Indlela umbala oyithinta ngayo imizwelo yethu

Namuhla siyaqonda ukuthi umbala uthinta kanjani umbono wethu ngezwe. Kodwa emakhulwini amabili eminyaka adlule lokhu kwakungabonakali. Omunye wabantu bokuqala ukuthatha ithiyori yemibala ngokungathi sína kwakungu-Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Ngo-1810 washicilela imfundiso yakhe yombala, isithelo samashumi ambalwa eminyaka wokusebenza kanzima.

Ngokumangalisayo, wabeka lo msebenzi ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yakhe yobunkondlo, ekholelwa ukuthi «izimbongi ezinhle» zazingaphambi kwakhe futhi zizoba ngemva kwakhe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uyena yedwa ekhulwini lakhe leminyaka, «owazi iqiniso kunzima kakhulu. isayensi yemfundiso yombala» .

Yiqiniso, izazi ze- physics zaziwungabaza umsebenzi wakhe, ziwubheka njengobunganekwane. Kodwa "Imfundiso Yombala" yaziswa kakhulu izazi zefilosofi, kusukela ku-Arthur Schopenhauer kuya kuLudwig Wittgenstein.

Eqinisweni, i-psychology yombala isuka kulo msebenzi.

UGoethe waba ngowokuqala ukukhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi «imibala ethile idala izimo ezikhethekile zengqondo», ehlaziya lo mphumela kokubili njengesazi semvelo nanjengembongi.

Futhi nakuba phakathi neminyaka engu-200 edlule, i-psychology kanye ne-neuroscience yenze intuthuko enkulu ekutadisheni lesi sihloko, ukutholwa kukaGoethe kusabalulekile futhi kusetshenziswa kabanzi ngabasebenza, isibonelo, ekunyatheliseni, ekudwebeni, ekuklanyeni nasekulapheni ubuciko.

UGoethe uhlukanisa imibala ibe «positive» — ophuzi, obomvu-ophuzi, ophuzi-bomvu, futhi «negative» — blue, red-blue and blue-red. Imibala yeqembu lokuqala, uyabhala, idala umoya ojabulisayo, othakazelisayo, osebenzayo, owesibili - ongaphumuli, othambile futhi odabukisayo. U-Goethe ubheka okuluhlaza njengombala ongathathi hlangothi. Nansi indlela ayichaza ngayo imibala.

Yellow

“Ekuhlanzekeni kwawo okuphezulu, okuphuzi kuhlale kunemvelo ekhanyayo futhi kuhlukaniswa nokucaca, ukujabula nokuthandeka okuthambile.

Kulesi sigaba, kuyajabulisa njengendawo ezungezile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyizingubo, amakhethini, iphepha lodonga. Igolide elisesimweni esihlanzekile ngokuphelele lisinika, ikakhulukazi uma kwengezwa ubuhlakani, umbono omusha nophakeme walo mbala wama-XNUMXbuXNUMX; ngokufanayo, i-tint ephuzi ekhanyayo, evela kusilika ocwebezelayo, ngokwesibonelo, ku-satin, yenza umbono omuhle kakhulu futhi omuhle.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi okuphuzi kwenza umbono ofudumele futhi omnandi. Ngakho-ke, ekudwebeni, kuhambisana nohlangothi olukhanyisiwe nolusebenzayo lwesithombe.

Lo mbono ofudumele ungazwakala ngokucace kakhulu lapho ubuka indawo ethile ngengilazi ephuzi, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku zasebusika ezimpunga. Iso liyojabula, inhliziyo iyonwebeka, umphefumulo uyojabula ngokwengeziwe; kubonakala sengathi imfudumalo ivunguza ngqo kithi.

Uma lo mbala ekuhlanzekeni nasekucaceni kwawo ujabulisa futhi ujabule, ngamandla awo agcwele unokuthile okujabulisayo nokuhloniphekile, ngakho-ke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzwela kakhulu futhi unikeza umbono ongemuhle uma ungcolile noma ngezinga elithile liguquliwe. maqondana namathoni abandayo. . Ngakho-ke, umbala wesulfure, okhipha okuluhlaza, unokuthile okungathandeki.

ophuzi obomvu

“Njengoba ungekho umbala ongabhekwa njengongashintshile, ophuzi, ujiyile futhi ube mnyama, ungaqina ube bomvu. Amandla ombala akhula, futhi abonakala enamandla kakhulu futhi emuhle kulo mthunzi. Konke esikushilo mayelana nokuphuzi kusebenza lapha, kuphela ngezinga eliphezulu.

Okubomvu-ophuzi, empeleni, kunikeza iso umuzwa wokufudumala nokuthokoza, okubonisa kokubili umbala wokushisa okukhulu kakhulu kanye nokukhanya okuthambile kokushona kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, muhle nasezindaweni ezizungezile futhi uyajabula noma umuhle ngezingubo.

Okuphuzi-bomvu

“Njengoba nje umbala ophuzi udlula kalula ubebomvu-ophuzi, nowokugcina ukhuphuka ngokungenakuvinjelwa ube obomvu ngokuphuzi. Umuzwa omnandi wenjabulo wokuthi okubomvu-ophuzi kusinikeza amandla angenakubekezelelwa ngokubomvu okuphuzi okukhanyayo.

