Okuqukethwe
I-Dyspraxia: incazelo yalokhu kuphazamiseka kokuxhumanisa
Ukukubeka kalula, i-dyspraxia iwuphawu lokuthi i-dyslexia iyini emazwini, kanye ne-dyscalculia ezinombolo, ngoba iyingxenye yomndeni "i-dys”. Sikuchazela.
Igama elithi dyspraxia livela kusiqalo sesiGreki "i-dys", Okukhomba ubunzima, ukungasebenzi kahle, kanye negama"i-praxie”, Okusho ukuthinta, isenzo.
Ngakho-ke, i-Dyspraxia ukungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho okuthinta i-praksis, ukutholwa kokuthinta ngenhloso, njengokuthatha into.
Ukuze sikufeze, sihlela lesi senzo ekhanda lethu ukuze siphumelele. Kubantu abane-dyspraxia, lesi senzo senziwa ngendlela engafanele, okuholela ekuhlulekeni (isitsha esiphuka njengesibonelo), noma impumelelo, kodwa kunzima ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Singakhuluma ngandlela thize ngokuthi “ukuphazamiseka kwe-pathological”. Inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ikhuluma kakhulu ngokuphazamiseka kwentuthuko kanye nokuxhumanisa.
"Izingane ezine-dyspraxia zinobunzima bokuhlela, ukuhlela kanye nokuxhumanisa izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi”, Ibonisa i-Inserm esihlokweni esikhuluma ngezinkinga“i-dys". "Abakwazi ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inani lezenzo zokuzithandela, okuhlanganisa ukubhala (okuholela ku-dysgraphia). Lezi zingane zisebenza kanzima ukulawula umdwebo wohlamvu ngalunye, oludonsa ingxenye enkulu yokunaka kwazo futhi luzivimbele ekunakeni ezinye izici (isipelingi, incazelo yamagama, njll.)”Kungeza isikhungo socwaningo.
Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu i-dyspraxia ye-gestural, kukhona futhi i-dyspraxia eyakhayo, noma ubunzima bokwakha kabusha yonke kusuka ezingxenyeni ezincane. Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo ikakhulukazi ngamaphazili nemidlalo yokwakha, kodwa naku-2D ohlelweni njengesibonelo. Qaphela ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-dyspraxia zingahlala ndawonye. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi ze-dyspraxia ngezinye izikhathi ziyashiwo, lapho i-dyspraxia idala izinkinga zokugqoka (i-dressing dyspraxia), lapho kunobunzima bokwenza ukuthinta ngethuluzi (ideational dyspraxia) ...
Kuvidiyo: Dyspraxia
Yiziphi izinombolo ze-dyspraxia?
Nakuba zingekho izifundo ezinembile ze-epidemiological, iziphathimandla zezempilo ziyalinganisela cishe 5 kuya ku-7% isibalo sezingane ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya ku-11 kuthinteka yi-dyspraxia. Lesi sibalo esihlawumbisene kakhulu nesingenasisekelo esiqinile siphumela ikakhulukazi ebunzimeni bokuxilonga kanye namazinga ahlukene okonakala.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-dyspraxia ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye iziyaluyalu "i-dys“, ikakhulukazi i-dyslexia kanye ne-dysorthography.
Izinkinga ze-dyspraxia
Izimbangela zokuqala kwe-dyspraxia azicaci kahle.
Kungaba kokubili izimbangela zofuzo, okungachaza ikakhulukazi ukusabalala kwezifo “i-dys"Emalungwini amaningana omndeni owodwa, futhi izimbangela zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ekukhuleni kombungu nomntwana. Besebenzisa i-MRI, abacwaningi babone ukuphazamiseka kwe-neuronal ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho, noma iphutha lokuxhumana noma ukushoda phakathi kwezindawo ezihlukene zobuchopho, njengokubona nolimi ezinganeni ezine-dyslexia. Izinkinga"i-dys”Futhi kubonakala kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nakuba kungakacaci ukuthi kungani.
Ungayibona kanjani ingane ene-dyspraxic?
