Izinwele (ezivela kwelesiLatini elithi capillus) yizinwele ezithile ezinomsebenzi wokuvikela ikhanda nekhanda. Ihlanganiswe ne-keratin, inamandla kakhulu futhi ingamelana nesisindo esingu-100g ngaphandle kokuyeka.

Izinwele ziyizinwele eziyisisekelo zohlobo lomuntu. Zinekhethelo lokuba zinde futhi ziguquguquke kanye nokumboza ikhanda. Kumuntu omdala onempilo, cishe baba yi-150.

Izinwele empeleni zakhiwa iphrotheni, i-keratin, enesibopho samandla ayo amakhulu. Kodwa futhi iqukethe amanzi, ama-acids anamafutha, i-melanin, i-zinc, amavithamini nensimbi ngamanani amancane.

Izinwele zakhiwa ingxenye ebonakalayo, isiqu, kanye nempande egqitshwe emgodini omncane, i-follicle yezinwele.

Induku ivela ebusweni besikhumba. Umbala wayo uyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu ngamunye. Yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu: umnkantsha, ozungezwe i-cortex, wona ngokwawo umbozwe yi-cuticle. Lesi sakamuva sakhiwe ungqimba olulula lwamaseli ahlelwe njengama-tile ophahleni: leli lungiselelo livumela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinwele, ezivimbela ukuba zingahlangani. I-cuticle yisifunda esiqukethe i-keratin kakhulu, eqinisa izinwele futhi izenze ziqine ngokwedlulele.

Impande ifakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ngokugobile. Iyacwila esihlokweni sezinwele, lapho kukhiqizwa khona izinwele. Engxenyeni engezansi kunebhalbhu yezinwele enesisekelo sayo, i-papilla yezinwele; Kuleli zinga lapho ukushintshaniswa kwezakhi kanye nomoya-mpilo odingekayo ekukhuleni kwezinwele kwenzeka. Ngaphezulu kwesibani kukhona indlala yesaceous, ekhipha i-sebum ekuthambiseni izinwele.

Emazingeni e-follicle, sithola nesicubu se-arrector. Inkontileka ngaphansi komphumela wokubanda noma ukwesaba.

Umjikelezo wezinwele

Zonke izinwele ziyazalwa, ziphila futhi ziyafa: lona umjikelezo wezinwele. Akuzona zonke izinwele ezisezingeni elifanayo. Umjikelezo uhlala ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka emi-3 kuye kwemi-4 futhi unezigaba ezi-3:

Isigaba se-Anagen - Ukukhula

U-85% wezinwele uyakhula. Izinwele zakhiwa ezingeni le-bulb futhi zikhula ngokuphindaphinda kwama-keratinocyte, amaseli ahlanganisa i-keratin. Ama-keratinocyte ayasuka endaweni yokukhula, aqine ukuze akhe umphini wezinwele bese efa. Isibani sezinwele siqukethe nohlobo lweseli lwesibili, ama-melanocyte, ahlanganisa i-melanin, i-pigment ebhekele umbala wezinwele. Ijubane lokukhula kwezinwele ngu-0,9-1,3cm ngenyanga. Ihlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinwele, esheshayo iwuhlobo lwase-Asia.

Isigaba seCatagen - ukuphumula

Isikhathi esibizwa nge- "involution", sithatha amaviki ama-2 kuye kwayi-3 futhi sikhathalela u-1% wezinwele. Ihambisana nokuphumula kwe-follicle: ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli kuyayeka, i-follicle iyancipha futhi iyancipha ngosayizi.

Isigaba se-telogen - ukuwa

I-keratinization ephelele yezinwele okuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhishwe ekhanda. Ihlala cishe izinyanga ezi-2 ku-14% wezinwele. Khona-ke umjikelezo uqala kabusha, izinwele ezintsha zikhiqizwa yi-follicle.

Iqhaza lezinwele

Izinwele zinomsebenzi omncane wokuvikela ikhanda ekushayweni.

Izinhlobo zezinwele nombala

Izinwele zinezimo ezahlukahlukene. Ingxenye ye-shaft yezinwele yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa:

• ingxenye ye-oval, ebonisa izinwele ezibushelelezi, ezi-silky nezi-wavy,
• Ingxenye eyisicaba ebonisa izinwele eziphoqelekile,
• Isigaba esiyindilinga esinikeza izinwele eziqinile, ezinokuthambekela okunzima.

