Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, izifo zenhliziyo (i-angina nesifo senhliziyo)

Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, izifo zenhliziyo (i-angina nesifo senhliziyo)

 Isifo senhliziyo: Umbono kaDkt. Martin Juneau
 

Leli shidi likhuluma kakhului-angina pectoris futhi i-myocardial infarction (isifo senhliziyo). Sicela futhi uthintane ne-arrhythmias yethu yenhliziyo kanye namaqiniso okwehluleka kwenhliziyo njengoba kudingeka.

The izifo zenhliziyo kuhlanganisa inqwaba yezifo ezihlobene nokungasebenzi kahle kwe- inhliziyo kuya imithambo yegazi lokho okuphakelayo.

Leli phepha ligxile ezifweni ezi-2 ezivame kakhulu:

  • Thei-angina pectoris kwenzeka lapho kunokuntuleka kwegazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo emisipha yenhliziyo. Kudala inkinga ebukhali ubuhlungu enhliziyweni, ezwakala endaweni yesifuba. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeka ngokuzikhandla futhi kuyanyamalala phakathi nemizuzu embalwa ngokuphumula noma ukuthatha i-nitroglycerin, ngaphandle kokushiya noma iyiphi i-sequela. Igama elithi "angina" livela kwelesiLatini ukuthukuthela, okusho “ukuklinya”;
  • Thei-infarction ye-myocardial ou isifo senhliziyo kubonisa isimo esibucayi esinodlame kakhulu kune-angina. Ukuntuleka komoyampilo kubangela i-necrosis, okusho ukubhujiswa kwengxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo, ezothathelwa indawo yi-a ukwesaba. Ikhono lenhliziyo lokufinyela ngendlela evamile futhi iphampe inani elivamile legazi ngokushaya ngakunye kungase kuthinteke; konke kuncike ezingeni lesibazi. Igama elithi "infarction" livela kwelesiLatini infarcire, okusho ukugxumeka noma ukugcwalisa, ngoba izicubu zenhliziyo zibonakala zigcwele uketshezi.

Le inhliziyo iyipompo evumela igazi ukuthi lisatshalaliswe kuzo zonke izitho, ngakho-ke iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo. Kodwa lesi sici kufanele sibe njalo udliswa umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba. Imithambo ehlinzeka futhi yondle inhliziyo ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi (bheka umdwebo). Ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina noma i-infarcs kwenzeka lapho i-angina imithambo yenhliziyo ivalekile, ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele. Izindawo zenhliziyo ezingasahlinzekwa kahle ngamanzi zifinyela kabi noma ziyeke ukwenza kanjalo. Lolu hlobo lwesimo lwenzeka lapho izindonga zemithambo yenhliziyo zilimele (bheka i-Atherossteosis kanye ne-Arteriosclerosis ngezansi).

Iminyaka yobudala lapho ukuhlaselwa kwe-angina yokuqala noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka kuncike ngokwengxenyeifa, kodwa ikakhulukazi imikhuba yokuphila : ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala nokucindezeleka.

imvamisa

Ngokusho kwe-Heart and Stroke Foundation, cishe abantu abangama-70 bahlangabezana nakho isifo senhliziyo minyaka yonke eCanada. Cishe abangu-16 kubo bayanqotshwa yikho. Iningi lalabo abasindayo bayalulama ngokwanele ukuze babuyele ekuphileni okumatasa. Nokho, uma inhliziyo ilimele kakhulu, iphelelwa amandla amaningi futhi iba nobunzima ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zomzimba. Izinto ezilula, njengokugqoka, ziba nzima. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

Isifo senhliziyo yisifo esingu-1re imbangela ukufa emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation2. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusenjalo eCanada naseFrance, lapho umdlavuza manje usutholakala ku-1er isikhundla. Isifo senhliziyo nokho sihlala singu-1re imbangela yokufa ku abanesifo sikashukela kanye namanye amaqembu abantu, njenge bomdabu.

The izinkinga zenhliziyo cishe ngokulinganayo amadoda futhi abesifazane. Nokho, abesifazane bayayithola lapho sebekhulile.

I-Atherosulinosis kanye ne-atherosulinosis

Theatherosclerosis isho ukuba khona kwe-plaque odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo ephazamisa noma evimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Yakha kancane kancane, ngokuvamile eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kwe-angina noma ezinye izimpawu zenzeke. I-atherosulinosis ithinta kakhulu imithambo emikhulu naphakathi (isibonelo, imithambo yenhliziyo, imithambo yobuchopho kanye nemithambo yezitho).

Kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nei-arteriosclerosis : okungukuthi, ukuqina, ukuqina nokulahlekelwa ukunwebeka kwemithambo.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?

Iningi lokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwenzeka Izinyathelo ze-3 ngokulandelana.

  • Okokuqala, udonga lwangaphakathi lomthambo kufanele ludlule ama-microblessures. Ziningi izinto ezingalimaza imithambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengezinga eliphezulu le-lipids egazini, isifo sikashukela, ugwayi nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
  • Isikhathi esiningi, indaba iphelela lapha, ngoba umzimba unakekela kahle lokhu kulimala okuncane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwenzeka ukuthi udonga lwe-artery luqina futhi lwakha uhlobo oluthile ukwesaba ebizwa" ipuleti “. Lokhu kuqukethe i-cholesterol, amaseli omzimba (ngoba ukulimala okuncane kwabangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala) nezinye izinto, kuhlanganise ne-calcium.
  • Iningi lama-plaque "aliyona ingozi"; azikhuli noma zihambe kancane kakhulu, bese zizinza. Abanye banganciphisa ngisho nokuvuleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo kuze kufike ku-50% kuya ku-70%, ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu futhi ngaphandle kokuba kubi nakakhulu. Ukuze kwenzeke isifo senhliziyo, a ihluli amafomu epuletini (okwakungeyona enkulu ngempela). Phakathi namahora noma izinsuku ezimbalwa, umthambo ungavaleka ngokuphelele ngehlule. Yilokhu okudala isifo senhliziyo nobuhlungu obungazelelwe, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesixwayiso.

    Izinyathelo eziholela ekwakhekeni kwehlule legazi ku-plaque aziqondwa ngokugcwele. Ihlule lenziwe ngegazi elijiyile. Njengalapho kukhona ukulimala emunweni, umzimba ufuna ukuwulungisa ngokuhlangana.

Theatherosclerosis ijwayele ukuthinta imithambo eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho-ke futhi kwandisa ubungozi bezinye izinkinga ezibalulekile zempilo, njengokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Ukuhlola ubungozi: uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-Framingham nezinye

Lolu hlu lwemibuzo lusetshenziselwa uku ukulinganisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. Kungaba phansi (ngaphansi kuka-10%), kumaphakathi (10% kuya ku-19%) noma kube phezulu (20% nangaphezulu). Imiphumela iqondisa odokotela ekukhetheni ukwelashwa. Uma ingozi iphezulu, ukwelashwa kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Lolu hlu lwemibuzo lubheka i-age, amanani we cholesterol, ukushaya kwegazi nezinye izici eziyingozi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi odokotela baseCanada nabaseMelika. Yathuthukiswa e-United States, edolobheni laseFramingham4. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemibuzo, njengoba kufanele ihambisane nenani labantu abayisebenzisayo. EYurophu, enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu UMPHUMELA (" Si-ystematic COironary Risk Eukulinganisa »)5.

 

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