Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Endothelial kudlala indima enkulu ekuqaleni kwezifo futhi ikakhulukazi izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ungayichaza kanjani i-endothelium, iyini indima yayo? Yiziphi izinto ezinobungozi eziholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial?

I-vascular endothelium yakha umgoqo weselula phakathi kwezicubu negazi. Kuyisici esibalulekile ekulawulweni kwezinto ze-vasomotor zokuqina kwemithambo, ithoni nokwakheka kwemikhumbi. Amaseli we-Endothelial, ngokuphendula okushukumisayo, akhiqiza ama-molecule alawulayo.

Ukwehlisa ingozi yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, i-endothelium ngakho-ke iyisitho sokuqala sokuvikela nokwelapha.

Ngaphansi kwethonya lokuguga kanye nezici ezinobungozi zemithambo yegazi, i-endothelium ingenziwa isebenze futhi yenze ukuguqulwa kokusebenza okungaphazamisa lo msebenzi, bese umuntu ekhuluma "ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial".

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Endothelial kuchazwa njengokungajwayelekile ku-vasodilation exhomekeke endothelium ebangelwa ukuncipha kokutholakala kwezici ze-vasodilator, njenge-nitric oxide (NO), kanye nokusebenza kwe-endothelial okuwohlokayo. Lokhu kusebenze kubangela ukukhishwa kwama-molecule wokunamathela kusuka ku-endothelium kanye nama-macrophage (amaseli angamaseli amhlophe egazi, angena ngaphakathi kwezicubu. Ngesikhathi se-thrombosis nokuvuvukala, lawa ma-molecule abandakanyeka ekuqokweni kwama-leukocyte nokunamathela kweplatelet l.

Kunezici zobungozi bendabuko kanye nezingezona ezendabuko.

Izici zobungozi bendabuko

Phakathi kwezici zendabuko, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial kuyabonakala ezigulini ezinengozi yenhliziyo, i-dyslipidemia, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ugwayi, iminyaka yobudala nokuzalwa nakho kuyizici okufanele zicatshangelwe.

Izici ezingezona zendabuko

Phakathi kwezinto ezibizwa ngokungezona ezendabuko, kunokungalingani ekukhiqizeni i-vasodilator noma izinto ze-vasoconstrictor okuholela ekuguqulweni kwamandla we-vasodilator we-endothelium, umaki oyinhloko wokungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial.

Umsebenzi we-Endothelial, ngenxa yemiphumela ye-vasculoprotective ye-nitric oxide (NO), ivikela impilo yenhliziyo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Endothelial kuyinto ememezela ukuqala kwezifo ezithile:

• Imicimbi yenhliziyo;
• Ukumelana ne-insulin;
• I-hyperglycemia;
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme;
• I-Dyslipidemia.

Izidakamizwa ezisizayo zifaka ama-statins, anciphisa i-cholesterol noma ngabe amazinga e-cholesterol ejwayelekile noma ephakanyisiwe nje kancane, futhi kwezinye izimo i-aspirin noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet, izidakamizwa ezivimbela ama-platelets ekuhlanganeni nasekudaleni imithambo yegazi.

Eminye imishanguzo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanti eminye isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela nayo inciphisa ubungozi.

Izindlela zokuthola ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial, okuhlaselayo noma okungangenisi, okusebenzayo noma okuphilayo, kuyizindlela zolwazi ezithuthukisa ulwazi lwe-pathophysiology yenhliziyo futhi evumela, ngezinga elithile, ukuhlola ukusebenza kokungenelela kokwelapha. ekubikezelweni kwamaqembu athile eziguli.

Kubantu, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial kungalinganiselwa ngokulinganisa:

• Ukugxila kwePlasma kwama-metabolites e-dinitrogen monoxide (NO): umkhiqizo ongazinzile kakhulu, awunakunqunywa egazini, ngakolunye uhlangothi ukuzimisela kwama-metabolites ayo (ama-nitrites nama-nitrate) kungenzeka emchameni;
• Ukugxila kwePlasma kwama-molecule wokunamathela: lawa ma-molecule abamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokuvuvukala ngokuvumela ukunamathela kwama-monocyte ku-endothelium, lapho-ke ukufuduka kwawo kungene odongeni lwangaphakathi lwemithambo nemithambo;
• Amamaki okuvuvukala.

Izimpawu eziningi zebhayoloji nazo zifakazela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial. Amaprotheni asebenza ngokuzwela kakhulu e-C (CRP) kanye ne-extracellular superoxide dismutase (uhlelo olunamandla lwe-enzyme) aphakathi kwawo.

Ukuvikela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-endothelial, kuphakanyiswe amasu amaningi kubandakanya ukudla. Iqhakanjiswa indima yezakhi zokudla njengamafutha acid, amavithamini e-antioxidant, i-folate, uvithamini D nama-polyphenols.

• Izinga eliphansi levithamini D liholela engcupheni enkulu yesifo senhliziyo kanye nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2;
• Ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative kungathinta ukusebenza kwe-endothelial ngokuvuvukala futhi kunciphise ukutholakala kwe-NO;
• I-Lycopene, i-antioxidant enamandla, izonciphisa omaka bokusebenzisa i-endothelium, amaprotheni asebenzayo we-C, kanye ne-systolic blood pressure futhi kuzoba nemiphumela emihle ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative;
• Ama-polyphenols ahlinzekwa ikakhulukazi izithelo, imifino, ukhokho, itiye newayini elibomvu. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephansi yesifo senhliziyo.