I-intestinal flora, ebizwa nangokuthi i-intestinal microflora noma i-intestinal microbiota, iqoqo lama-microorganisms ahlala emathunjini. Okungeyona i-pathogenic, lawa ma-microorganisms adlala indima ebalulekile ekugayeni umzimba nasekuvikeleni. Kanjalo, ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu kungaba nemiphumela eyingozi.

Iyini i-intestinal flora noma i-gut microbiota?

I-flora yamathumbu, ebizwa nangokuthi i-intestinal microbiota, imele iqoqo lama-microorganisms akhona emathunjini. Lawa ma-microorganisms kuthiwa angama-commensal, okusho ukuthi ahlala kuwo i-symbiosis nomzimba womuntu. Aziyona i-pathogenic futhi zinomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba.

Kuyini ukwakheka kwe-intestinal microbiota?

I-flora yamathumbu ngaphambili yayibizwa ngokuthi i-intestinal bacterial flora ngoba ucwaningo lwaluphakamisa ukuthi yayihlanganisa amagciwane kuphela. Ngenxa yentuthuko yesayensi, manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi izitshalo zamathumbu empeleni ziqukethe ama-microorganisms amaningi ahlanganisa:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene zebhaktheriya ;
• amagciwane ;
• imvubelo ;
• Ikhowe ;
• i-protozoa.

Umsebenzi we-intestinal microbiota ekuhambeni

Ucwaningo oluningana luqinisekise indima ebalulekile yezitshalo zamathumbu ekuhambeni kokugaya ukudla. Ukungalingani kwe-microbiota yamathumbu kungaba imbangela yokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.

Indima yezitshalo zamathumbu ekugayekeni ukudla

I-flora yamathumbu inomthelela ekugayweni kokudla okugwinyisiwe, ngokubamba iqhaza ikakhulukazi kulokhu:

• ukucekelwa phansi kwezinsalela ezithile zokudla kuhlanganise nemicu yemifino ethile;
• i-hydrolysis ye-lipids yokudla ;
• ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni athile ;
• ukufana komsoco ;
• ukuhlanganiswa kwamavithamini athile.

Ukubaluleka kwezitshalo zamathumbu ukuze kuvikelwe umzimba

I-microbiota yamathumbu ibamba iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwamasosha omzimba. Ama-microorganisms wezitshalo zamathumbu asebenza ikakhulukazi:

• vimbela ukufakwa kwamagciwane athile ;
• ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa okuthathelwanayo ;
• ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba.

Ezinye izindima ezingaba khona ngaphansi kocwaningo lwezitshalo zamathumbu

Ucwaningo oluningana lubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kobuchopho kanye ne-microbiota yamathumbu. Ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu kungase kuthinte ikakhulukazi ulwazi oludluliselwa ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

Yini i-dysbiosis

I-Dysbiosis ihambisana ne-a ukungalingani kwamathumbu emathunjini. Lokhu kungaboniswa ikakhulukazi ngokuthi:

• ukungalingani phakathi kwama-microorganisms athile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwama-pro-inflammatory agents kanye nama-anti-inflammatory agents;
• ukutholakala kwama-microorganisms athile njenge-enterobacteria noma i-fusobacteria;
• ukuncipha noma ukungabi khona kwama-microorganisms athile njengama-bacteria I-Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.

Iyini ingozi yezinkinga?

Ucwaningo lwezitshalo zamathumbu lubonisa ukuthi i-dysbiosis ingabandakanyeka ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezithile ezihlanganisa:

• isifo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu (IBD), njenge-Crohn's disease noma i-ulcerative colitis, ebonakala ngokusabela okunganele kokuzivikela komzimba ngaphakathi kwamathumbu;
• ukuphazamiseka komzimba, njengesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 nokukhuluphala, okuthinta indlela umzimba osebenza kahle ngayo;
• le umdlavuza colorectal, lapho kuvela isimila kukholoni;
• izifo ezithile zezinzwa, ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-gut microbiota nobuchopho.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-dysbiosis?

