Okuqukethwe
The forests of Primorsky Krai are unusually “prolific” for mushrooms. Here grow such types of fruiting bodies that are not found at all in other regions of the Federation, or are found, but very rarely. According to experts, about 800 species of mushrooms grow in this area, 300 of them are edible.
Amakhowe emigqa awabhekwa njengokuthandwa, kodwa lokhu kuyinhlobo emangalisayo futhi ehlukahlukene "embusweni" wamakhowe. Imigqa ikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu, noma kunalokho, emigqeni, ebonisa igama labo. Endaweni encane, ungathatha obhasikidi abambalwa balawa makhowe. Cishe zonke izindawo zamahlathi eZweni Lethu zicebile kule mizimba ethela izithelo. Amakhowe emigqa nawo atholakala e-Primorsky Territory.
Iphunga nokunambitheka kwemigqa yolwandle kuphezulu kakhulu, lokhu kubonakala ikakhulukazi kumakhowe amancane. Kule nsimu, izinhlobo ezi-2 zemigqa zibhekwa njengezivame kakhulu: ezimpunga, kanye nepinki noma i-violet. Kodwa-ke, abathandi abaningi "abazingela buthule" ngokuvamile abaqoqi lezi zidumbu zezithelo, ngoba besaba ukudidanisa nezinhlobo ezingenakudliwa nezinobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa idinga indlela ekhethekile - kumele ifakwe futhi ibiliswe emanzini anosawoti.
Imigqa ye-Primorsky Krai ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zasentwasahlobo, zasehlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlukaniswe abe amakhowe adliwayo, anemibandela futhi anobuthi.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, izinhlobo ezipinki nezimpunga zingamakhowe adliwayo kakhulu e-Primorsky Krai, ngakho-ke sinikeza izithombe zalezi zidumbu ezithela izithelo.
Ngokuvamile zimila emahlathini avuthulukayo, ane-oki ekhula kakhulu. Zingabuye zitholakale emahlathini axubile kanye nama-coniferous. Lezi yizinhlobo ezidliwayo zemigqa, kodwa zibukeka zethuka ngenxa yombala wazo ongajwayelekile. Uma umqophi wamakhowe engazi ukuthi angayibona kanjani imizimba enjalo ethela izithelo, akasoze ayikhetha, ecabanga ukuthi ama-toadstool.
Noma yimaphi amakhowe adliwayo akhula e-Primorsky Territory, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezidliwayo ezinombandela, kufanele abe ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala ngendlela yokubilisa imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-40, kuye ngosayizi.
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Umugqa ophinki wamakhowe e-Primorye
Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngesithombe kanye nencazelo yefungus yomugqa we-Primorsky Territory - umugqa we-violet noma pink.
Igama lesi Latin: Dlula kuyo.
Umndeni: Okuvamile.
Hlunga nge: I-Lepista.
omqondofana: ukugwedla oku-violet, i-violet noma i-lepista epinki.
umugqa: ububanzi busuka ku-4 kuye ku-15 cm, bukhulu, bukhulu. Ukuma kwekepisi kuma-specimens amancane kumise okwe-cushion, bese kugoba. Kumakhowe amadala, imiphetho yekepisi ayilingani nokuqhekeka. Inombala onsundu ngokubomvana, inomthunzi omnyama maphakathi.
Umlenze: zikhulu, zinkulu ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-2 cm ububanzi. Ukuphakama kusuka ku-5 cm kuya ku-10, ngezinye izikhathi kufika ku-12 cm ngesisekelo esinwetshiwe. Ukhilimu omhlophe noma opinki. Phezu kwesiqu kukhona imivimbo eqondile eqondile, kwesinye isikhathi ayibonakali kakhulu.
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I-Pulp: mhlophe, iphenduka pink lapho iphukile, iminyene, iminyene ngephunga elimnandi le-violet kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi. Inyama yomlenze iqinile futhi ine-fibrous.
Amarekhodi: ikhululekile futhi kaningi, ingafinyeleli esiqwini esikhulu. Ezifanekisweni ezincane, amapuleti anombala omhlophe, aba pink ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-spore powder: obomvana.
Isicelo: esetshenziswa ekuphekeni nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, iboleka ngokuphelele ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zokucubungula, kufaka phakathi i-pickling kanye ne-salting. Ngezinjongo zokwelapha, ukugwedla okuluhlaza akusetshenziswa.
Ukudla: amakhowe adliwayo, okukhumbuza ukunambitheka kokugwedla okunsomi noma kwe-lilac.
