I-HDL – i-cholesterol “enhle,” kodwa ayisizi ngaso sonke isikhathi

Isifo senhliziyo singenzeka nakubantu abanamazinga aphezulu okuthiwa yi-cholesterol enhle. Thola ukuthi kungani i-HDL ingasivikeli ngaso sonke isikhathi ngempumelelo ku-atherosclerosis nokuthi yiziphi izimfihlo esazifihla kithi.

1. Ngolimi olujwayelekile, i-cholesterol ihlukaniswe ngokuthi "okuhle" futhi "okubi".
2. Eqinisweni, ingxenye eyodwa ibhekwa njengengathandeki, kuyilapho enye kukhulunywa ngayo kuphela esimweni esihle
3. Nokho, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. I-cholesterol “enhle” nayo ingaba yingozi
4. Olunye ulwazi lwamanje lungatholakala ekhasini eliyisiqalo le-Onet.

I-cholesterol inamagama amaningi! Enye yezinhlobo zayo ezidume kakhulu ezenzeka emzimbeni womuntu yilokho okubizwa nge-HDL (ifushane nge-high density lipoprotein), ebizwa ngodokotela njenge-cholesterol enhle. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukugxila kwayo okuphezulu egazini kunomphumela wokuvikela, kunciphisa ingozi yokuthola isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, okuyisifo esibi semithambo yemithambo esingaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi.

Ngeshwa, lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu onezinhlayiya eziningi ze-HDL egazini lakhe angaphumula kalula futhi akhohlwe ngengozi ye-atherosclerosis ngokuphelele.

I-cholesterol enhle kanye nengozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo

Nakuba ososayensi nodokotela banamuhla sebekwazi okuningi nge-HDL cholesterol, bayavuma ukuthi ama-molecule ayo asafihla izimfihlo eziningi.

- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ucwaningo lwe-epidemiological kanye nenani labantu luhlala lubonisa ukuthi abantu abane-cholesterol ephezulu ye-HDL banezimo ezimbalwa ze-coronary heart disease (ingozi ephansi), futhi abantu abanamazinga aphansi e-HDL banesifo senhliziyo kaningi (ingozi enkulu) . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, siyazi ngokuzijwayeza ukuthi isifo senhliziyo singenzeka nakubantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-HDL. Lokhu kuyindida, ngoba izifundo ze-epidemiological ezishiwo ngenhla zibonisa okunye - kusho u-prof. UBarbara Cybulska, udokotela osekuphele iminyaka eminingi ebhekana nokuvinjelwa kwezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umcwaningi e-Institute of Food and Nutrition (IŻŻ).

1. Izimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu

Ngakho ekugcineni, konke kuncike esimweni esithile.

- Futhi esimweni sezinhlayiya ze-HDL esigulini esinikeziwe. Kwabanye abantu, i-HDL izoba phezulu futhi ngenxa yalokhu bayogwema ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, ngoba ukwakheka kwezinhlayiya ze-HDL kuzoqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okufanele, kanti kwabanye, naphezu kwe-HDL ephezulu, ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo izoba phezulu, esakhiweni esingalungile se-molecule ye-HDL - kuchaza uProf. Barbara Cybulska.

Ingabe Zikhona Izidakamizwa Ezikhulisa I-Cholesterol Enhle?

Njengamanje, umuthi unezidakamizwa ozisebenzisayo ezinciphisa ngempumelelo ukugcwala kwe-LDL egazini, okunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ngakho-ke nenkinga yayo yomtholampilo, okuwukumelwa yinhliziyo.

Nokho, ngemva kokwenza izidakamizwa ezehlisa i-LDL, ososayensi abazange baphumule. Sekuyisikhathi eside bezama nokwenza izidakamizwa ezizonyusa amazinga e-cholesterol enhle.

- Le mithi ithuthukisiwe, kodwa naphezu kokwanda kwamazinga e-HDL cholesterol, ukusetshenziswa kwawo akuzange kunciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Kuvela ukuthi ingxenye ye-HDL ihluke kakhulu, okungukuthi iqukethe ama-molecule ahluke kakhulu: amancane namakhulu, aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi noma amancane, i-cholesterol noma ama-phospholipids. Ngakho-ke ayikho i-HDL eyodwa. Ngeshwa, namanje asazi ukuthi yikuphi okuhlukile kwe-HDL okunezakhiwo ze-antiatherosclerotic kanye nendlela yokwandisa ukugxila kwayo egazini, kuvuma uProf. Barbara Cybulska.

