Kunomfutho okhulayo emphakathini, iziphathimandla ziya ngokuya zikhombisa ukungakwazi ukusebenza, futhi sizizwa singenamandla futhi sisaba. Ungabheka kuphi izinsiza esimweni esinjalo? Sizama ukubheka impilo yenhlalo ngeso lesazi sezombangazwe u-Ekaterina Shulman.
Esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka odlule, saqala ukulandela ngokuthakazelisa ukushicilelwa nezinkulumo zikasosayensi wezombangazwe u-Ekaterina Shulman: samangazwa ukuzwakala kwezahlulelo zakhe nokucaca kolimi lwakhe. Abanye baze bambize ngokuthi "i-collective psychotherapist." Simeme uchwepheshe ehhovisi labahleli ukuze abone ukuthi lo mphumela wenziwa kanjani.
Psychology: Kunomuzwa wokuthi kunento ebaluleke kakhulu eyenzekayo emhlabeni. Izinguquko zomhlaba wonke ezikhuthaza abanye abantu, kuyilapho abanye bekhathazeka.
U-Ekaterina Shulman: Okwenzeka emnothweni womhlaba kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “inguquko yesine yezimboni”. Kutshoni lokhu? Okokuqala, ukusabalala kwamarobhothi, i-automation kanye nolwazi, ukushintshela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umnotho wangemuva kwabasebenzi". Umsebenzi womuntu uthatha ezinye izinhlobo, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngokusobala kuhamba ezandleni eziqinile zamarobhothi. Inani eliyinhloko ngeke libe yimithombo yezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa inani elingeziwe - lokho umuntu anezela: ubuciko bakhe, umcabango wakhe.
Indawo yesibili yoshintsho iwukuba sobala. Ubumfihlo, njengoba kwaqondwa ngaphambili, buyasishiya futhi, ngokusobala, ngeke bubuye, sizohlala emphakathini. Kodwa umbuso uzophinde ube obala kithi. Kumanje, isithombe samandla sesivuleke emhlabeni wonke, lapho kungekho khona abahlakaniphileyo baseSiyoni nabapristi abagqoke izingubo, kodwa kukhona abantu abadidekile, abangafundile kakhulu, abazithandayo futhi abangenalo uzwelo kakhulu. imizwa engahleliwe.
Lesi esinye sezizathu zezinguquko zezombangazwe ezenzeka emhlabeni: ukuchithwa kwamandla, ukuphucwa kwe-halo engcwele yokufihla.
Kubonakala sengathi bayanda abantu abangenamakhono.
Uguquko lwe-inthanethi, futhi ikakhulukazi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngemishini ephathwayo, ilethe enkulumweni yomphakathi abantu ababengakaze babambe iqhaza kukho ngaphambilini. Kulokhu kunomuzwa wokuthi yonke indawo kugcwele abantu abangafundile abakhuluma umbhedo, futhi noma yimuphi umbono oyisiphukuphuku unesisindo esifanayo nombono osekelwe kahle. Kithina kubukeka sengathi inqwaba yezigangi zifike okhethweni zizovotela ezinye ezifana nazo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyintando yeningi. Ngaphambilini, labo ababenezinsiza, isifiso, amathuba, isikhathi babambe iqhaza okhethweni ...
Nentshisekelo ethile...
Yebo, ikhono lokuqonda okwenzekayo, kungani kuvotwa, yiliphi ikhandidethi noma iqembu elifanele izintshisekelo zabo. Lokhu kudinga umzamo omkhulu wokuhlakanipha. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinga lengcebo nemfundo emiphakathini - ikakhulukazi emhlabeni wokuqala - liye lenyuka kakhulu. Isikhala solwazi sesivulekele wonke umuntu. Wonke umuntu akatholanga nje kuphela ilungelo lokwamukela nokusabalalisa ulwazi, kodwa nelungelo lokukhuluma.
Yini engiyibona njengezizathu zokuba nethemba elilinganiselwe? Ngikholelwa embonweni wokunciphisa udlame
Lokhu kuwuguquko oluqhathaniswa nokusungulwa kokuphrinta. Nokho, lezo zinqubo esizibona njengezithusayo aziwubhidli umphakathi. Kukhona ukulungiswa kabusha kwamandla, izinhlelo zokuthatha izinqumo. Ngokuvamile, intando yeningi iyasebenza. Ukuheha abantu abasha abangakaze bahlanganyele kwezombusazwe kuyisivivinyo sohlelo lwentando yeningi. Kodwa ngibona ukuthi okwamanje usengakwazi ukumelana nakho, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi uzogcina ephila. Asethembe ukuthi izinhlelo ezingakavuthwa ngentando yeningi ngeke zibe ogibeni lwalolu vivinyo.
