I-Exophthalmos yigama elisetshenzisiwe ukubhekisa ekuvezweni kwamehlo amabili noma womabili ngaphandle komgwaqo. Siphinde sikhulume ngamehlo noma ngamehlo.

Iso libonakala likhudlwana, “livuleke” ngokwengeziwe, okungaphazamisa ukuvalwa kwejwabu leso ngaphezu kokubanga ukungaphatheki kahle kobuhle. I-Exophthalmos ayibangelwa ukwenyuka ngosayizi weso, kepha kunalokho inyuka ngosayizi wemisipha noma izakhiwo ngaphakathi kweso (ukutholakala kwesigaxa esweni). umzila). Iso eliqubukayo nalo lingaphambuka futhi libukeke libheka kolunye uhlangothi kuneso elijwayelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, noma kunjalo, womabili amehlo ayathinteka.

Ama-Exophthalmos angahlukaniswa noma ahlanganiswe nezinye izimpawu, njengokuncipha kokubona, ukubona kabili (diplopia), ubuhlungu, ububomvu, njll.

Ama-Exophthalmos angaba sobala futhi akhubaze, kepha akuhlali kusobala ngaso sonke isikhathi: kungatholwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamehlo okujwayelekile.

Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona ze-exophthalmos: i-endocrine, isimila, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlukumezeka nemithambo yegazi.

Udokotela wezifo zamehlo uzohlola isimo sokungezwani noma sokuhlangana kwamazwe amabili sokuphazamiseka, inkambo yaso (esheshayo noma cha), noma ngabe iso liphambukisiwe noma cha (“i-axillary” noma i-non-axillary character), kanye nomuzwa we “pulse” noma we-pulsation esweni (uhlamvu olushubile).

Ngokuvamile, ukuqala okungazelelwe kwama-exophthalmos kufana nokuhlukumezeka noma isifo sokuvuvukala. Lapho iqala kancane kancane, kubangelwa i-endocrine noma i-tumor pathology.

Nazi izimbangela ezivame kakhulu:

• Isifo se-Graves: lesi yisifo se-thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) ngokuvamile esivela kumzimba ozenzakalelayo. Ngokungaqondile ibangela ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zenhlamvu yeso, ezivuvukalayo futhi zenze iso liphume. Ezinye izifo ze-thyroid zingabandakanyeka (sikhuluma nge-dysthyroid orbitopathy ngokujwayelekile: i-hyperthyroidism kuma-80% wamacala, i-hypothyroidism cishe ngo-10%). Imvamisa, i-exophthalmos ihambisana.
• i-carotid-cavernous fistula: lokhu kuyimbangela etholakala njalo lapho i-exophthalmos ingahambelani futhi i-pulsatile. Kungukuxhumana okungajwayelekile phakathi kwe-carotid yangaphakathi ne-cavernous sinus (ukwakheka kwemithambo esezansi kogebhezi), imvamisa ngenxa yokuhlukumezeka. Kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, ngisho nokusongela impilo.
• Ama-exophthalmos abuhlungu: avela ngemuva kokushaqeka (i-hematoma, ukuqhekeka kwe-orbit, njll.) Noma ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda.
• Ama-exophthalmos athathelanayo: lokhu kuvame ukuba yimiphumela ye-ethmoiditis, okungukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-ethmoid, ithambo eliphakathi kwezisekelo ezimbili zamehlo. Ikakhulukazi kuthinta izingane nentsha.
• I-exophthalmos yokuvuvukala: imbangela yabo ayaziwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ingahlotshaniswa nezifo ezithile zesistimu ezifana ne-sarcoidosis, i-periarteritis nodosa, isifo sika-Wegener, i-vasculitis yokuvuvukala, njll. .
• I-tumor exophthalmos: kungenxa yokuba khona kwesisindo somzimba ku-eyeball. Izinhlobo eziningi zamathumba zingathinta le ndawo. Kungaba futhi ama-metastases avela kwenye indawo.

Ngaphezu kwesici esingabukeki se-exophthalmos, singaphazamisa umbono, sihambisane nobuhlungu, izinkinga ezibeka engcupheni umbono… Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wezifo zamehlo ngokushesha.

Lokhu kunezinsimbi eziningi zokuhlola ubucayi be-exophthalmos. Imvamisa, uzonikeza izivivinyo ze-imaging (CT scan, MRI) ukusungula ukuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa kwama-exophthalmos kuya ngesizathu. Kungokwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa.

Uma kwenzeka isifo se-thyroid, okuyisona sizathu esivame kakhulu, ukuthatha umuthi we-antithyroid ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuvame ukusiza ukubuyisela amazinga ejwayelekile wehomoni yegilo. Ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid nokuthatha iodine enemisebe nakho kungaphakanyiswa, kuya ngecala.

I-Exophthalmos ayihlali ithuthuka ngokwelashwa: kwesinye isikhathi iyandiswa nangayo. Ukuthatha i-corticosteroids kungasiza, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kungahlinzekwa ngokuhlinzwa, ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwamazinga ama-hormone.

Kwezinye izimo ze-exophthalmos, ngokuya ngesizathu, kungacatshangelwa izixazululo eziningana. Imiphumela incike esimweni nasesifo esiyimbangela yaso.