Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kufaka konke ukuphendula kwesikhumba ngenxa yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa. Babala cishe isigamu sokuphendula okuvela ohlangothini ngenxa yezidakamizwa.

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa ukusabela, ngezinye izikhathi ukungezwani komzimba, ngenxa yokuphathwa komuthi. Lokhu kusabela kubangela izilonda zesikhumba, noma ama-dermatoses.

Ungasibona kanjani lesi sifo?

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kuvela ngokuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Imiphumela esemqoka yile:

• Amawashi
• Itching
• I-Eczema
• I-photosensitivity
• I-Angioedema ne-anaphylactic shock 
• I-Alopecia
• psoriasis
• induna
• Rash
• Ukubukeka kwamabhamuza
• I-Purpura
• I-Lichen
• Fever
• Njll…

Izici zengozi

Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zenza ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa ku-1 kuye ku-3% weziguli. Ngaphezu kwe-90% yokuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kuyingozi. Imvamisa yamafomu abucayi (ukufa, ama-sequelae abucayi) yi-2%.

Ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wezimpawu phakathi kweziguli, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi kunesidakamizwa. Ukuxilongwa kuncike ekutheni ukubonakala kwesikhumba kuhambelana nokuthatha imithi. Ukunyamalala kwezimpawu lapho umuthi umisiwe futhi noma yikuphi ukuphindaphinda ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa.

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa njalo kuvela ekuthatheni umuthi, kungaba ngokufaka isikhumba, ukungenisa, ukuhogela noma ukujova.

Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa akubikezeleki futhi kwenzeka ngemithamo evamile yokwelapha. Futhi izidakamizwa eziningi zingadala lokhu kusabela.

Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo ethile yesayensi yezokwelapha ingahle ibangele ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa:

• Nemithi Elwa Namagciwane
• I-Paracetamol
• aspirin
• Izinzwa zendawo
• AmaSulfonamides
• I-D-penicillamine
• I-serum
• I-Barbiturates
• Imithi equkethe iodine (ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ku-radiology)
• I-Quinine
• Usawoti wegolide
• I-Griseofulvin
• Ama-Antimitotic

Imvamisa ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kuyingozi kepha kuyenzeka ukuthi izinkinga zibeke ukubikezela okubalulekile kwesiguli:

• I-Angioedema ne-anaphylactic shock
• Ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa ze-Pustular: Lokhu ukuqubuka okungazelelwe, okuvame ukwenziwa iphutha njengesifo esibi kakhulu. Imvamisa iqala ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuya kwezi-4 ngemuva kokuphathwa komuthi ohehayo (ngokuvamile i-antibiotic), ngomkhuhlane kanye ne-erythema yeshidi.
• Isidakamizwa i-hypersensitivity syndrome: Lesi sifo sibonakaliswa ukuqina kokuqubuka, ukulunywa okunzima nomkhuhlane omkhulu.
• UStevens-Johnson noLyell Syndromes: Lezi yizindlela ezimbi kakhulu zokuqhuma kwezidakamizwa. Ukusabela kuqala ezinsukwini ezingaba yishumi ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa. Izinsalela ze-epidermis ziphuma ngokucindezela okuncane. Ingozi yokufa iphezulu (20 kuya ku-25%). Kepha esimweni sokululama, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-epidermization kuyashesha (izinsuku eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-30) nge-sequelae ejwayelekile: ukuphazamiseka kombala nezibazi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye iziguli zingaletha ngezinkinga ezingezona ukusika:

• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezifana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Asthma
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulahlwa kwemfucuza kwezinso

Ukumisa umuthi ngezeluleko zezokwelapha ukwelashwa okuyinhloko. 

Kungenzeka ukwelapha izimpawu zokuqhuma kwezidakamizwa kuze kube yilapho umuthi usususwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke amafutha okuthambisa anganciphisa ama-pruritus futhi ama-antihistamine anciphisa ukulunywa okuthile. 

Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ukulaliswa esibhedlela kuyadingeka. 

Ngokuhlukile, kungabekwa uphenyo oluphelele, lapho kusolwa umuthi obaluleke kakhulu esigulini. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe bese kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi iliphi i-molecule ngqo elenza ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa. 

Ukwenziwa kabusha komuthi omusha kufanele kwenziwe endaweni yezokwelapha ukuze kwenzeke nganoma yikuphi ukuqhuma kwezidakamizwa okusha.