Abalandeli abaningi besiphuzo esicwebezelayo abakhathali ukuphikisana ngokuthi yiziphi izibuko ezibhekwa njengezingcono kakhulu zokusinambitheka. Imfashini iye yashintsha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Ingilazi yomtshingo we-champagne (umtshingo wesiFulentshi - "umtshingo") yabamba isikhundla sayo isikhathi eside futhi yayibhekwa njengento enhle ngenxa yekhono layo lokubamba amabhamuza. Namuhla, abenzi bewayini beChampagne bathi “umtshingo” awuwafanele amawayini esimanje.
Umlando wengilazi yomtshingo
Ngokwenguqulo esemthethweni, umsunguli we-champagne nguPierre Pérignon, indela ye-abbey yaseHautevillers. Lesi sitatimende siyaphikisana, njengoba iwayini “elicwebezelayo” lishiwo emibhalweni yababhali basendulo. AmaNtaliyane ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX azame ukuvutshelwa futhi akhiqiza iwayini elicwebezelayo, ngokusho kwabantu besikhathi sakhe, “elikhipha igwebu eliningi” futhi “liluma ulimi.” U-Dom Pérignon wasungula indlela yokubilisa iwayini ebhodleleni, kodwa umphumela ozinzile watholakala kuphela lapho izingcweti zamaNgisi zithola indlela yokwenza ingilazi eqinile.
Indawo yokukhiqiza iwayini yasePerignon yakhiqiza iqoqo lokuqala le-champagne ngo-1668. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaphehli bezingilazi abangamaNgisi benqatshelwe ukugawula amahlathi asebukhosini, futhi kwakudingeka bashintshele kumalahle. Uphethiloli wawunikeza izinga lokushisa eliphakeme, okwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuthola ingilazi eqinile. Usozimboni uGeorge Ravenscroft uthuthukise ukwakheka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ngokwengeza i-lead oxide ne-flint kule ngxube. Umphumela waba ingilazi esobala futhi enhle, ekhumbuza i-crystal. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-glassware yaqala ukushintsha kancane kancane i-ceramics nensimbi.
Izingilazi zewayini zokuqala zavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Izitsha zazimba eqolo, ngakho abazange bazibeke etafuleni. Ingilazi yalethwa umshayeli wezinyawo ngethileyi elikhethekile, wathela iwayini esivakashi futhi ngokushesha wathatha izitsha ezingenalutho. Ngokuncishiswa kwezindleko zokukhiqiza, ingilazi yathuthela etafuleni, futhi kwaphakama isidingo semikhiqizo ecwengekile nethambile.
Ingilazi yomtshingo yaqala ukusetshenziswa maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ngaphandle, yayihluke kancane kunenguqulo yesimanje futhi inomlenze ophakeme kanye ne-flask ye-conical.
E-Great Britain, inguqulo yokuqala ye "flute" yayibizwa ngokuthi "ingilazi kaJakobe", ngoba abasekeli beNkosi James II eyayidingisiwe bakhetha ingilazi njengophawu oluyimfihlo futhi baphuza kuyo ukuze baphile impilo yenkosi. Nokho, bathela kuwo hhayi elikhazimulayo, kodwa namanje iwayini.
I-Champagne yayivame ukuhlinzekwa ezingilazini ze-coupe. Izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi isiko lalibonakala lihlobene nendlela eyayisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi ukuphuza iwayini elicwebezelayo ngesiphuzo esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi babesaba amagwebu angavamile, futhi endishini ebanzi, igesi yaguguleka ngokushesha. Isiko laphenduka laphikelela, futhi imfashini yezibuko ze-coupe yaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwawo-1950. Khona-ke abenzi bewayini bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi imitshingo ifaneleka kangcono i-champagne, njengoba ibamba amabhamuza isikhathi eside. Esikhathini esizayo, izibuko zomtshingo kancane kancane zaqala ukushintsha ama-coupes, okwathi ngawo-1980 zase zilahlekelwe ngokuphelele ukubaluleka kwazo.
Ukuma nokwakheka komtshingo
Umtshingo wanamuhla uyingilazi ende esiqwini esiphakeme esinesitsha esinobubanzi obuncane, esincishiswe kancane phezulu. Uma ilinganiswa, umthamo wayo, njengomthetho, awudluli ku-125 ml.
Indawo encishisiwe yokuxhumana nomoya ivimbela i-carbon dioxide ekuhwamuleni ngokushesha, futhi isiqu eside sivimbela iwayini ukuthi lingashisi. Ezingilazini ezinjalo, igwebu lihlala ngokushesha, futhi iwayini ligcina isakhiwo se-homogeneous. Abakhiqizi bezitsha ezibizayo benza ama-notches phansi kwe-flask, okunomthelela ekuhambeni kwama-bubbles.
Eminyakeni yamuva, abenzi bewayini be-Champagne bavame ukugxeka "umtshingo" futhi bakholelwa ukuthi ukweqisa kwe-carbon dioxide akwenzi kube nokwenzeka ukwazisa iphunga le-champagne, futhi inqwaba yamabhamuza ingabangela imizwa engathandeki ngesikhathi sokunambitha. Amajaji emiqhudelwaneni anambitha iwayini elikhazimulayo ezingilazini ze-tulip ezibanzi, ezinikeza ithuba lokwazisa isixha futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo agcine i-carbonation.
Abakhiqizi bezingilazi zomtshingo
Omunye wabakhiqizi abadume kakhulu bezingilazi zewayini yinkampani yase-Austrian i-Ridel, ephakathi kwabamelene nomtshingo wakudala futhi ihlola ubujamo nobukhulu bemikhiqizo yayo. I-assortment yale nkampani ihlanganisa cishe izingilazi ze-champagne eziyishumi nambili eziklanyelwe iwayini elikhazimulayo ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi. Ochwepheshe be-"flute", u-Ridel unikeza uchungechunge lwe-Superleggero, oluhlukaniswa ngengilazi encane kakhulu futhi ehlala njalo.
Abakhiqizi abangaziwa kancane:
- I-Schott Zwiesel - ikhiqiza izitsha ezenziwe ngengilazi ye-titanium enesitsha esincane nesincane kanye nezinotshi eziyisithupha ngaphakathi;
- I-Crate & Barrel - Khiqiza imitshingo nge-acrylic. Izitsha ezisobala nezinganqamuki zinhle epikinikini ngokwemvelo;
- I-Zalto Denk'Art yaziwa ngemisebenzi yayo yezandla. "Imitshingo" yenkampani ihlukaniswa ngokulinganisela okunokulinganisela kanye nengilazi yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Izibuko zomtshingo zilungele ukukhonza ama-cocktails, lapho isithako esiyinhloko kuyiwayini elikhazimulayo. "Imitshingo" kabhiya yenziwa ngesiqu esifushane nesitsha esikhulu. Ngenxa yokuma, isiphuzo esinegwebu sigcina i-carbonation, futhi intamo encane isiza ukwazisa iphunga. Izibuko zomtshingo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ama-lambics nobhiya bezithelo.