Ukuba yisakhamuzi esiphusile kungase kubukeke kanjani kuntando yeningi engavuthiwe?
Azikho izimfihlo noma izindlela eziyimfihlo lapha. I-Information Age isinika isethi enkulu yamathuluzi ukusiza ukuhlanganisa ngokuvumelana nezintshisakalo. Ngisho intshisekelo yomphakathi, hhayi ukuqoqwa kwezitembu (yize nalokhu kwakamuva kulungile). Isithakazelo sakho njengesakhamuzi singase sibe ukuthi awusivali isibhedlela endaweni yakini, awugawuli ipaki, wakhe umbhoshongo egcekeni lakho, noma ungabhidli into oyithandayo. Uma uqashiwe, kungokwentshisekelo yakho ukuthi amalungelo akho omsebenzi avikelwe. Kuyamangaza ukuthi asinayo inhlangano yezinyunyana - nakuba iningi labantu liqashiwe.
Akulula ukuthatha futhi wakhe inyunyana yabasebenzi…
Okungenani ungacabanga ngakho. Qaphela ukuthi ukubukeka kwakhe kuthakazelisa wena. Lokhu ukuxhumana neqiniso engikubizayo. Inhlangano yezithakazelo wukwakhiwa kohlaka oluthatha indawo yezikhungo zikahulumeni ezingathuthukisiwe nezingasebenzi kahle.
Kusukela ngo-2012, senza ucwaningo lwe-pan-European ngenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi - i-Eurobarometer. Ifunda inani lezibopho zomphakathi, eziqinile nezibuthakathaka. Eziqinile ubudlelwano obuseduze nokusizana, futhi obubuthakathaka wukucobelelana ngolwazi kuphela, abantu obajwayele. Minyaka yonke abantu ezweni lakithi bakhuluma ngokuxhumana okwengeziwe, kokubili okubuthakathaka nokunamandla.
Mhlawumbe kuhle?
Lokhu kuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yenhlalakahle kangangoba kunxephezela nokunganeliseki ngohlelo lombuso. Siyabona ukuthi asisodwa, futhi sinenjabulo enganele. Isibonelo, umuntu othi (ngokomuzwa wakhe) anokuxhumana nabantu abaningi uthambekele kakhulu ekuthatheni imalimboleko: "Uma kukhona, bazongisiza." Futhi embuzweni othi “Uma ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wakho, kulula yini kuwe ukuwuthola?” uthambekele ekuphenduleni: “Yebo, ngezinsuku ezintathu!”
Ingabe lolu hlelo losekelo lungabangane benkundla yezokuxhumana?
Kuhlanganisa. Kodwa ukuxhumana esikhaleni esibonakalayo kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwenani lokuxhumana empeleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucindezela kombuso wamaSoviet, okwasenqabela abathathu bethu ukuba sihlangane, ngisho nokufunda iLenin, kwakungasekho. Umcebo usukhulile, futhi saqala ukwakha ezitezi ezingaphezulu ze-"Maslow pyramid", futhi kukhona nesidingo somsebenzi ohlangene, ukuze kugunyazwe umakhelwane.
Okuningi kwalokho uhulumeni okufanele asenzele kona, siyazihlela ngenxa yokuxhumana
Futhi futhi, ulwazi. Bekunjani ngaphambili? Umuntu ushiya idolobha lakubo eyofunda - futhi kunjalo, uzobuyela khona kuphela ngomngcwabo wabazali bakhe. Endaweni entsha, udala ukuxhumana nabantu kusukela ekuqaleni. Manje siphatha ukuxhumana kwethu nathi. Futhi senza oxhumana nabo abasha babe lula kakhulu ngenxa yezindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana. Kukunika umuzwa wokulawula impilo yakho.
Ingabe lokhu kuqiniseka kuthinta impilo yangasese kuphela noma umbuso?