Kuleli qophelo, kufanelekile ukuchaza ukuthi uyini ngempela umphumela we-antiatherosclerotic we-HDL.

- Izinhlayiya ze-HDL nazo zingena odongeni lwe-arterial, kodwa umphumela wazo uhluke ngokuphelele kulowo we-LDL. Banamandla okuthatha i-cholesterol odongeni lwemithambo bayibuyisele esibindini, lapho iguqulwa ibe ama-bile acid. Ngakho-ke i-HDL iyisici esibalulekile sendlela yokuphendula ebhalansi ye-cholesterol yomzimba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-HDL ineminye imiphumela eminingi ye-antiatherosclerotic. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthutha okuphambene kwe-cholesterol kusuka odongeni lwe-artery kuya esibindi - kugcizelela u-Prof. UBarbara Cybulska.

Njengoba ubona, isibindi sidlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo.

- Ama-LDL enziwa ekujikelezeni kwegazi ngama-lipoprotein abizwa ngokuthi i-VLDL enziwa esibindini, kuyilapho ama-HDL enziwa ngqo esibindini. Ngakho-ke, azingeni egazini ngokuqondile zisuka ekudleni okusetshenzisiwe, njengoba abantu abaningi becabanga ngephutha - kusho uchwepheshe we-IŻŻ.

I-cholesterol enhle: kungani ingasizi ngaso sonke isikhathi?

Ngeshwa, kunezizathu ezimbalwa ezingenzeka zokungasebenzi kwe-HDL ekulweni nokusha kwe-atherosclerosis.

- Izifo ezihlukahlukene ngisho nobudala zenza izinhlayiya ze-HDL zingasebenzi futhi zibe nesici. Balahlekelwa izakhiwo zabo ze-antiatherosclerotic, kuhl. lokhu kunjalo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile noma isifo senhliziyo. Ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune zingase futhi ziphazamise ukusebenza kwe-HDL, kuxwayisa uProf. Barbara Cybulska.

Ngakho-ke, ngisho noma umuntu ene-HDL ephezulu, akakwazi ukuzizwa ephephile ngokuphelele.

- Izinhlayiya ze-HDL zingase zingakwazi ukwamukela i-cholesterol odongeni lwe-artery noma zingase zibe nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant ezivimbela i-cholesterol ye-LDL ukuthi i-oxidizing. Njengoba wazi, ifomu layo eline-oxidized liyi-atherogenic kakhulu (i-atherogenic) - kusho uProf. Barbara Cybulska.

Xosha i-atherosclerosis: ukubaluleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba

Ngenhlanhla, kukhona futhi izindaba ezinethemba ezinhle ezivela emhlabeni wesayensi mayelana ne-HDL, njengokuthi ukuqina komzimba kukhiqiza izinhlayiya ezisebenzayo, ezilwa ne-atherosclerotic HDL.

- Ukufeza lo mphumela, okudingayo okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca umzimba ngosuku, njengokubhukuda, ukuhamba ngokushesha noma ukuhamba ngebhayisikili. Lezi yizindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuze kube manje awukho umuthi ongakwenza. Ukugxila kwe-HDL kufanele kwandiswe ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo zenhliziyo - kusho uProf. Barbara Cybulska.

Uchwepheshe uphakamisa ukuthi ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlushwa kwe-HDL, ngaphezu kokwandisa umsebenzi womzimba, i-European Society of Cardiology iphinde itusa: ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-trans fatty acids, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-monosaccharides nama-disaccharides (ushukela olula) nesisindo. ukunciphisa.

Kodwa ngokusho kukaProf. Cybulska Umuntu akanakuba ngaphansi kwenkohliso yokuthi ngisho ne-HDL esebenza kahle iyakwazi ukulungisa wonke umonakalo obangelwe izinga eliphakeme le-cholesterol ye-LDL osekuyiminyaka eminingi liqhubeka.

- Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ye-LDL kusukela ebuntwaneni (ngokudla okufanele), futhi uma kwanda, kuyadingeka ukuyinciphisa (ngokulawulwa kokudla kanye nemithi). Izidakamizwa zingabangela ngisho nokuhlehla kancane, okungukuthi ukuncipha komthamo we-atherosclerotic plaque, kodwa ingxenye yayo ye-lipid (cholesterol) kuphela ethintekayo. Khona-ke i-cholesterol evela ku-plaque iyancipha - kusho u-prof. UBarbara Cybulska.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu maqondana nama-atherosclerotic plaque amancane, ngoba avame ukuphuka futhi abangele amahlule ayingozi (angavimba ukugeleza kwegazi futhi aholele ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo noma unhlangothi).

“Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-plaque asemancane ane-cholesterol eningi kuwo, kodwa awakabi nayo i-fibrous cover yokuwavikela emithanjeni yegazi. Ngokuqondene nama-plaque amadala, abaliwe, ane-fibrous, nawo angancipha, kodwa engxenyeni ye-cholesterol kuphela - kusho uchwepheshe we-IŻŻ.

Ngokungenakugwenywa, kubantu abasha, ama-atherosclerotic plaque ngokuvamile nawo asebancane. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile kulo mthetho. Ngeshwa, bangase babe nama-atherosclerotic plaque asethuthukile.

- Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubantu besebancane kungase kube umphumela we-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni. Kubantu abanjalo, i-atherosclerosis ikhula cishe kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngoba imithambo yegazi ihlale ingaphansi kwethonya lamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Kungakho wonke umuntu, ikakhulukazi abantu abanomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kufanele bahlolwe i-cholesterol yegazi, kuncoma u-prof. UBarbara Cybulska.

1. Izimpawu ze-hypercholesterolemia yomndeni okufanele wonke umuntu azazi [ICHAZA]

I-cholesterol enhle nembi: yiziphi izindinganiso?

Lapho uqaphela ubungozi obuhlobene namazinga e-cholesterol anganele, kubalulekile ukwazi imikhawulo ye-alamu ehambisana nayo.

- Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinga le-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini liphephile empilweni lingaphansi kwe-100 mg / dL, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwe-2,5 mmol / L. Mhlawumbe, noma kunjalo, izinga elilungile lezempilo liphansi kakhulu, lingaphansi kuka-70 mg / dL. Endabeni yezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa nesifo senhliziyo (umlando we-myocardial infarction noma unhlangothi), isifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, kuyafiseleka ukugcina amazinga e-cholesterol e-LDL engaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL - kweluleka u-prof. UBarbara Cybulska.

Ngakho-ke izidingo zinkulu, ingozi enkulu yalezi zifo ezimbi kakhulu noma izinkinga zazo yisiguli.

Uma kukhulunywa nge-HDL cholesterol, inani elingaphansi kuka-40 mg / dL, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwe-1 mmol / L emadodeni nangaphansi kuka-45 mg / dL, okungukuthi ngaphansi kwe-1,2 mmol / L kwabesifazane, lithathwa njengelibi, alinele ukugxila - kukhumbuza u-prof. UBarbara Cybulska.

Ingabe unayo i-cholesterol embi? Shintsha indlela yakho yokuphila nokudla

Uma ufuna ukugwema ukuphazamiseka kwe-lipid kanye ne-atherosclerosis, sebenzisa izincomo eziningi ezilandelayo ngangokunokwenzeka empilweni yakho yansuku zonke:

1. umsebenzi womzimba (okungenani imizuzu engama-30 izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto),
2. ukudla okucebile ngemifino (200 g noma ngaphezulu ngosuku) nezithelo (200 g noma ngaphezulu)
3. nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha agcwele (okuyinto ecebile kakhulu ngamafutha ezilwane) - okungcono kube ngaphansi kuka-10% umthamo wansuku zonke wamandla asetshenziswa ekudleni,
4. buyisela amafutha agcwele amafutha e-polyunsaturated fatty acids (umthombo wawo ikakhulukazi amafutha emifino, kodwa nezinhlanzi ezinamafutha),
5. ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha e-trans (kuhlanganisa i-confectionery esenziwe kakade, ukudla okulungele ngokushesha kanye nokudla okusheshayo),
6. gcina usawoti wakho ube ngaphansi kuka-5 g ngosuku (ithisipuni elilodwa lezinga),
7. Yidla ama-30-45 g we-fiber ngosuku, okungcono okuvela emikhiqizweni yokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu,
8. idla izinhlanzi izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto, kufaka phakathi enamafutha (isb. i-mackerel, i-herring, i-halibut),
9. idla ama-30 g amantongomane angenasawoti ngosuku (isb. ama-walnuts)
10. ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala (uma uphuza nhlobo), amadoda: kufika ku-20 g wotshwala obumsulwa ngosuku, nabesifazane ku-10 g,
11. Kungcono futhi ukwenza ngaphandle kweziphuzo ezinoshukela ngokuphelele.