Okuqukethwe
Amakhowe asebusika angenye yalawo makhowe angatshalwa kokubili ekhaya nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ilele ekukhiqizeni kabusha kwe-mycelium, kodwa uma ukwazi kahle lobu buchwepheshe, khona-ke ukutshala okwengeziwe kwe-mycelium ngeke kube nzima. Khumbula ukuthi ukuzalanisa amakhowe ebusika ekhaya, uzodinga ukuwanika iwindi lewindi ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ngoba lawa makhowe awathandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuningi.
I-Winter honey agaric iyikhowe le-agaric elidliwayo lomndeni womugqa ovela kuhlobo lweFlammulin. Imvamisa ingatholakala kuminyezane, ama-aspens kanye nobhabhulini, emaphethelweni ehlathi, ogwini lwemifudlana, ezingadini nasemapaki.
Isikhunta sisabalele endaweni enesimo sezulu esishisayo esisenyakatho. Ikhula emazweni aseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Yurophu, Izwe Lethu, Japan. Ivela ngoSepthemba - Novemba. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ingabuye ibonakale ngoDisemba. Kwesinye isikhathi ibuye itholakale ngemuva kokukhithika kweqhwa, eyathola igama layo.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe asebusika kwamanye amakhowe
Lelikhowe liyi-saprotroph, likhula ezihlahleni eziphukayo ezilimele futhi ezibuthakathaka noma eziqwini naseziqwini ezifile, futhi linomsoco ophezulu.
Kunezinombolo zezibonakaliso zokuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani amakhowe asebusika kwamanye amakhowe. I-cap yalolu hlobo ikhula ibe ngu-2-5 cm ububanzi, kuyaqabukela - kufika ku-10 cm. Ibushelelezi futhi iminyene, ikhilimu noma iphuzi ngombala, inamathele, amafinyila. Isikhungo simnyama kunemiphetho. Kwesinye isikhathi iba nsundu phakathi. Amapuleti anombala ophuzi noma omhlophe, i-spore powder imhlophe. Umlenze uminyene, unwebeka, uphakeme ngo-5-8 cm, ugqinsi luka-0,5-0,8 cm. Engxenyeni engenhla ikhanya futhi iphuzi, futhi ngaphansi inombala onsundu noma onsundu ngokumnyama. Lelikhowe lihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zamakhowe. Isisekelo sesiqu sinoboya-velvety. Ukunambitheka kuthambile, iphunga libuthakathaka.
Izigqoko kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukudla. Izitshulu nesobho zilungiswa ngamakhowe asebusika.
Lezi zithombe zibonisa ngokucacile incazelo yamakhowe asebusika:
Ukukhiqizwa okufanele kwe-mycelium yamakhowe ebusika
Njengoba i-honey agaric yasebusika ingaphazamisa izihlahla eziphilayo, itshalwa endlini kuphela. Kunezindlela ezimbili: ebanzi futhi ejulile. Ngendlela yokuqala, amakhowe atshalwa ngokhuni. Ngendlela ejulile, amakhowe atshalwa ku-substrate efakwa embizeni futhi ibekwe efasiteleni.
Njenge-substrate, ama-sunflower husks, ikhekhe, ama-buckwheat husks, bran, okusanhlamvu okusetshenzisiwe, izikhwebu zommbila ophansi zisetshenziswa.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle i-mycelium yamakhowe asebusika, ingxube kufanele ilungiswe ngezilinganiso ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezicini zokugcwalisa. Uma i-substrate izoba ne-sawdust ne-bran, khona-ke kufanele ihlanganiswe ngesilinganiso se-3: 1. I-sawdust enezinhlamvu ze-brewer ixutshwe ngesilinganiso se-5: 1. Ngendlela efanayo, udinga ukuxuba ama-sunflower husks nama-buckwheat husks nezinhlamvu. Utshani, ama-sunflower husk, ama-ground cobs, ama-buckwheat husks angafakwa ku-sawdust njengesisekelo se-substrate ngesilinganiso se-1: 1. Kuzo zonke lezi zingxube, kutholakala isivuno esikhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwamanye ama-sawdust, i-mycelium ikhula kancane kakhulu, futhi isivuno siphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utshani, ama-corn corn corns, ama-sunflower husks angasetshenziswa njenge-substrate eyinhloko ngaphandle kokwengezwa kwe-sawdust. Udinga futhi ukubeka 1% gypsum kanye 1% superphosphate. Umswakama wengxube ungama-60-70%. Zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo kumele zingabi nasikhunta futhi zibole.