Ukufana nokuhluka: ifana kakhulu nesikhulumi esimhlophe esibhemayo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sakamuva sinephunga elingathandeki kanye ne-pulp yomlenze oxekethile.
Spread: umbono wasekwindla womugqa obomvana e-Primorye ukhula emahlathini aluhlaza naxubile, angavamile kakhulu kuma-coniferous. Isikhathi sokuvuna singoSepthemba no-Okthoba. Ikhula emigqeni ebanzi noma yakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “imibuthano yabathakathi”.
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Ukugwedla okumpunga kwamakhowe eningizimu yePrimorsky Krai
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Olunye uhlobo oluvamile lwamakhowe okugwedla e-Primorye yikhowe lokugwedla elimpunga. Abacosha amakhowe bathi amakhowe angadliwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo - anosawoti, afakwe emanzini anosawoti, athosiwe, afakwe isitshulu, eqandisiwe ngisho noshizi.
Kunomugqa ompunga endaweni epholile yesifunda. Ikhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi ngisho naphansi kwehlathi, kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya maphakathi noNovemba. Isiqongo sokuqoqwa siphakathi kukaSepthemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Imigqa empunga ekhula e-Primorye inokunambitheka okumangalisayo, nakuba ingeyesigaba sesi-4 sokuhleleka. Zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa makhowe alungele ukuqoqa, ukuqoqa, ukuthosa, ukupheka.
Eningizimu ye-Primorsky Krai, amakhowe emigqa empunga ancamela ukukhula kuphayini noma emahlathini axubile, ikakhulukazi lapho kunobuningi be-moss namaqabunga awile. Nakuba umbala wawo ungakhanyi kakhulu, amakhowe atholakala kalula ebusweni bomhlaba, akhula ngamaqembu amakhulu noma imigqa.
Sikunikeza ukuthi ubuke isithombe somugqa okhula e-Primorsky Territory futhi ujwayelane nencazelo yaleli khowa.
Igama lesi Latin: I-Tricholoma portentosum.
Umndeni: Okuvamile.
Hlunga nge: I-Trichol.
omqondofana: i-sandpiper empunga, umugqa ochanyuselwe, i-podsosnovik.
umugqa: kusuka ku-4 cm kuya ku-12 cm ububanzi, inyama, ene-tubercle phakathi nendawo, ebushelelezi kuya ekuthinteni. Imizimba emincane ethela izithelo inomumo oyindilinga-oyindilinga, eba isicaba ngokuya ngeminyaka, icishe igobe ngokungahambi kahle. Amaphethelo asongekile wekepisi aqhekeka ngokukhula futhi agobe phezulu. Umbala uyahlukahluka ukusuka kompunga okumnyama kuye kompunga ngokukhanyayo nengxube yemibala yomnqumo noma ensomi. Umbala wobuso bekepisi awulingani, uphakathi nendawo emnyama. Uma lina, isigqoko siyashelela futhi sinamathele. Naka isithombe sekhowe eliwumugqa elitholakala ePrimorsky Krai:
Umlenze: inomumo oyisilinda onesisekelo esibanzi. Ukuphakama kufika ku-10-12 cm ububanzi obufika ku-3 cm, i-fibrous. Emakhowe amancane, isakhiwo se-stem siqinile futhi siminyene, kumakhowe amadala angenalutho. Kaningi umlenze ucwiliswa ngokuphelele ku-moss noma kudoti we-deciduous-coniferous. Umbala unompunga ngokuphuzi okuthile, engxenyeni engenhla yomlenze imbozwe nge-powdery coating.
I-Pulp: grey noma off-white, ingase ibephuzi uma iphukile. Iminyene, inephunga likafulawa osanda kumiswa kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi.
Amarekhodi: ibanzi ngokwanele, iyajikajika, ayivamile, imhlophe. Lapho esekhulile, amapuleti athola umbala ompunga.
Ukudla: isigaba samakhowe adliwayo 4.
Spread: amakhowe olwandle akhetha amahlathi e-coniferous nahlanganisiwe, lapho isimo esiyinhloko siwukuba khona kwephayini. Kungalezi zihlahla lapho imigqa empunga ithanda ukwenza i-mycorrhiza. Zikhula kusukela ngoSepthemba kuze kufike ungqoqwane, zithela izithelo ndawonye, zenze imigqa emikhulu nebanzi noma imibuthano yamakhowe ampunga.