Ama-eyelashes (kusuka ku-Latin cilium) yizinwele ezitholakala emaphethelweni amahhala amajwabu amehlo.

Ama-eyelashes yizinwele eziyingxenye yezicubu, njengezinwele nezinzipho.

Isikhundla. Izinkophe ziqala emaphethelweni amahhala wezinkophe ezi-4 (1). Ngobude obuyisilinganiso obuyi-8 kuya ku-12 mm, izinkophe zamajwabu amehlo angaphezulu zingu-150 kuya ku-200 ngejwabu leso ngalinye. Izinkophe zamajwabu amehlo aphansi zimbalwa futhi zifushane. Kusukela ku-50 kuya ku-150 eyelashes ahlelwe kwijwabu leso ngalinye ngobude obuyi-6 kuya ku-8 mm ngokwesilinganiso.

Ukwakheka. Ama-eyelashes anesakhiwo esifanayo nama-bristles. Aqukethe izingxenye ezimbili (2):

• Isiqu ingxenye enwetshiwe eyenziwe ngamaseli e-keratinized, avuselelwa ngokuqhubekayo. Lawa maseli aqukethe ama-pigments anikeza umbala othize ezinkopheni. Amaseli amadala kunawo wonke asekupheleni kwezinwele.
• Impande iwukuphela kwezinwele ezifakwe ekujuleni kwesikhumba. Isisekelo esikhulisiwe sakha isibani sezinwele esiqukethe imikhumbi yezondlo, esivumela ngokuphawulekayo ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli nokukhula kwezinwele.

Ukuswela. Izimpande zezinwele, imigodi okuhlala kuyo izinkophe, zineziphetho eziningi zemizwa (1).

Izindlala ezisizayo. Izindlala ezihlukene zinamathele ezinkopheni, okuhlanganisa nezindlala zomjuluko kanye nezindlala ze-sebaceous. Lesi sakamuva sikhipha into enamafutha ethambisa amajwabu amehlo neso (1).

Iqhaza lokuvikela / Amehlo acwayizayo. I-eyelashes inezinwele zezinwele ezineziphetho eziningi zemizwa, ukuxwayisa nokuvikela amehlo uma kwenzeka ingozi. Lesi simo sizokwenza ukuthi amehlo acwayize (1).

Ukungajwayelekile kwezinkophe. Ama-pathologies athile angabangela ukungahambi kahle ekukhuleni, ekushintsheni umbala, ekuqondeni noma ekumeni kwezinkophe (3).

• Ukukhula okungavamile. Ama-pathologies athile angathinta ukukhula kwe-eyelashes njenge-hypotrichosis, ehambisana nokuma ekukhuleni kwe-eyelashes; i-hypertrichosis, eyakha ukukhula kwe-eyelashes ngokuqina nobude obukhulu kakhulu; noma i-madarosis ngokungabikho noma ukulahlekelwa kwe-eyelashes.
• Ukungajwayelekile kwe-pigmentation. Izinkinga ze-eyelash pigmentation zingaxhunyaniswa nama-pathologies athile afana ne-leukotrichia, echazwa ukungabikho kwe-ciliary pigmentation; i-poliosis noma ama-canities, okusho ngokulandelana ukuba mhlophe kwezinkophe kanye nokuba mhlophe okuphelele kwezinwele emzimbeni.
• Okudidayo kokuqondisa kanye nesikhundla. Ama-pathologies athile angashintsha isiqondiso noma isikhundla se-eyelashes njenge-distichiasis, ukuthuthukisa umugqa ophindwe kabili we-eyelashes; noma i-trichiasis lapho izinkophe zihlikihla ngendlela engavamile esweni.

I-Alopecia. I-Alopecia ibhekisela ekulahlekelweni ingxenye noma okuphelele kwezinwele noma uboya bomzimba.4 Umsuka wayo ungase uhlotshaniswe nezici zofuzo, ubudala, ukuphazamiseka noma isifo, noma ngisho nokuphuma kwegazi okuphindaphindiwe. Lokhu kuphumela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ze-alopecia: ukungabi nezibazi lapho ukukhula kwezinwele kungenzeka khona njengoba kungekho monakalo ezimpandeni zezinwele; nezibazi lapho kungenzeki khona ukukhula kabusha ngoba izimpande zezinwele zibhujiswe ngokuphelele.

I-Pelade. I-Alopecia areata yisifo esibonakala ngokuqothuka kwezinwele noma ukuqothuka kwezinwele. Kungathinta kuphela izingxenye ezithile zomzimba noma wonke. Imbangela yayo ayikaqondwa kahle, kodwa ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa umsuka we-autoimmune. (5)

Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngokuya ngemvelaphi yokulahlekelwa izinwele, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zibekwe njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala (i-corticosteroids), ukwelashwa kwama-hormone noma ama-vasodilator lotions.

Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, ukwelashwa kungenziwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Dermatological. Ukuze kutholakale umsuka we-pathology ethinta i-eyelashes, ukuhlolwa kwe-dermatological kwenziwa.

Uphawu lobuhle. Ama-eyelashes ahlotshaniswa nobufazi kanye nobuhle bokubuka.