Ekukhethweni kweziqukathi, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-substrate, kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Umkhiphi wamakhowe ngamunye uzikhethela owakhe, olungele icala lakhe.
Noma iyiphi ingxube kufanele imanziswe futhi ishiywe amahora angu-12-24. Khona-ke i-substrate ihlanzwa. Kungani iphathwa ngokushisa? I-substrate emanzi ifakwe ngokuqinile ezitsheni noma ezikhwameni futhi ifakwe emanzini. Bilisa bese ubilisa amahora ama-2. Ekutshalweni kwezimboni kwesikhunta, i-substrate ifakwe inzalo ngokuphelele kuma-autoclaves okucindezela. Ekhaya, le nqubo ifana nemifino ye-canning yasekhaya nezithelo. Ukuvala inzalo kufanele kuphindwe ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ungafaka futhi i-substrate emabhokisini amancane. Kodwa kungcono ukuyibulala inzalo ngaphambi kokuyipakisha esitsheni. I-substrate kufanele ihlanganiswe kahle uma ifakwe esitsheni
Ukuhlwanyela i-mycelium yamakhowe ebusika
Ngaphambi kokutshala amakhowe asebusika usebenzisa indlela ejulile, i-substrate yokuhlwanyela emva kokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele ipholile ibe ngu-24-25 ° C. Khona-ke udinga ukuletha i-mycelium yokusanhlamvu, lapho insimbi noma induku yokhuni iphakathi nendawo noma isikhwama senza imbobo kukho konke ukujula kwe-substrate. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-mycelium ikhula ngokushesha futhi isebenzisa i-substrate kulo lonke ubukhulu bayo. I-Mycelium kufanele ifakwe emgodini ngesilinganiso sika-5-7% wesisindo se-substrate. Bese ubeka izimbiza endaweni efudumele.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile le-mycelium ngu-24-25 °C. Isikhi samakhowe sikhula phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Kuncike ku-substrate, umthamo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhowe. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimbiza ezine-substrate zingagcinwa endaweni efudumele nemnyama, azidingi ukukhanya. Kodwa i-substrate akufanele yome. Ngale njongo, imbozwe ngezinto ezigcina amanzi neziphefumulayo - i-burlap noma iphepha eliwugqinsi. Ngemuva kokuthi yonke i-substrate igcwele i-mycelium, izimbiza ezinayo zidluliselwa ekukhanyeni endaweni epholile enokushisa kwe-10-15 ° C. Iyiphi i-sill yefasitela engcono kakhulu ohlangothini olusenyakatho. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akufanele kube phezu kwabo. Susa iphepha noma i-burlap. Izintamo zamathini zigoqwe ngekhadibhodi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zimanziswa ngamanzi ukuvikela i-substrate ekumisweni.
Iziqalo zemizimba yezithelo zivela ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuba iziqukathi zivezwe ekukhanyeni kanye nezinsuku ezingama-25-35 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela i-mycelium. Zibukeka njengezixha zemilenze emincane enezigqoko ezincane. Ukuvuna kungavunwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kwalokho. Ama-bunches amakhowe ayanqunywa, futhi izinsalela zawo zisuswa ngokucophelela ku-mycelium. Khona-ke i-substrate imanziswa ngokuyifafaza ngamanzi. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ungavuna isivuno esilandelayo. Kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhula, amakhowe afinyelela ku-1,5 kg angatholwa embizeni eyodwa yamalitha amathathu.