Ngokusho kwamalungu e-People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), izilwane akufanele zigcinwe ema-zoo. Ukugcina ingwe noma ibhubesi ekhejini elinyinyekile kuyingozi empilweni yabo engokomzimba neyengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuphephile ngaso sonke isikhathi kubantu. Endle, ingwe ihamba amakhulu amakhilomitha, kodwa lokhu akunakwenzeka ezu. Lokhu kuvalelwa ngenkani kungaholela ekubeni nesithukuthezi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuthile okuvamile ezilwaneni eziziqiwini. Uma uke wabona isilwane sibonisa impatho ephindaphindayo efana nokunyakaza, ukushwiba emagatsheni, noma ukuhamba ngokungapheli endaweni ebiyelwe, cishe sinalesi sifo. Ngokusho kwe-PETA, ezinye izilwane eziziqiwini zihlafuna izitho zazo futhi zikhiphe uboya bazo, okubangela ukuthi zijovwe ngamaphilisi okucindezeleka.
Ibhere elimhlophe okuthiwa u-Gus, eligcinwe e-Central Park Zoo yaseNew York futhi labulawa ngo-August 2013 ngenxa yesimila esingasebenzi, kwakuyisilwane sokuqala se-zoo esanikezwa i-Prozac eqeda ukucindezeleka. Wayelokhu ebhukuda echibini lakhe, ngezinye izikhathi amahora angu-12 ngosuku, noma exosha izingane ngefasitela lakhe elingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakhe okungavamile, wathola isiteketiso esithi “bipolar bear”.
Ukucindezeleka akugcini ezilwaneni ezihlala emhlabeni. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinjengemikhomo ebulalayo, amahlengethwa nama-porpoise agcinwe emapaki olwandle nawo athola izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yengqondo. Njengoba intatheli kanye nesishoshovu se-vegan u-Jane Velez-Mitchell ecabanga kuvidiyo ka-2016 Blackfish edalula: “Uma ubuzivalele kubhavu iminyaka engu-25, awucabangi ukuthi uzoba nengqondo encane?” U-Tilikum, umkhomo ongumbulali wesilisa ovezwe kule filimu, wabulala abantu abathathu evalelwe, ababili kubo okungabaqeqeshi bakhe. Endle, imikhomo ebulalayo ayilokothi ihlasele abantu. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukukhungatheka njalo kokuphila ekuthunjweni kubangela ukuba izilwane zihlasele. Isibonelo, ngoMashi 2019, e-Arizona Zoo, owesifazane wahlaselwa yi-jaguar ngemuva kokugibela umgoqo ukuze azishuthe isithombe ozishuthe sona. I-zoo yenqaba ukukhulula i-jaguar, iphikisa ngokuthi iphutha likuwesifazane. Njengoba i-zoo ngokwayo yavuma ngemva kokuhlasela, i-jaguar iyisilwane sasendle esiziphatha ngendlela engokwemvelo yaso.
Izindawo zokukhosela zinokuziphatha okuhle kune-zoo
Ngokungafani nama-zoo, izindawo zokukhosela izilwane azithengi noma azizaleli izilwane. Okuwukuphela kwenhloso yazo ukuhlenga, ukunakekelwa, ukuvuselelwa nokuvikela izilwane ezingasakwazi ukuhlala endle. Isibonelo, i-Elephant Nature Park enyakatho yeThailand ihlenga futhi inakekele izindlovu ezithintwe umkhakha wezokuvakasha wezindlovu. E-Thailand, izilwane zisetshenziswa emasekisini, kanye nokucela emgwaqweni nokugibela. Izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukudedelwa zibuyele endle, ngakho izisebenzi zokuzithandela ziyazinakekela.
Amanye ama-zoo ngezinye izikhathi asebenzisa igama elithi “reserve” egameni lawo ukuze adukise abathengi ukuba bacabange ukuthi le ndawo inezimiso zokuziphatha ezingaphezu kwalokho eziyikho ngempela.
Ama-zoo aseceleni komgwaqo athandwa kakhulu e-US, lapho izilwane zivame ukugcinwa emakhejini aminyene kakhonkolo. Ziyingozi futhi kumakhasimende, ngokusho kweThe Guardian, ngo-2016 okungenani ama-zoo angama-75 aseceleni komgwaqo anikeze ithuba lokuxhumana namahlosi, amabhubesi, izinkawu namabhere.
“Inani lama-zoo aseduze nomgwaqo anezela amagama athi “indawo yokukhosela” noma “indawo yokubeka” emagameni awo liye landa ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni yamuva. Abantu abaningi ngokwemvelo baya ezindaweni ezithi zisindisa izilwane futhi zizinikeze indawo engcwele, kodwa amaningi ala ma-zoo awawona nje abathengisi bamagama abahle. Umgomo oyinhloko wanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala noma isiphephelo sezilwane ukuzihlinzeka ngokuphepha kanye nezimo zokuphila ezinethezekile kakhulu. Ayikho indawo yokuhlala yezilwane esemthethweni ezalanisa noma edayisa izilwane. Ayikho indawo yezilwane ehlonishwayo evumela noma yikuphi ukuxhumana nezilwane, okuhlanganisa nokuthatha izithombe nezilwane noma ukuzikhipha ukuze zibukiswe esidlangalaleni,” kubika i-PETA.
Abashisekeli bamalungelo ezilwane baye benza intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva. Amazwe amaningi avimbele amasekisi asebenzisa izilwane zasendle, futhi izinkampani eziningi ezinkulu zezokuvakasha ziyekile ukukhuthaza ukugibela izindlovu, izindawo zokulondoloza ingwe mbumbulu kanye nezindawo ezihlala emanzini ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwamalungelo ezilwane. Ngo-Agasti odlule, i-Buffalo Zoo enempikiswano yaseNew York yavala umbukiso wayo wezindlovu. Ngokwe-International Organization for Animal Welfare, i-zoo iye yakleliswa “Eziqiwini Eziyi-10 Ezimbi Kakhulu Ezindlovu” izikhathi eziningana.
NgoFebhuwari odlule, i-Inubasaka Marine Park Aquarium yaseJapan yaphoqeleka ukuthi ivalwe njengoba ukuthengiswa kwamathikithi kwehla. Ngokungcono kakhulu, i-aquarium yamukela izivakashi ezingu-300 ngonyaka, kodwa njengoba abantu abaningi beqaphela unya lwezilwane, lelo nani lehla laya ku-000.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi iqiniso elingokoqobo lingagcina lithathe indawo yama-zoo. U-Justin Francie, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Responsible Travel, ubhalele i-CEO ye-Apple u-Tim Cook mayelana nokuthuthukisa imboni: “I-IZoo ngeke nje ibe mnandi kakhulu kunezilwane ezivalelwe, kodwa futhi izoba nendlela enobuntu yokukhulisa imali yokongiwa kwezilwane zasendle. Lokhu kuzodala imodeli yebhizinisi engahlala iminyaka eyi-100 ezayo, ihehe izingane zanamuhla nezakusasa ukuthi zivakashele ama-zoo angokoqobo ngonembeza omsulwa.”