I-Psychology

Ngaphandle kwendlela evamile yokwelulekwa ngokwengqondo, sizohlala sisebenza ngezingcezu, ngokusekelwe embonweni wethu ovamile futhi sisebenzisa "ama-chips" esiwathandayo. Umphakathi wochwepheshe bezengqondo ezelulekayo ubhekene nomsebenzi wokufingqa isipiliyoni, ukuthuthukisa isisekelo esivamile sethiyori kanye ne-methodological, kanye nokuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nezindawo zokwelulekwa ngokwengqondo. Asikude neze nokuthatha inkululeko yokufundisa ozakwethu bezengqondo ukuthi basebenze kanjani, umsebenzi wethu unesizotha kakhulu: sifuna ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabafundi bethu abaqeqeshwayo eNyuvesi Yezengqondo Ezisebenzayo. Sithemba ukuthi lokhu kuzothethelela lawo maphuzu esethulweni sethu abonakala elula kakhulu, asobala futhi aziwa yiwo wonke umuntu: iyini i-ABC yochwepheshe abanolwazi ngezinye izikhathi izindaba ezinzima kumeluleki wezimfundamakhwela.

Ake ngiqale ngokucaphuna eqoqweni elithi "Psychotherapy - kuyini?"

“…Ake sicabange ngoJohn: uba buhlungu njalo lapho ephendula ikhanda. Ukuzama ukuqeda ukuhlupheka, angaphendukela ochwepheshe abaningi, kodwa uzoqala ngalowo, ngesisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe nemibono yakhe, ucabanga ukuthi uzomsiza kangcono kunabanye.

Yini futhi? UJohn ngokuqinisekile uzothola ukuthi umbono wochwepheshe ngamunye kanye nezinyathelo ezihlongozwe yilo chwepheshe zizohlobene kakhulu nemfundo kanye nesipiliyoni sempilo salo chwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, udokotela womndeni kaJohn cishe uzoxilonga "ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha" futhi amnikeze izidakamizwa eziphumuza imisipha. I-Spiritual, yona, izokhomba “ukuphazamiseka kokuzwana okungokomoya” kukaJohane futhi imkhulekele nokuphulukisa ngokumbeka izandla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-psychotherapist izoba nesithakazelo kulowo "owayehlezi entanyeni kaJohane," futhi akweluleke ukuba uqeqeshwe ngokwengqondo, okufundisa ikhono lokuzimela. I-chiropractor ingakwazi ukubona ukungahambi kahle kwe-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeletho kaJohn futhi iqale ukuqondisa ingxenye efanelekile yomgogodla, yenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-chiropractic "ukukhwabanisa." I-naturopath izohlola ukungalingani kwamandla futhi iphakamise ukutshopa. Yebo, umakhelwane kaJohn, umdayisi wefenisha yekamelo lokulala, cishe uzothi iziphethu zikamatilasi lapho iqhawe lethu lilala khona sezigugile, futhi ameluleke ukuthi athenge umatilasi omusha ... "(I-Psychotherapy - iyini? Imibono yesimanje / Ed. JK Zeig kanye no-VM Munion / Ihunyushwe isuka esiNgisini ngu-LS Kaganov.- M.: Inkampani ezimele «Ikilasi», 2000. - 432 pp. - (Library of Psychology and Psychotherapy, inguqulo 80)).

Akufanele neze siphikisane lapha ukuthi yimuphi kubo oqinisile. Ngicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi sivumelane ukuthi zonke lezi zizathu zingenzeka, futhi kunengqondo okungenani ukucabanga ngazo zonke lezi zinketho. Ingabe sikwenza njalo lokhu emsebenzini wethu wokusebenza kwengqondo?

Isidingo sendlela edidiyelwe

Izikole zokwelulekwa ngokwengqondo ziyahlukahluka ezicini eziningi kulokho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esikhetha ukusebenza ngakho: ngokungazi lutho ekuhlaziyeni kwengqondo, nomzimba usesimweni esibucayi, ngokuziphatha endleleni yokuziphatha, nezinkolelo endleleni yokucabanga, ngezithombe (izinkinga ezimelelwe ngokomfanekiso) endleleni yokulandisa noma yenqubo. .

