I-electrocardiograph irekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo futhi ihlola isimo sayo sempilo ngokuthola noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe, okwaziwa nge-electrocardiogram, kungenye yokuhlolwa kwenhliziyo ebalulekile okwenziwa phakathi nanoma yikuphi ukubonisana kwenhliziyo.

Umsebenzi wenhliziyo ungaphansi kwe-electrical nerve impulse eyenza ukufinyela kwayo kanye nokukhululeka kwayo ngendlela ezenzakalelayo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile. Lo mfutho wezinzwa, osuka endaweni ye-sinus etholakala phezulu kwe-atrium yesokudla, udluliselwa kumaseli emisipha yenhliziyo angomakhelwane ngendlela yamaza kagesi ahamba aye ngasechosheni lenhliziyo (ngezansi kwesokunxele).

Ama-electrocardiographs aqopha lawa maza kagesi enhliziyo futhi awahumushe abe ijika, ukuhlaziya okunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nemvamisa kanye nemvelo yamasignali aqoshiwe futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukudweba imephu enembile yenhliziyo kanye nezinsimbi zayo zokusebenza: lokhu i-electrocardiogram (ECG).

Ukubunjwa

I-Electrocardiographs yenziwe ngezinto ezi-3:

• imonitha, ifakwe isikrini, esirekhoda imizwa kagesi yenhliziyo;
• ama-electrode, alahlwayo noma angasetshenziswa kabusha;
• izintambo zokuxhuma ama-electrode kumonitha.

Amafomethi ahlukene

I-Electrocardiographs ikhona ngamafomethi ahlukene:

• elungisiwe kukhabhinethi;
• ephathekayo enqoleni (7 kuya ku-10 kilogram);
• ultraportable (ngaphansi kwekhilogremu engu-1 futhi isebenza ngebhethri elishajekayo).

Ukucacisa i-ECG kuvumela udokotela ukuthi azi ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi ahlole izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene ne-arrhythmias, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma isifo senhliziyo:

• i-tachycardia;
• i-bradycardia;
• i-arrhythmia;
• i-extrasystole;
• i-torsade de pointe;
• i-fibrillation ye-ventricular;
• i-ischemia;
• i-infarction;
• i-pericarditis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium);
• izifo ze-valve (ezihambisana ne-atrial kanye / noma i-ventricular hypertrophy);
• njll

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG

I-electrocardiograph irekhoda amaza kagesi enhliziyo ngama-electrode abekwe esikhumbeni sesiguli ezindaweni ezithile. Ama-electrode asebenza ngamabili. Ngokushintsha inhlanganisela yama-electrode, sithola imikhondo ehlukene, eyi-12 kubo bonke, evumela ukuthi i-ECG ilandelwe.

I-ECG igrafu edwetshwe ephepheni legrafu, i-eksisi eqondile ehambisana nobukhulu besiginali kagesi (ene-1 mV = 1 cm) kanye ne-eksisi evundlile kuze kube isikhathi sayo (isekhondi elingu-1 = 25 mm). Wonke amashadi akalwa ngendlela efanayo ngezinjongo zokuqhathanisa.

Ukuhunyushwa kwe-ECG

• Igagasi elingu-P liyigagasi lokuqala elirekhodiwe: isignali kagesi, evela ku-sinus node, ifinyelela ku-atria lapho inkontileka yokuvumela igazi ukuba lidlulele kuma-ventricles;
• Le nkimbinkimbi ye-QRS elandelayo ihlukaniswe yaba amagagasi angu-3: U-Q no-S afanekisela ukuxegiswa kwe-atria nokugcwaliswa kwawo, kanye no-R ohambisana nokufinyela kwe-ventricle okuvumela ukukhishelwa kwegazi emithanjeni. I-QRS isiza futhi ukunquma i-eksisi kagesi yenhliziyo;
• I-T wave iyigagasi lokugcina: lihambisana nokuphumula kwama-ventricles;
• Ingxenye ye-PQ yisikhathi esithathayo ukuze igagasi likagesi lihambe lisuka ku-atria liye kuma-ventricles: lokhu kuyi-atrioventricular conduction;
• Ingxenye ye-ST imelela ukuphela kokufinyela kwe-ventricular;
• Isikhawu se-QT sihambisana nobude be-systole ye-ventricular, okusho ukuthi umjikelezo ophelele wokufinyela / ukuphumula kwama-ventricles.