Siyayibona ingane ene-dyspraxic ngobuhlanya bayo "izifo”: Ngisho nangokwenza yonke imizamo engenzeka, ukuzama nokuzama futhi ukufeza isenzo osifunayo, akawufezi umphumela oyifunayo.
Ukugqoka, ukubopha izintambo zezicathulo, ukudweba, ukubhala, ukusebenzisa ikhampasi, irula noma ibhulashi lamazinyo, ukufaka izinto zokusika ... ukuthinta okuningi okudinga umzamo omkhulu nokuthi angeke akwazi ukukwenza.
Ingane ene-dyspraxic nayo izoba awunantshisekelo kakhulu emidlalweni yokwakhakanye dexterity, futhi khetha imisebenzi ehlobene nolimi (buka ikhathuni, lalela indaba, sungula umhlaba ocatshangelwayo ...).
Esikoleni, ingane ibhekana nobunzima, ikakhulukazi ngokubhala, ihluzo, izibalo. Njengoba sesibonile, i-dyspraxia ivame ukuhambisana nezinye iziyaluyalu "i-dys”, Okufana ne-dyscalculia, i-dyslexia noma i-dysorthography.
Ingane ene-dyspraxic ngokuvamile izohlukaniswa ngokuhamba kancane kwayo, njengoba isenzo ngasinye esibonakala singenabungozi kunzima kuye ukuba enze ngendlela efanele.
I-Dyspraxia: kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa?
Uma sekubonakala ubunzima bengane kulandela ukuphawula komndeni kanye nothisha, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphika ukuthi uxilongwe. Ukwenza lokhu, okungcono kakhulu ukuxhumana nezinhlangano ezibhekene ne-dyspraxia eFrance, njenge I-DFD (Dyspraxia France Dys) noma DMF (I-Dyspraxic Kodwa Imnandi). Badlulisela abazali bezingane ezine-dyspraxic kochwepheshe abahlukahlukene ukuze babonisane, babuze ukuxilonga okunembe futhi komuntu siqu kwe-dyspraxia. Isazi sezinzwa, i-neuro-pediatrician, i-psychomotor Therapist kanye ne-Speech Therapist bangochwepheshe abangangabazeki abazodinga ukuboniswana nabo.
Kuyini ukuphathwa kwe-dyspraxia?
Uma ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-dyspraxia sekwenziwe, ukwelashwa kwe-dyspraxia yezingane kuzosekelwe ekuphathweni kwezimpawu zayo ngayinye, futhi nethimba lemikhakha eminingi.
Ingane izosebenza kanjalo i-psychomotricity, ukwelapha emsebenzini, ukwelapha ngenkulumo, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-orthoptics noma i-posturology. Ukulandelela okungokwengqondo nakho kungashintshwa ukuze kumsize abhekane nokukhathazeka nomuzwa wecala angase abe nawo ngenxa ye-dyspraxia yakhe.
Qaphela ukuthi ezingeni lesikole, ingane ene-dyspraxic ngeke idinge ukungena esikoleni esikhethekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, a umsizi wempilo yesikole (AVS) kungaba usizo olukhulu nsuku zonke ukuyiphelezela.
Ngokuya ngobunzima be-dyspraxia, kungase kube okufanelekile ukufaka isicelo iphrojekthi yesikole yomuntu siqu (PPS) neNdlu yoMnyango Wabakhubazekile (I-MDPH) ukuze ujwayelane nesikole sengane ene-dyspraxic, noma ukumisa Uhlelo Lokwesekwa Okuqondene Nakho (I-Pap) kwenziwe ngokubambisana phakathi kukadokotela wesikole, abazali kanye nothisha. Uma i-dyspraxia inzima kakhulu futhi / noma ingelashwa, ikhompuyutha efakwe isofthiwe yehluzo ne-geometry, isibonelo, ingaba usizo olukhulu.
Kukhona futhi izinsiza eziningi ku-inthanethi zokusiza othisha vumelanisa izifundo zabo ezinganeni ezine-dyspraxia.
Imithombo nolwazi olwengeziwe:
- https://www.inserm.fr/information-en-sante/dossiers-information/troubles-apprentissages
- https://www.cartablefantastique.fr/
- http://www.tousalecole.fr/content/dyspraxie
- http://www.dyspraxies.fr/