Ingabe udinga ukuzibekela umkhawulo? Cha.

EMpumalanga, lapho omunye wamakhosikazi kasultan egula, udokotela wayebona isandla sesiguli kuphela. Yebo, kuphela ngokulalela ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isimangaliso sikadokotela ngezinye izikhathi sasingasiza isiguli, kodwa ubuciko obunjalo bukadokotela obudingekayo namuhla, uma esikhundleni salo ungenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli kanye nokwelashwa kwakhe okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Esikhundleni sezindlela ezizimele, indlela ehlanganisiwe iyadingeka. Umelaphi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo-umxhumanisi akufanele abe nendlela eyodwa (ithuluzi elilodwa), kodwa amathuluzi amaningi ahlukene.

Amakhono aphelele okuxilonga

Njengoba sinamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo kufanele siqonde ukuthi iklayenti elithile lidingani kuleli cala.

Sebenza ngemizwa? Phakamisa umsebenzi ngomzimba? Sebenza ngezinkolelo? Noma mhlawumbe umsebenzi ohlobene kakhulu nokuziphatha? Usebenza ngezithombe? Ukubhekana nesikhathi esidlule esinezinkinga? Sebenza ngezincazelo zempilo? Okunye?

Lokhu noma lokho kuqondisa komsebenzi wesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo-umeluleki kunqunywa ngesicelo seklayenti, kodwa hhayi ngaye kuphela. Okokuqala, ngokuvamile isicelo seklayenti njengalokhu singekho, izikhalazo ezingacacile zizwakala, futhi okwesibili, intombazane ngokwayo ingase ingaqondi ingqikithi yenkinga yayo futhi, empeleni, itshele umeluleki lokho unina noma intombi yakhe emtshela yona ngezinkinga zakhe.

Ngemva kokulalela isicelo seklayenti, umsebenzi womxhumanisi ukubheka zonke izimbangela zezinkinga, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele abe nohlu olunjalo.

Njengodokotela: uma iklayenti likhononda ngezinkinga zesikhumba, udinga ukwenza izivivinyo eziningi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ezaziwa kakhulu kudokotela. Odokotela banezinhlu ezinjalo okudingeka uzihlole - izinhlu ezifanayo kufanele zibe nochwepheshe bezengqondo-abaxhumanisi.

Inqubo yokuchaza inkinga yangempela

Uma isiguli kudokotela sikhononda ngobuhlungu besisu, udokotela angase abe nokucabangela okuningi: kungase kube ukudla okungavamile kuye, kodwa i-appendicitis, nomdlavuza, nezinkinga ze-gallbladder nesibindi. Mhlawumbe leli klayenti livele ladla kakhulu, noma mhlawumbe line-yersiniosis noma enye into eyivelakancane kakhulu. Ukuze odokotela bangajahi ukusika i-appendicitis lapho isiguli sinokungagayi kahle kokudla, banezincomo zokuthi zingatholwa kanjani izinkinga.

Noma kunjalo, baqala ngencazelo yento eyisisekelo, ejwayelekile, esobala, futhi kuphela uma okusobala kungabonakali, ukucabanga okulula kungasebenzi, kufanele ubheke okuthile okujulile. Uma kwephulwa lo mthetho kuthiwa awusebenzi kahle.

Omunye wamakhasimende ami wakhononda: waya kudokotela wesikhumba, wamhlola wavele wathi konke kwakuvela ezinzwa. Futhi uye wancoma ukukhuluma mayelana ne-psychosomatics ku-psychotherapist. Iklayenti, nokho, laphendukela kuchwepheshe ochwepheshe, wenza izivivinyo, wabeka amaphilisi alula ukuze abuyisele izitshalo zamathumbu, futhi konke kwahamba ngeviki.

Akudingekile ukubheka izimbangela zezinkinga kuze kube yilapho kuhlolwa eminye imibono eyisisekelo.