Kukhona futhi umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu ezinhlanga. Umuntu wase-Afrika waseMelika uzobonisa ukuminyana kwezinwele eziphansi, ububanzi, amandla, nesivinini sokukhula. Kumuntu wozalo lwase-Asia, izinwele ngokuvamile zizoba zikhulu futhi ziqine.

La Umbala wezinwele ilawulwa ama-melanocyte ahlanganisa i-melanin. Kunemibala ehlukene - ophuzi, obomvu, onsundu nomnyama - ngokuhlangana kukhiqiza umbala wezinwele. Endabeni yezinwele ezimhlophe, ama-melanocyte awasasebenzi.

I-Alopecia : isho ukuqothuka kwezinwele okushiya isikhumba singenalutho noma singenalutho. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene.

I-alopecia ku-plaque (noma i-alopecia areata): kubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele kuma-patches, ngokuvamile ekhanda lekhanda. Isikhumba sogebhezi sigcina ukubonakala kwaso okuvamile, kodwa simane singenabo uboya ezindaweni.

Ubumpandla (noma i-alopecia ye-androgenetic) : ibhekisela ekuqothukeni kwezinwele okushiya isikhumba singenalutho ngokuphelele. Kuthinta kakhulu amadoda futhi ikakhulukazi kunqunywa ufuzo.

Ukuvuvukala kwe-alopecia : ukulahlekelwa izinwele okubangelwa ukulimala unomphela ekhanda ngenxa yesifo sesikhumba noma ukutheleleka (i-lupus, i-psoriasis, i-lichen planus, njll.).

I-Ringworm : isifo sekhanda nezinwele esibangelwa isikhunta, ama-dermatophytes. Izifo eziyingozi kodwa ezithathelwanayo ezihlasela kakhulu izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-12. Kuyimbangela ejwayelekile ye-alopecia ezinganeni, kepha izinwele ziyakhula zibuyele ezimeni eziningi.

I-Effluvium télogène : ukuqothuka kwezinwele okungazelelwe noma kwesikhashana ngenxa yokushaqeka ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo, ukukhulelwa, ukuhlinzwa, ukuncipha okukhulu kwesisindo, umkhuhlane ophezulu, njll.

Ithiphu enemfologo : ungqimba lwangaphandle lwezinwele, isifunda esicebile kakhulu ku-keratin, sivezwe kakhulu ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle futhi siyancipha ekupheleni kwezinwele. Ama-keratin fibrils abe esequkethwe ezingqimbeni zangaphakathi aphinde abophe, into eyaziwa ngokuthi iziphetho ezihlukene.

Izinwele ezinamafutha : ukubukeka okukhazimulayo kwezinwele okubonisa ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwezindlala ze-sebaceous ezisezingeni le-follicle. I-sebum ikhiqizwa ngokweqile. Babamba kalula uthuli nokungcola, okungase kucasule isikhumba sekhanda futhi kubangele ukulunywa.

Izinwele ezomile noma eziphukayo: izinwele eziguga ngokushesha futhi i-keratin yazo ilahlekelwe izici zayo zokunwebeka. Ngakho-ke, ziphuka kalula lapho zixubha, zenza isitayela, noma lapho zilele. Zimaholoholo lapho uzithinta, kunzima ukuzihlukanisa, futhi iziphetho ziba yiziphetho ezihlukene.

inkwethu : i-benig, lawa amazenga amancane amhlophe esikhumba ahambisana namaqoqo amaseli afile awela ekhanda. Lokhu kususwa kwe-desquamation okungavamile kungenxa yokusheshisa kokuvuselelwa kwamangqamuzana e-epidermis ye-scalp, okubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwayo yi-fungus. malassezia (okwamanje ngokwemvelo, kwanda ngendlela engavamile kuleli cala). Inkwethu ithinta umuntu oyedwa kwababili eFrance.

I-seborrheic dermatitis : isifo sesikhumba esingenasici esibonakala ngokwakheka kwamabala abomvu ahambisana nezikali (izinhlobo ze-dandruff) ebusweni besikhumba. Ithinta kakhulu izingxenye zesikhumba ezinamafutha, kuhlanganise nekhanda lekhanda.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthatha imithi ethile kungadala ukulahleka kwezinwele. Lokhu kunjalo ngezidakamizwa ezithile ze-psychotropic. Ake sisho isibonelo i-lithium, enqunyelwe ukuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar, eye yaziwa njengeyimbangela ye-alopecia.

