobheni.
Amapulazi edolobha
Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa edlule, inani lamapulazi asemadolobheni nesimu yezithelo eSeoul liye landa ngokuphindwe kasithupha. Manje sebengamahektha ayi-170 - ubukhulu bezinkundla zebhola ezibalelwa ku-240. Iningi lazo litholakala phakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma ophahleni lwezikole nezakhiwo zikamasipala. Elinye ipulazi litholakala ngisho nangaphansi kwesakhiwo esinamafulethi futhi lisetshenziselwa ukutshala amakhowe.
Uhulumeni wedolobha ukhokha amaphesenti angama-80 kuye kwayi-100 wezindleko zokuqala. Abasekeli balolu hlelo bathi amapulazi asemadolobheni awagcini nje ngokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yendawo, kodwa futhi ahlanganisa abantu emiphakathini, kuyilapho abantu bevame ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi bebodwa. Idolobha lihlela ukufaka amakhompiyutha emfucuza yokudla ukuze asekele amapulazi edolobha.
Ngakho-ke, iSouth Korea yenze inqubekelaphambili enkulu - kodwa kuthiwani nge-panchang, noma kunjalo? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, abantu baseNingizimu Korea akukho okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokushintsha indlela abadla ngayo uma ngempela behlose ukulwa nokusaphazwa kokudla.
UKim Mi-hwa, uSihlalo weKorea Zero Waste Network: “Kunomkhawulo wokuthi kungakanani okulahlwa kokudla okungasetshenziswa njengomanyolo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka kube noshintsho endleleni esidla ngayo, njengokuthuthela esikweni lesidlo esisodwa njengakwamanye amazwe, noma okungenani sinciphise inani lama-panchang ahambisana nokudla.”