Ukubuyela emsebenzini wengqondo, siphinda lesi simiso esibaluleke kakhulu:

Akuwona uchwepheshe ukubheka izimbangela eziyinhloko zezinkinga zengqondo kuze kube yilapho sekuqinisekisiwe ukuqagela okwengeziwe okuyisisekelo.

Izinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezisobala, okungenzeka futhi ezicashile

Izinkinga zengqondo zingaba kunoma yisiphi isihloko: ngemali nothando, "Angazi ukuthi ngifunani" futhi "angibathembi abantu", kodwa zibizwa ngokuthi zangaphakathi uma umuntu ebona umsuka wenkinga ngaphakathi kuye, futhi hhayi kumuntu noma into yangaphandle.

Ukusebenza nezinkinga zangaphakathi zamakhasimende, kunconywa ukuthi ulandele i-oda elilandelayo, ukulandelana okulandelayo komsebenzi ngezinkinga:

  • Izimbangela ezisobala zezinkinga ziwubunzima nezinkinga ezibonakala ngeso lenyama futhi zixazululwe ezingeni lomqondo ovamile. Uma intombazane inesizungu ngoba ihlezi nje ekhaya futhi ayihambi ndawo, okokuqala, kufanele ilulekwe ukuba yandise umbuthano wayo wokuxhumana nabantu.
  • Izimbangela ezingenzeka zezinkinga — izimbangela ezingezona ezisobala, kodwa ezingaba khona zobunzima beklayenti, ezinezimpawu ezibonakalayo kuchwepheshe. Intombazane ayikwazi ukusungula umbuthano wokuxhumana nabantu, ngoba inesitayela sokuxhumana se-bazaar futhi isho ukucasuka.
  • Izimbangela eziyinhloko zenkinga ukucabangela mayelana nezimbangela zezinkinga zeklayenti ezingenazo izinkomba ezibonakalayo. Isizathu sesizungu sentombazane singacatshangwa ukuthi siwukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo ebuntwaneni, nezinkinga esikhumbuzweni somndeni womndeni wakhe, nomqhele wokungashadi, nesiqalekiso somakhelwane.

Uma iklayenti lisho noma iyiphi inkinga esobala, kufanele usebenze nayo ngokuqondile kuqala.

Uma umfana engakwazi ukujwayelana emgwaqweni, izinyathelo zokuqala kufanele zibe eziyisisekelo - buza ukuthi ufuna ukufunda, futhi uma kunjalo, luleka ukuthi ungayenza kanjani futhi kuphi kangcono. Uma umuntu esaba ukundiza ezindizeni, cishe kuwufanele ukusebenza nokwesaba kwakhe ukundiza kwasekuqaleni, futhi ungambuzi ngezenzakalo zobunzima bakhe ebuntwaneni. I-Elementary deensitization ingasusa ukwesaba ngesigamu sehora, futhi uma inkinga ixazululiwe, iyaxazululwa.

Izimbangela ezisobala zezinkinga ngokuvamile zingaxazululwa ngezindlela ezisobala, kumxhumanisi onolwazi - ezingeni lomqondo ovamile. Kuphela uma lokhu kwakungenele, umxhumanisi kufanele aqhubekele ezingeni lezimbangela ezifihliwe zezinkinga, eqala ngokungenzeka kakhulu, futhi kuphela uma wonke amathuba esephelile, umuntu angangena ezinkingeni ezijulile.

Ngokusho kwesimiso sokulula, akufanele ukhiqize izinkinga ezengeziwe. Uma okuthile kungaxazululwa kalula, kufanele kuxazululwe kalula, uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi kuyashesha futhi kusebenza kahle, kubiza kancane ngokwesikhathi nomzamo. Okuxazululwa ngokushesha akulungile ukukwenza isikhathi eside.