Sesincipha kancane embusweni ngenxa yokuthi siwumnyango wethu wezempilo nezemfundo, amaphoyisa kanye nomnyango wemingcele. Okuningi okumele sikwenzelwe umbuso, sizihlelela ngenxa yokuxhumana kwethu. Ngenxa yalokho, okuxakayo, kukhona inkohliso yokuthi izinto zihamba kahle, ngakho-ke, umbuso usebenza kahle. Yize singamboni njalo. Ake sithi asiyi emtholampilo, kodwa shayela udokotela ngasese. Sithumela izingane zethu esikoleni esinconywe abangani. Sifuna abahlanza, abahlengikazi nabahlanza izindlu ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Okusho ukuthi, siphila nje «phakathi kwethu», ngaphandle kokuthonya izinqumo? Cishe eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, kwakubonakala sengathi ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi kuzoletha ushintsho lwangempela.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ohlelweni lwepolitiki amandla aqhubayo akuyena umuntu, kodwa inhlangano. Uma ungahlelekile, awukho, awunakho ipolitiki. Sidinga uhlaka: iSociety for the Protection of Women from Violence, inyunyana yabasebenzi, iqembu, inyunyana yabazali abathintekayo. Uma unesakhiwo, ungathatha isinyathelo sepolitiki. Uma kungenjalo, umsebenzi wakho ungokwesiqephu. Bangena ezitaladini, bahamba. Kwabe sekwenzeka okunye, baphinde bahamba.
Kunenzuzo enkulu futhi kuphephile ukuphila ngaphansi kwentando yeningi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imibuso
Ukuze umuntu abe nobuntu obunwetshiwe, kufanele abe nenhlangano. Kukuphi lapho umphakathi wethu ophumelele khona kakhulu? Emkhakheni wezenhlalakahle: ukugada kanye nokugada, izindawo zokuhlala abantu abagulela ukufa, ukudambisa izinhlungu, ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo eziguli neziboshwa. Izinguquko kulezi zindawo zenzeke ngaphansi kwengcindezi ikakhulukazi evela ezinhlanganweni ezingenzi nzuzo. Bangena ezakhiweni zomthetho ezifana nemikhandlu yochwepheshe, babhale amaphrojekthi, bafakazele, bachaze, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, ngokusekelwa abezindaba, izinguquko emithethweni kanye nezinqubo zenzeka.
Ingabe isayensi yezombangazwe ikunikeza izizathu zokuba nethemba namuhla?
Kuya ngokuthi yini oyibiza ngethemba. Ithemba kanye nokungabi nathemba yimibono ehlaziyayo. Uma sikhuluma ngokuzinza kwesimiso sezombangazwe, ingabe lokhu kukhuthaza ithemba? Abanye besaba ukuketulwa umbuso, kuyilapho abanye, mhlawumbe, bekulindele nje. Yini engiyibona njengezizathu zokuba nethemba elilinganiselwe? Ngiyakholelwa kuthiyori yokunciphisa udlame ephakanyiswe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uSteven Pinker. Isici sokuqala esiholela ekwehleni kodlame isimo esiphakathi nendawo, esizithathela udlame ezandleni zaso.
Kukhona nezinye izici. Uhwebo: umthengi ophilayo unenzuzo enkulu kunesitha esifile. Ukwenziwa kwabesifazane: abesifazane abaningi babamba iqhaza empilweni yezenhlalo, ukunaka izindinganiso zabesifazane kuyakhula. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke: sibona ukuthi abantu bahlala yonke indawo futhi akukho lapho bephethwe yizinja. Okokugcina, ukungena kolwazi, isivinini kanye nokutholakala kalula kolwazi. Ezweni lokuqala, izimpi eziqondile, lapho amabutho amabili elwa, azinakwenzeka kakade.
Yilokho okubi kakhulu ngemuva kwethu?
Kunoma yikuphi, kunenzuzo enkulu futhi kuphephile ukuphila ngaphansi kwentando yeningi uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imibuso. Kodwa inqubekelaphambili esikhuluma ngayo ayiwuhlanganisi uMhlaba wonke. Kungase kube khona "amaphakethe" omlando, izimbobo ezimnyama lapho amazwe ngamanye awela khona. Ngenkathi abantu bakwamanye amazwe bejabulela ikhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukubulawa kwenhlonipho, izindinganiso "zendabuko", ukushaywa, izifo kanye nobumpofu kuyachuma lapho. Hhayi-ke, ngingathini — angeke ngithande ukuba phakathi kwabo.