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo linani lama-QRS complexes ngomzuzu. Ngokuvamile kuba ngu-60 kuya ku-100 bpm (amabhithi ngomzuzu) lapho uphumule.

I-ECG engavamile

Ama-ECG ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluningi mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo. Ukushintsha ubude besikhathi, ubukhulu, isiqondiso samagagasi kanye / noma ukuvela kwezimpawu ezengeziwe kuyizimpawu zokungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wenhliziyo angase futhi a-ode i-ambulatory Holter eqoshiwe ethatha amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48, lapho isiguli kumelwe siqaphele izikhathi zaso zokusebenza nokuphumula, kanye nanoma yiluphi olunye ulwazi olungase lukhanyise. incazelo ye-ECG. I-Holter ingase ivumele ukutholwa kwezinkinga zenhliziyo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izigaba zokusebenza

Ukuhlolwa, okungavamisile futhi okungenabuhlungu, kuthatha imizuzu eyi-10. Kungenziwa esibhedlela, ehhovisi le-cardiologist noma udokotela, ekhaya, noma ngaphandle kodokotela abaphuthumayo.

Isiguli silele izandla zaso zisemaceleni, imilenze yaso yeluliwe. Kufanele ikhululeke ukuze igweme ukuphazamiseka kagesi ekufinyezweni kweminye imisipha. Ama-electrode, ahlanganiswe nejeli e-conductive, abekwe esikhumbeni sesiguli, okumele sihlanzeke, some futhi siphuce uma kunesidingo ukuze sivumele ukunamathela kahle. Ukuma kwabo kuthobela imithetho enemba kakhulu:

• Ama-electrode angu-4 angaphambili abekwe ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni: avumela ukwazi i-eksisi kagesi yenhliziyo.
• Ama-electrode angu-6 angaphambili abekwe ku-thorax: 2 ukutadisha umsebenzi kagesi we-ventricle efanele, 2 ukutadisha udonga lwe-interventricular kanye nechopho lenhliziyo, kanye no-2 we-ventricle yesokunxele.

Kungafakwa ama-electrode afinyelela ku-18 ukuthatha i-ECG. Izindawo zokubeka zihlale zifana ukuze ama-ECG akhiqizwayo aqhathaniswe.

Ukuyisebenzisa nini?

I-ECG ingenziwa njengokuhlola okuvamile ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kahle yini, njengokuhlola okulandelwayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa, noma njengokuhlolwa kokuxilonga lapho isiguli sikhononda ngobuhlungu, isiyezi noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo. inhliziyo.

I-ECG ingenziwa futhi njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, kumsubathi isibonelo. Kulokhu, isiguli kufanele sikhiqize umzamo oqhubekayo wemizuzu eyi-10 kuye kwengama-30. Kunama-electrode ambalwa futhi izinga lokuphefumula nomfutho wegazi kukalwa ngokuhambisana.

Izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe

Akukho ukuphikisana noma ukulungiswa kwesiguli esithile sokwenza i-ECG.

Umsebenzisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi i-electrocardiograph ilungiswe kahle: akukho ukuphazamiseka, isisekelo esizinzile, ukulinganisa okulungile (10 mm / mV), isivinini esihle sokugeleza kwephepha (25 mm / sec), umkhondo ongaguquki (ama-electrode akufanele ahlehliswe).

Indlela yokukhetha

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrocardiographs kukhawulelwe kubasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Amaphuzu amaningana kufanele acatshangelwe lapho uthenga i-electrocardiograph:

• ukusetshenziswa kokuhlala noma ukuhambahamba;
• sebenzisa izilinganiso ekuphumuleni noma ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka;
• isikrini: usayizi, umbala, inombolo yamathrekhi aboniswayo, isikrini esithintwayo noma cha;
• ukuphrinta kwe-ECGs;
• ukunikezwa kwamandla: amapayipi amakhulu, ibhethri elishajekayo, amabhethri;
• umthamo wenkumbulo wokulondoloza okurekhodiwe;
• uxhumano: uxhumano lwe-Bluetooth, i-USB;
• ukuba khona kwesoftware enikezelwe ekuchazeni idatha;
• izesekeli: iphepha lokunyathelisa, amasethi ama-electrode, izintambo, ikesi elithwalayo, njll.;
• inani: ama-euro angamakhulu ambalwa kuya kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa;
• ukuqinisekiswa kwamazinga (ukumaka kwe-CE).