Uma inkinga yeklayenti ingachazwa ngendlela elula, engokoqobo, asikho isidingo sokubheka izincazelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Uma inkinga yeklayenti ingazanywa ngokuziphatha, akufanele uthathe indlela yokujula kwengqondo ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Uma inkinga yeklayenti ingaxazululeka ngokusebenzisana nesimanje, akufanele ugijimele ukusebenza nokwedlule kweklayenti.

Uma inkinga ingatholakala esikhathini esedlule sekhasimende, akufanele ungene ezimpilweni zalo zangaphambilini nasenkumbulo yokhokho.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinkinga ezijulile ziyindawo engenabufakazi, lapho kuvulwa khona ububanzi bobuqambi kanye ne-charlatanism.

Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo noma umelaphi ohlongoza umsebenzi ojulile ongenakho ukwethembeka kwesayensi kufanele azibuze: Iyini imiphumela yesikhathi eside yomsebenzi onjalo, lolu hlobo lokwelapha kwengqondo luzosabela kanjani? Ukukholelwa esweni elibi namabika amabi? Umkhuba wokuthembela enhlanhleni? Ukuthambekela kokususa isibopho sakho ekuqulekeni kwakho? Futhi into encane - ukubhekisela kwinkumbulo yokhokho, esikhundleni sokuzicabangela wena? Kubonakala sengathi lolu hlobo lokucatshangelwa kokuziphatha kanye nokuhlola ubungane bemvelo kuyisibopho kusazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esiqeqeshiwe.

Umsebenzi wobungcweti awuguquguquki futhi ulandela isimiso sokuba lula. Ngomsebenzi, qala ngomqondo ojwayelekile, ngencazelo yento eyisisekelo, ejwayelekile, esobala, futhi kuphela uma isisombululo esisezingeni lomqondo ojwayelekile singasebenzi, kufanele ubheke okuthile okufihliwe futhi okujulile. Uma lo mthetho wokulandelanisa izinkinga wephulwa, kuthiwa awusebenzi kahle.

Indlela ethi “noma yini esebenzayo ilungile” ingaba nemibono emifushane ngakho-ke ayihambisani nemvelo. Uma umyeni ekhathele, inkosikazi ingamlethela amagremu angu-200 ngemva komsebenzi. Siyazi ukuthi izonikeza umphumela, izosebenza, izozizwa ingcono ngempela kumyeni wami. Ungamsiza nangakusasa. Yini ecashe lapha? Siyazi ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi le ndoda iphenduka isidakwa. Okunikeza umphumela onokwethenjelwa manje kungaphenduka izinkinga ezinkulu nezinkulu kamuva. Ababikezeli benhlanhla nabathakathi basebenza ngendlela engabizi kangako kunezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezikanye nabo, kodwa intshiseko ye-mysticism kanye ne-esotericism, umkhuba wokuthembela emandleni aphezulu, igcwele ukwehla kwesiko elijwayelekile, ubuntwana kanye nomkhuba wokungaphenduli.

Systematization yezinkinga okungenzeka

Emsebenzini wethu ongokoqobo, sisebenzisa uhlu oluthile lwezinkinga ezingokwengqondo ezingenzeka. Lesi yisikhathi sokukhumbula mayelana nendlela edidiyelwe yokwelulekwa, mayelana neqiniso lokuthi umuntu akayona nje ingqondo, kodwa futhi umzimba, hhayi umzimba kuphela, kodwa futhi umphefumulo, ngokushesha ukhumbule izincazelo zokuphila ezihlela ukuphila kwethu, incazelo yokuphila nokuphila komoya. Sathi umelaphi, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esilulekayo, akufanele abe nendlela eyodwa (ithuluzi elilodwa), kodwa amathuluzi amaningi ahlukene. Yimaphi amathuluzi asebenzisa le ndlela ehlanganisiwe?

Namuhla sikulethela uhlu olulandelayo:

  • Izikhulumi eziyinkinga

Ukuziphindiselela, ukulwela amandla, umkhuba wokuheha ukunaka, ukwesaba ukwehluleka. URudolf Dreikurs (Dreikurs, R. (1968) Psychology ekilasini) unikeze ithuluzi elimangalisayo elixakile ukwedlula.