Ukungalingani kwezitshalo zamathumbu kungathandwa yizici ezithile ezifana nalezi:

• ukudla okungenamsoco;
• ukuthatha imithi ethile;
• ukucindezeleka.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukugcinwa kwezitshalo zamathumbu

Kungenzeka ukuvimbela i-dysbiosis ngokunciphisa izici eziyingozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo nokulinganisela, ukwenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba kanye nokunciphisa izici zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.

Ukwengeza okunomsoco ukubuyisela izitshalo zamathumbu

Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zokudla kuvame ukunconywa ukubuyisela ngokwemvelo izitshalo zamathumbu. Ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu ingalondolozwa ngenxa:

• probiotics, okungama-microorganisms aphilayo anenzuzo ekulinganiseni kwezitshalo zamathumbu;
• prebiotic, okuyizinto ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kwamabhaktheriya emilanjeni yamathumbu;
• ama-symbiotic, okuyinhlanganisela yama-prebiotics nama-probiotics.

Ukufakelwa kwe-faecal microbial

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kucatshangelwe ukufakelwa kwama-microorganisms athile ezitshalo zamathumbu.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala: ukuhlolwa kwabamaka abathile

Ukuhlaziywa kwezitshalo zamathumbu kuvame ukushukunyiswa ukungabaza ngesikhathi se-a ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Esimeni sokusola phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase acele ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe. I ukulinganiswa kwezimpawu ezithile zebhayoloji kungenziwa ikakhulukazi. Ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezithile ezithile zokuvuvukala kungafunwa ngokwesibonelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esingapheli sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu (IBD).

I-Coproculture: ukuhlolwa kwe-flora esitulweni

I-Coproculture est a ukuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological kwesitulo. Nakuba lokhu kuhlaziya kunganikezi ukwakheka okunembile kwezitshalo zamathumbu, isiko lendle linikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokuqondisa noma ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Lokhu kuhlaziywa kwe-bacteriological kungahlotshaniswa ne-a ukuhlolwa kwe-parasitological of the stool (EPS) ukuhlola ukuba khona kwama-parasites.

Endosco? Ukugaya uphaya: ukuhlaziya okuhlaselayo kwezitshalo zamathumbu

I-endoscopy yokugaya ukudla, ebizwa nangokuthi i-fibroscopy yokugaya, inga:

• ukubona ngeso lengqondo ingaphakathi lomgudu wokugaya ukudla ukukhomba ubukhona bezilonda;
• yenza i-biopsy ukuhlaziya izicubu kanye nokwakheka kwezitshalo zamathumbu.

Inqubekelaphambili endleleni yokuhlaziya engahlaliseki kangako?

Uma i-endoscopy iyindlela yokuhlaziya ehlaselayo, kungenzeka maduzane ukwenza ukuhlaziywa kwezitshalo zamathumbu ngendlela efanayo nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-DNA microarrays.

Ukunotha kwezitshalo zamathumbu

Ngokwabacwaningi, kukhona ama-microorganisms aphakathi kwethriliyoni nezinkulungwane eziyikhulu ezimila emathunjini. Ngakho-ke maningi ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kweshumi kunawo wonke amangqamuzana akhona emzimbeni womuntu.

I-gut microbiota eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyingqayizivele

I-gut microbiota iyisistimu yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi eyingqayizivele. Cishe ngezinhlobo ezihlukene ezingama-200 zama-microorganisms, ukwakheka kwawo okuqondile kuncike kumuntu ngamunye. I-flora yamathumbu idalwe kusukela ekuzalweni futhi iyashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ufuzo, ukudla kanye nendawo ezungezile.

Amathemba athembisayo

Umsebenzi owenziwe ezitshalweni zamathumbu uvula amathuba athembisayo okwelapha. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwezitshalo zamathumbu kungaholela ekwakhiweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, ezingenziwa ngezifiso ngokuya ngephrofayili yezitshalo zamathumbu omuntu ngamunye.