Okuqukethwe
Uma ukhathele ukutshala amazambane, ungakwazi ukunaka isitshalo sempande esinjengamazambane. Elinye igama lakhe “amazambane omhlaba.” Indlela yokukhulisa ubhatata? Indlela yokunakekela futhi nini ukuqoqa? Le mibuzo ivame ukubuzwa ngabalimi. Ngempela, lapho utshala imifino noma isithelo ngasinye, kunama-nuances athile nezici. Ubhatata uqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini awusizo, ukulandelela izakhi ezidingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. Kulula kakhulu ukugayeka, nakuba inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu.
Yiziphi izimo ezidinga izimpande zezitshalo?
Ubhatata ngokwawo ungowomdabu wasezindaweni ezishisayo futhi uthathwa njengesithelo esingavamile. Futhi nokho ingakhuliswa emgqeni ophakathi ngisho naseSiberia.
Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukutshala ubhatata kuthatha umzamo omncane kakhulu “kunokukhishwa” kwesitshalo samazambane. Ayidingi ukushaywa. Futhi izinzuzo zinkulu kakhulu.
Ezindaweni zethu, ubhatata ukhula enhlabathini elula futhi uthanda ukuchelela okusesilinganisweni. Kuhle kakhulu uma umhlabathi une-nitrogen ephezulu, futhi uyisihlabathi esinesihlabathi esine-acidity engu-5,5-6,5. Lapho sikhula, lesi sitshalo sisakazeka emhlabathini futhi, njengokungathi, siyasibekela futhi sicindezela ukhula. 
Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile kakhulu lokuvuthwa kwalo kanye nesivuno esihle ngu + 25-30 degrees. Ezimeni lapho izinga lokushisa lehla futhi libe ngaphansi kophawu oluhle oluphansi, inqubo yokukhula kwesitshalo iyancipha kakhulu. Lapho i-thermometer ibonisa + 10C, ukukhula ubhatata akunakwenzeka, ngoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo imifino iyafa.
Izinga lendawo lapho ubhatata wawukhona uzoncika ekuvunweni kwawo, izici zokunambitha.
Ividiyo "Ukukhulisa izithombo"
Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani kahle izithombo zamazambane ukuze zitshalwe.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ekhaya, ungatshala izithombo zamazambane kusuka kumbewu noma kuma-tubers. Njengomthetho, kuyinkinga ukuthola imbewu ezitolo ezijwayelekile zengadi; zinga-odwa ngezitolo ezikhethekile ze-inthanethi noma zifundwe kubalimi. Kodwa kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lapho uthenga ngesayithi, okokuqala udinga ukuzijwayeza ngokubuyekezwa nokuthembeka kwesitolo esikhethiwe.
Isisekelo sokutshala sihlanganisa: inhlabathi evulekile, i-humus, isihlabathi esiqinile. Zonke izingxenye kufanele zibe ngamanani alinganayo. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa umhlaba olula othathwe engadini. Okokuqala, ayinazo izakhi zokulandelela eziwusizo, futhi okwesibili, ingase ibe nezinambuzane noma itheleleke.
Ukuze ukhule izithombo zamabhatata emabhokisini akhethekile, kuyadingeka ukuthulula ingxube yobumba ewumphumela bese ucindezela imbewu ingajulile kakhulu. Le nqubo inenzuzo kakhulu ukuyenza eshumini lesibili likaFebhuwari. Amabhokisi aqediwe ambozwe nge-foil futhi abekwe endaweni efudumele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungakhohlwa, njalo, ukunisela imifino yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukutshala ubhatata, amahlumela kufanele afike ku-15-20 cm ubude. Izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi ngesikhathi esifanayo libe sesimweni okungenani +15 degrees.
Ngaphambi kokuhlonza isitshalo semibhede, kudinga ukuthatha "inkambo ye-fighter encane". Cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngaphambi "kokunyakaza" kokugcina, amabhokisi anezithombo akhishwa emoyeni omusha futhi ashiywe lapho amahora ambalwa. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isitshalo sijwayelane nomehluko wokushisa futhi sibe lukhuni kakhulu.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zitshalwa ngoJanuwari noma ngoFebhuwari kusuka ezithelweni ezithengwa kusenesikhathi. Zitshale emabhokisini noma emabhodweni. Ngengxenye encane phansi, izithelo, ngokucindezela okuncane, zicindezelwa ku-substrate ekhethekile. Kufafazwe phezulu ngongqimba oluwu-3-cm lwesihlabathi esimahhadla. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuphume umswakama owedlulele emhlabathini. Ngakho, izitshalo ngeke ukubola. 
Ukuze uthole ukwethenjwa okuphelele kumphumela ophumelelayo futhi ukuze izithombo zamazambane ashukela zibe sezingeni eliphakeme futhi zilungele ukufakelwa kabusha, izimbobo zimbozwa phansi kwebhokisi / ebhodweni.