  • Umzimba wenkinga

Ukushuba, ama-clamps, amahange angemuhle, ukungathuthuki okujwayelekile noma okuqondile (ukuntuleka kokuqeqeshwa) komzimba. Asisekelwe lapha hhayi kuphela emisebenzini ka-Alexander Lowen (A. Lowen «Psychology of the body»), sinazo lapha eziningi zentuthuko yethu yokuqala.

  • Inkinga yokucabanga.

Ukuntula ulwazi, okuhle, okwakhayo kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukuthambekela kokucabanga ngokwemibandela "yezinkinga", ukubona ikakhulukazi amaphutha, ukuzibandakanya ekuqinisekiseni kanye nesipiliyoni ngaphandle kokwakha, ukuqalisa izinqubo ze-parasitic ezichitha amandla ngeze (isihawu, ukusola, ukugxeka, ukuthambekela kokugxeka nokuziphindiselela) . Lapha, ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu abaningi kakhulu kuyasisiza: U-Alfred Adler, uFritz Perls, uWerner Erhard, ngesikhathi esifanayo lokhu kuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni indlela ye-Syntone.

  • Izinkolelo Eziyinkinga

Izinkolelo ezikhawulelayo ezingezinhle noma eziqinile, izimo zempilo eziyinkinga, ukuntuleka kwezinkolelo ezikhuthazayo. Lo mugqa waqalwa ngu-Aaron Beck (Aaron Beck, Arthur Freeman. “Cognitive Psychotherapy of Personality Disorders”), Albert Ellis (Albert Ellis. Humanistic Psychotherapy: A Rational-Emotional Approach / Translated from English — St. Petersburg: Owl Publishing House; M. : EKSMO-Press Publishing House, 2002. - 272 pp. (Series «Izinyathelo Psychotherapy»)) kanye Eric Berne (Eric Berne. «Imidlalo Abantu Abadlalayo»), ngokunenzuzo waqhubeka kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ngabaningi.

  • Izithombe eziyinkinga

Isithombe sika-I esiyinkinga, isithombe esiyinkinga sozakwethu, isithombe esiyinkinga samasu okuphila, isingathekiso esiyinkinga yempilo. Lena okungenani indlela yokulandisa nenqubo, esebenza ngezithombe nezingathekiso.

  • Indlela yokuphila eyinkinga.

Kubonakala kithi ukuthi leli phuzu libukelwa phansi yi-psychology yesimanje esebenzayo. Lokhu kumayelana nendlela yokuphila engahlelekile nengenampilo, lapho insizwa ihlala isikhathi esiningi ebusuku, usomabhizinisi edakwa, intombazane esencane iyabhema, lokhu kumayelana nempilo yesizungu noma indawo enezinkinga.

Practice

Uma iklayenti lifika lizobonisana, okokuqala sikubona kuyisibopho ukuzwa isicelo salo, uma kunesidingo, sokumsiza ukuthi asenze. Uma kungenzeka, sifuna amathuba okudlulisa iklayenti kusukela esikhundleni soMhlukumezi kuya esikhundleni soMlobi, khona-ke asikwazi ukusebenza kuphela ngesiguli esihluphekayo, kodwa futhi sibambisane nomuntu okhuthele ngokuphelele, ocabangayo, onomthwalo wemfanelo. Uma isicelo seklayenti sixazululwa ngokuqondile, ezingeni lenkinga esobala, kulungile. Uma kungenjalo, sinokusikisela, uhlu lwezinkinga ezifihliwe ezingase zibe khona.

Isizungu

Ake sithi owesifazane unquma ukuthi yini okufanele ayenze lapho umyeni wakhe emkhohlisa. Ngemva kokuhlaziya okulula, kuvela ukuthi ukuphila komkhaya wabo sekuneminyaka eyishumi nambili ubudala, banezingane ezimbili, umyeni wakhe uyamthanda, naye uyamthanda, ukukhashelwa kwakuyingozi kakhulu. Ngemva kokuthula, uyaqonda yonke into ngekhanda lakhe - akufanelekile ukuhlukanisa kulesi simo, kungaba ngcono ukususa ukuthuka nokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo, kodwa umphefumulo wakhe ubuhlungu futhi ufuna ukujezisa umyeni wakhe. Yilapho sifinyelela khona ezindabeni ezifihliwe.