Uhlangothi olusebenzayo lufinyelela amandla alo aphakeme kakhulu lapha, futhi akumangazi ukuthi abantu abanomdlandla, abanempilo, abaqinile bajabulela ikakhulukazi lo pende. Ukuthambekela kukho kutholakala yonke indawo phakathi kwabantu abanonya. Futhi lapho izingane, zishiywe zodwa, ziqala ukufaka umbala, aziyigodli i-cinnabar ne-minium.

Kwanele ukubhekisisa indawo ephuzi ebomvu ngokuphelele, ukuze kubonakale sengathi lo mbala ushaye iso lethu ngempela. Idala ukushaqeka okumangalisayo futhi igcina lo mphumela ufike ezingeni elithile lokuba mnyama.

Ukukhombisa iduku eliphuzi nelibomvu kuyaphazamisa futhi kwenza izilwane zithukuthele. Ngangazi nabantu abafundile okwathi uma liguqubele bengakwazi ukubekezelela ukubuka umuntu ogqoke ingubo ebomvu lapho behlangana.

Blue

“Njengoba okuphuzi kuhlale kuletha ukukhanya ngakho, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kungathiwa luhlala luletha into emnyama nalo.

Lo mbala unomphumela oyinqaba futhi ocishe ungaqondakali emehlweni. Njengombala kungamandla; kodwa limi ohlangothini olubi, futhi ekuhlanzekeni kwalo okukhulu, njengokungathi, liyize eliyaluzayo. Ihlanganisa uhlobo oluthile lokungqubuzana kwenjabulo nokuphumula.

Njengoba sibona ukuphakama kwezulu nebanga lezintaba njengokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanjalo nobuso obuluhlaza bubonakala busuka kithi.

Njengoba nje siphishekela ngokuzithandela into emnandi esiphunyukayo, kanjalo sibheka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, hhayi ngoba siphishekela kithi, kodwa ngoba sisidonsa kanye nakho.

Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusenza sizizwe sigodola, njengoba nje kusikhumbuza ngesithunzi. Amakamelo, aqedwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abonakala ngokwezinga elithile evulekile, kodwa, empeleni, angenalutho futhi ebanda.

Ngeke kuthiwe ayijabulisi uma imibala emihle yengezwa ngezinga elithile kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umbala oluhlaza wegagasi lolwandle kunalokho upende omnandi.

Okubomvu okwesibhakabhaka

“Oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lubonakala luthambile lube bomvu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela luthola okuthile okusebenzayo, nakuba lusehlangothini lokungenzi lutho. Kodwa imvelo yesasasa eliyidalayo lihluke ngokuphelele kulokho okubomvu-ophuzi - akuphilisi kangako njengoba kubangela ukukhathazeka.

Njengoba nje ukukhula kombala ngokwawo kungenakuvinjelwa, ngakho-ke umuntu angathanda ukuqhubeka nalo mbala ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa hhayi ngendlela efanayo ne-red-yellow, ehlala ehamba phambili ngenkuthalo, kodwa ukuze athole indawo lapho wayengaphumula.

Ngefomu elibuthakathaka kakhulu, siyawazi lo mbala ngaphansi kwegama le-lilac; kodwa nalapha unokuthile okuphilayo, kodwa akanalo injabulo.

Olubomvu-luhlaza okotshani

“Lokhu kukhathazeka kuyanda ngokuqhubeka nokwenzeka, futhi kungase kuphikiswe ngokuthi isithombe sangemuva esigcwele ngokuphelele umbala obomvu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngeke sibekezeleleke. Yingakho, uma kutholakala ezingutsheni, ku-ribbon noma omunye umhlobiso, isetshenziswa emthunzini obuthakathaka kakhulu futhi okhanyayo; kodwa nakuleli fomu, ngokwesimo salo, lenza umbono okhetheke kakhulu.

Red

“Isenzo salo mbala siyingqayizivele njengemvelo yawo. Unikeza umbono ofanayo wokungathí sina nesithunzi, kanye nokuthanda okuhle nezintelezi. Ikhiqiza eyokuqala ngesimo sayo esimnyama esijiyile, eyesibili ngendlela yayo ehlanjululwe yokukhanya. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela isithunzi sokuguga kanye nenhlonipho yobusha kungembathiswa umbala owodwa.

Indaba isitshela okuningi mayelana nokuluthwa ngababusi ukuba nsomi. Lo mbala uhlale unikeza umbono wokungathí sina nobuhle.

Ingilazi ensomi ibonisa indawo ekhanyiswe kahle ekukhanyeni okwesabekayo. Iphimbo elinjalo bekufanele limboze umhlaba nesibhakabhaka ngosuku lokwaHlulelwa kokugcina.

Green

“Uma ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esibheka imibala yokuqala nelula kakhulu, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye ekubonakaleni kwawo kokuqala esinyathelweni sokuqala sesenzo sawo, khona-ke lowo mbala uzovela, esiwubiza ngokuthi oluhlaza.

Iso lethu lithola ukwaneliseka kwangempela kuwo. Lapho le mibala emibili kamama ixubene nje ibhalansise, ukuze kungabonakali lutho kubo, khona-ke iso nomphefumulo uphumula kule ngxube, njengombala olula. Angifuni futhi angikwazi ukuqhubekela phambili. Ngakho-ke, emakamelweni lapho uhlala khona, amaphephadonga aluhlaza avame ukukhethwa.