Abanye abantu abanciphisa igazi, njenge-warfarin emiselwe abantu abane-atrial fibrillation noma i-venous thrombosis, isibonelo, bangabangela i-alopecia kwabanye abantu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukumisa ukwelashwa noma ukunciphisa umthamo kuvumela izinwele ukuthi zikhule kabusha.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngeradiation ukwelapha umdlavuza nakho kuyisimo esaziwa ngokubangela ukuqothuka kwezinwele nokulahlekelwa izinwele emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile i-alopecia yesikhashana, izinwele zikhula emuva ekupheleni kokwelashwa.

Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, ukukhathala, ukudla okungenakulinganisela, ilanga noma ukucindezeleka yizo zonke izici ezingathonya impilo yezinwele zethu. Ukuvimbela i-alopecia akunakwenzeka. Noma kunjalo, izinyathelo ezithile zifaka isandla empilweni enhle yezinwele. Ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo nokunokulinganisela kugwema ukuntula futhi kunikeza izakhi ezibalulekile zobuhle bezinwele ezifana ne-zinc, i-magnesium noma i-calcium. Ukudla ukudla okunothe ngamavithamini e-B6 (i-salmon, ubhanana noma amazambane) kungavimbela noma kusize ukuphatha izinwele ezinamafutha, isibonelo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-alopecia

I-Minoxidil lotion iyindlela yokwelapha ebambezela ukulahleka kwezinwele futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezinwele. I-Finasteride inciphisa ukulahleka kwezinwele futhi kwezinye izimo ikhuthaza ukukhula kabusha kwezinwele.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile okubonakalayo : umbuzo wokuqhathanisa isici sempandla nokuhlukaniswa okubonakalayo, okwaziwa nge-Hamilton elungiswe ngu-Norwood. Lokhu kuhlola kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezingazuza ekwelashweni nokuthi yiziphi ezingakwazi (amafomu athuthuke kakhulu).

I-Trichogramme : ukuhlolwa kwezinwele ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuhlola impande, ukukala ububanzi nokulinganisa ukuwa. Ivumela ukuhlonza izimbangela ze-alopecia ezimeni ezinzima.

Ukuhlaziywa kobuthi : izinwele zinamandla okugcina izinto esizigwinyayo: utshwala, insangu, i-ecstasy, i-cocaine, izidakamizwa, ama-amphetamine, i-arsenic, izibulala-zinambuzane, iziphazamisi ze-endocrine… uhlu luyaqhubeka. Ukutholwa kwezidakamizwa notshwala kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwahlulela.

Ukufakelwa kwezinwele : ukuhlinzwa okubuyisela izinwele. Kungenzeka kubantu impandla yabo isizinzile. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye yekhanda lekhanda ngezinwele kanye nezimpande ngemuva kwekhanda, lapho izinwele zihlelelwe ukuhlala impilo yonke. Lezi zimila zisikwa zibe izingcezu ezinoboya obu-1 kuya ku-5 bese zifakwa ezindaweni ezinempandla.

Igama elithi "alopecia" livela esiGrekini i-alopex okusho ukuthi “impungushe”. Leli gama lakhethwa kubhekiselwa ekulahlekeni koboya obuthinta lesi silwane njalo entwasahlobo (2).

Izinwele bezilokhu ziwuphawu lokuyenga kwabesifazane. Kakade ezinganekwaneni, onkulunkulukazi bachazwa njengabanezinwele ezinhle (u-Aphrodite nezinwele zakhe ezinde ezimhlophe, uVenus owayezinakekela izinwele zakhe…).

Emadodeni, izinwele ziwuphawu lwamandla. Ake sicaphune indaba kaSamsoni (7) okhipha amandla akhe angajwayelekile ezinweleni zakhe. Endabeni yeBhayibheli, ukhashelwa ngowesifazane amthandayo ophuca izinwele zakhe ukuze amphuce amandla akhe. Isiboshwa, ubuya wonke amandla akhe lapho izinwele zakhe zikhula.