Ungakwazi ukugeza ubhatata kusengaphambili ngesisombululo se-sulphate yethusi, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukunamathiselwa kwanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ngu + 17-27 degrees. Kulokhu, akufanele ukhohlwe ngokunisela njalo. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngemva kwenyanga engu-1. Isithelo esisodwa semifino sinikeza ukusikwa okungu-5-10, kanti amahlumela asuswa ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi ezi-6 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-8-10.
Ama-internodes ahlukaniswa ne-tuber futhi atshalwe ngokuhlukana emabhodweni ukuze izimpande zibhodloze. Kodwa futhi zingafakwa emanzini noma zitshalwe engadini, kodwa ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elingaphandle kwama-+25 degrees. Njengembewu emilayo, kudingeka ziqiniswe futhi zijwayele imisebe yelanga.
Khulisa izithombo ezivela ezithelweni zalezo ezingagcinwanga esiqandisini futhi ezingazange zicutshungulwe ukuze zigcinwe isikhathi eside. Ukwenza lokhu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ubhatata othathwe kubalimi, hhayi ezitolo.
Indlela yokufika
Ukutshala amazambane amazambane emhlabathini ovulekile kudinga izici ezikhethekile, kungcono ukukhetha izindawo ezizolile.
Umhlaba ngesikhathi sekwindla umbiwa kuqala bese ucetshiswa nge-humus, umquba obolile noma i-potassium sulfate. Uma kune-asidi ephezulu enhlabathini, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuyinciphisa ngokungeza i-limestone. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala imifino yesikhathi esizayo, vundisa inhlabathi nge-ammonium nitrate bese uyikhulula.
Imigodi imbiwa cishe ngo-15 cm ukushona, ihlumela elikhule ngaphambi kwesikhathi litshalwa kuzo. Izikhawu phakathi kwemigqa kufanele okungenani zibe ngamasentimitha angama-70, futhi ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ezitshaliwe kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-30, ngakho-ke kunenzuzo yokuqhubeka nokuvuna isivuno esihle. Lesi simiso sokuhlala sisiza ekwakheni "ukhaphethi" wemvelo wamaqabunga esikhathini esizayo futhi uvikele ekulahlekeni okusheshayo komswakama emhlabathini.
Zitshalwe ukuze ama-internode ajule ngamasentimitha angu-2 ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukuze ugweme ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, izithombo zamazambane zimbozwa ngefilimu noma amabhodlela epulasitiki. Uma isitshalo sithathe izimpande ngemuva kokutshala, khona-ke amaqabunga amasha aqala ukuvela kuso.
ukunakekelwa kwemifino
Ukuhluma imifino yesikhathi esizayo ngendlela efanele kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yonke, kodwa kufanele futhi ukhumbule ama-nuances wokuyinakekela. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukucabangela izinkomba zokushisa, ukuvikela ngangokunokwenzeka kumaconsi nomoya obandayo.
Mayelana nokunisela, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubhatata udinga amanzi amaningi, kodwa kuphela ngenyanga yokuqala ngemva kokutshala. 
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi "ugcwalise" futhi uhlele ama-puddles, okubangela ukuqhuma kwamanzi. Ukunisela kwenziwa lapho inhlabathi engaphezulu yomile kancane. Ukuhluma kungathuthukiswa ngomlotha wezinkuni, ofakwe amaviki angu-2-3 emanzini.
Ukumila kwezimpande kuma-node kufanele kugwenywe. Lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu izinga lezilimo eziyizigaxa. Uma ujikeleza, nquma izimpande ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Kumelwe Sivune Nini?
Isikhathi sokumba ubhatata sincike ezintweni ezithile ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, lezi zihlanganisa isikhathi sokutshala, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nesifunda. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwalo mkhiqizo, kungenzeka ukunquma isikhathi sokuvuthwa emhlabathini (esithatha izinyanga ezi-3 kuye kweziyi-6).
Inkomba eyinhloko yeqoqo izilimo eziyizigaxa eziphuzi kanye namahlamvu emahlathini. Imvamisa, kunconywa ukuvuna esimweni sezulu esifudumele futhi hhayi imvula, ngoba imifino emanzi igcinwa isikhathi esincane futhi iwohloka ngokushesha. Ngemva kokumba, yomisa amahora amaningana emoyeni omusha. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, kunezinhlobo ezingagujwa ngemva kwesithwathwa sokuqala.
Ngokuvamile inani lesivuno li-1 kuya ku-2 kg/m2. Ukuvuna, ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bezilimo eziyizigaxa, kunconywa nge-pitchfork, ngoba ubhatata ubhekwa njengento elula kakhulu ukulimaza. Ukugcinwa kufanele kwenziwe emabhokisini amancane futhi ekushiseni kwe-8 kuya ku-15 degrees. Ukuchayeka - izinsuku ezingu-4-7, izinga lokushisa legumbi 25-30C.
Izimo zokugcina ubhatata zibalulekile ukuze ugcine imifino isesimweni esihle isikhathi eside.
Ukutshala amazambane amnandi emgqeni ophakathi akubangeli izinkinga eziningi, into esemqoka ukulandela izincomo ezithile kanye nesistimu yokukhula eyinhloko.
Ividiyo "Khuphula isivuno"
Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda indlela yokwandisa isivuno samazambane.
