I-fornix (ephuma kwelensi yesiLatini, okusho umphongolo) iyisakhiwo sobuchopho, esisohlelweni lwe-limbic futhi senza sikwazi ukuxhuma ama-hemispheres amabili obuchopho.

Isikhundla. I-fornix ngeso lesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Kwakha intra and inter-hemispherical commissure, okungukuthi isakhiwo esenza sikwazi ukuxhuma ama-hemispheres amabili obuchopho, kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. I-fornix itholakala maphakathi nobuchopho, ngaphansi kwe-corpus callosum (1), futhi isuka kwi-hippocampus iye emzimbeni we-mammillary we-hemisphere ngayinye.

Ukwakheka. I-fornix yakhiwe ngemicu yezinzwa, ikakhulukazi evela kwi-hippocampus, ukwakheka kobuchopho obuqukethwe engxenyeni ngayinye yezwe (2). I-fornix ingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana (1):

• Umzimba we-fornix, ubheke phezulu futhi unamathiselwe ngaphansi kwe-corpus callosum, uyingxenye emaphakathi.
• Amakholomu e-fornix, amabili ngenombolo, avela emzimbeni futhi aqonde phambili kobuchopho. Lawa makholomu abese ejika ebheke phansi nangemuva ukuze afinyelele futhi anqamule emizimbeni yama-mammillary, izakhiwo ze-hypothalamus.
• Izinsika ze-fornix, ezimbili ngenombolo, zivela emzimbeni ziye ngasemuva kobuchopho. Ugongolo luqhamuka ensikeni ngayinye futhi lufakwa ngaphakathi kwesigaxa ngasinye sesikhashana ukufinyelela i-hippocampus.

Umlingisi wohlelo lwe-limbic. I-fornix ingeyesistimu ye-limbic. Lolu hlelo luxhumanisa ukwakheka kobuchopho futhi luvumela ukucutshungulwa kolwazi olungokomzwelo, lwezimoto nolwezitshalo. Kunomthelela ekuziphatheni futhi kuyabandakanyeka nasenqubeni yokukhumbula (2) (3).

Ngokwemvelo ewohlokayo, yemithambo yegazi noma yesimila, izifo ezithile zingakhula futhi zithinte isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi ikakhulukazi i-fornix.

Head ukuhlukumezeka. Ihambisana nokwethuka kogebhezi okungadala ukulimala kwengqondo. (4)

Stroke. Ingozi ye-cerebrovascular, noma i-stroke, ibonakala ngokuvalwa komthambo wegazi lobuchopho, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi noma ukuqhekeka komkhumbi.5 Lesi simo singathinta imisebenzi yefolomu.

Isifo i-Alzheimer. Le pathology ibonakala ngokuguqulwa kwamakhono okuqonda ikakhulukazi ukulahleka kwenkumbulo noma ukwehla kwekhono lokucabanga. (6)

Isifo seParkinson. Ihambisana nesifo se-neurodegenerative, izimpawu zaso ikakhulukazi ukuthuthumela lapho uphumule, noma ukwehlisa ijubane nokwehla ebangeni lokunyakaza. (7)

multiple sclerosis. Lesi sifo siyisifo esizimele sohlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela i-myelin, umgogodla ozungeze imicu yezinzwa, obangela ukusabela kokuvuvukala. (8)

Izicubu zesibindi. Izicubu ezinobungozi noma ezimbi zingakhula ebuchosheni futhi zithinte ukusebenza kwe-fornix. (9)

Izidakamizwa zokwelapha. Ngokuya nge-pathology etholakele, izindlela ezithile zokwelashwa zingabekwa njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala.

I-Thrombolyse. Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi semivimbo, le ndlela yokwelashwa iqukethe ukuqaqa i-thrombi, noma amahlule egazi, ngosizo lwezidakamizwa. (5)

Ukwelapha okuhlinzwa. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-pathology olutholakele, kungahlinzwa.

I-Chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe. Ngokuya ngohlobo nesigaba sesimila, lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba. Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuhlolwe izimpawu ezibonwa yisiguli.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha. Ukuze kuhlolwe umonakalo we-fornix, ukuskena kobuchopho noma i-MRI yobuchopho kungenziwa ikakhulukazi.

i-biopsy. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqukethe isampula lamaseli, ikakhulukazi ukuhlaziya amaseli wesimila.

Ukukhishwa kwe-Lumbar. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvumela ukuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid ihlaziywe.

Isifunda sikaPapez, esichazwe yisazi sezinzwa saseMelika uJames Papez ngo-1937, sihlanganisa zonke izinhlaka zobuchopho ezithintekayo enqubweni yemizwa, kufaka phakathi iforki. (10).