Bona ukuthi zikhona yini izikhulumi eziyinkinga lapha? Ingabe udinga ukusebenza nomzimba onenkinga? Yeka ukuthi kwakha kanjani ukucabanga kowesifazane, kungenzeka yini ukukwakhelwa kabusha ngendlela eyakhayo neyakhayo? Ingabe zikhona izinkolelo eziyinkinga nezikhawulelayo ezithiya ukucabanga okwakhayo? Kuthiwani ngokuzethemba kowesifazane, uzizwa kanjani, kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukuguqula isithombe sakhe? Futhi-ke, mangaki ubusuku angalalanga - mhlawumbe udinga ukulala kuqala?

slouch

Intombazane iyagoba, nakuba zingekho izizathu zezokwelapha zalokhu. Isizathu esisobala ukuthi intombazane ayizinakekeli. Probable — cowardly to be bright and the first. Umeluleki akazange akwenze lokho, kunalokho umelaphi wehla ngendlela yokumba izimbangela ezingalindelekile zezimpande: «konke kumayelana nokuzibamba nokuvimbela imizwa yakho» … ↑

Ukwesaba ukuxhumana

Ukwesaba ukuxhumana kumuntu okwanele kungasuswa kalula ngokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezilandelayo: ukungezwani komzimba, umkhuba wezenzo ezingezona ezijwayelekile nokuqeqeshwa ekukhulumisaneni okuphumelelayo (kunezikhungo eziningi zokuqeqesha). Kodwa lokhu kudinga ukwenziwa, lokhu kufanele kufundwe. Uma umuntu engakulungele ukutadisha nokuzilolonga, noma kungakasizi (noma yini eyenzekayo) - yebo, khona-ke kwanele ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifihliwe nezijulile.

Isifinyezo

Njengoba ungabona, ekufundiseni abafundi baseNyuvesi, sizama ukugwema ukuhlanganisa ngokungacabangi, indlela engahlelekile nengenamthetho "konke okusebenzayo kuhle." Indlela ehlongozwayo lapha ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlelekile kwamathuluzi atholakalayo, ekusetshenzisweni kwezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ze-psychology engokoqobo. Ngithanda ukukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kucabanga kanye nendlela enjalo ingaba wusizo hhayi kubafundi kuphela, kodwa nakubantu esisebenza nabo abahlonishwayo.

Okubhekwayo

  1. Dreikurs, R. (1968) Psychology ekilasini
  2. U-Beck Aaron, u-Arthur Freeman. I-Cognitive psychotherapy yezinkinga zobuntu.
  3. Bern Eric. Imidlalo Abantu Abayidlalayo.
  4. Imilaza ye-Veselago EV System ngokusho kukaBert Hellinger: umlando, ifilosofi, ubuchwepheshe.
  5. Lowen Alexander "Psychology of the Body"
  6. I-Psychotherapy - kuyini? Imibono yesimanje / U-Ed. U-JK Zeiga kanye ne-VM Munion / Per. kusukela esiNgisini. LS Kaganov. - M .: Inkampani ezimele "Ikilasi", 2000. - 432 p. - (Umtapo Wezincwadi Zengqondo Nezengqondo, ukukhishwa kwama-80).
  7. Ellis Albert. I-Humanistic psychotherapy: Indlela enengqondo-ngokomzwelo / Per. kusukela esiNgisini. - I-St. Petersburg: I-Owl Publishing House; M .: Indlu Yokushicilela ye-EKSMO-Press, 2002. - 272 p. (Uchungechunge "Izinyathelo zokwelapha kwengqondo").

I-athikili ngesiNgisi: Umuzwa wokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yamathrendi ayisisekelo ekwelulekweni ngokwengqondo

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