I-Diphtheria ukutheleleka okutheleleka kakhulu okusakazeka phakathi kwabantu futhi kubangele ukutheleleka komgudu wokuphefumula ongaphezulu, okungaholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula nasekuphefumuleni. I-Diphtheria iye yabangela izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezibhubhisayo emhlabeni wonke kuwo wonke umlando, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-7, lesi sifo sasiseyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezinsana eFrance. Ayisekho emazweni anezimboni lapho izimo eziyivelakancane ezibonwayo zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Nokho, lesi sifo siseyinkinga yezempilo ezingxenyeni zomhlaba lapho ukugonywa kwezingane kungeyona into evamile. Amacala angaphezu kuka-000 abikwa ku-WHO emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2014. (1)

Kwenziwa umehluko phakathi kwe-diphtheria yokuphefumula kanye ne-cutaneous diphtheria.

Ngemva kokufukamela izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa njengobuhlungu bomphimbo: ukucasuka emphinjeni, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala kwezindlala entanyeni. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezingqimba ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga emphinjeni futhi kwesinye isikhathi amakhala, okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya nokuphefumula (ngesiGreki, "diphtheria" kusho "ulwelwesi").

Endabeni ye-diphtheria enqamulelayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, lezi zingqimba zitholakala ezingeni lesilonda.

I-Diphtheria ibangelwa amagciwane, I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ehlasela izicubu zomphimbo. Ikhiqiza ubuthi obubangela ukunqwabelana kwezicubu ezifile (ulwelwesi lwamanga) olungafinyelela ekuvimbeni imigudu yomoya. Lobu buthi bungase futhi busakazekele egazini futhi bubangele ukulimala kwenhliziyo, izinso nesimiso sezinzwa.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhaktheriya ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubuthi be-diphtheria futhi ngenxa yalokho zibangele izifo: Corynebacterium izilonda et I-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

I-diphtheria yokuphefumula isakazwa isuka kumuntu iye komunye ngamaconsi avela ngesikhathi ukhwehlela futhi uthimula. Amagciwane abe esengena ngamakhala nangomlomo. I-Cutaneous diphtheria, ebonakala kwezinye izindawo ezishisayo, isakazwa ngokuthintana ngqo nesilonda.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani I-Corynebacterium diphtheriae okudluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya kumuntu, amanye amagciwane amabili abangela i-diphtheria adluliselwa esuka ezilwaneni aye kubantu (lawa ama-zoonoses):

• Corynebacterium izilonda idluliselwa ngokungenisa ubisi oluhlaza noma ngokuxhumana nezinkomo nezilwane ezifuywayo.
• I-Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, okuyivelakancane, idluliselwa ngokuthintana nezimbuzi.

Ezindaweni zethu, kusebusika lapho i-diphtheria ivame kakhulu khona, kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo ibonakala unyaka wonke. Ukuqubuka komqedazwe kuthinta kalula izindawo ezinabantu abaningi.

Umuthi wokugoma

Ukugoma izingane kuyimpoqo. I-World Health Organization incoma ukuthi umgomo unikezwe uhlanganiswe naleyo ye-tetanus ne-pertussis (DCT), emavikini angu-6, 10 kanye nayi-14, kulandelwe amashothi akhuthazayo njalo eminyakeni eyi-10. Ukugonywa kuvimbela ukufa kwabantu abayizigidi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngenxa ye-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis kanye nesimungumungwane unyaka ngamunye emhlabeni wonke, ngokwezilinganiso ze-WHO. (2)

Ukwelapha

Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuphatha i-anti-diphtheria serum ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kumiswe isenzo sobuthi obukhiqizwa amagciwane. Kuhambisana nokwelashwa kwama-antibiotic ukubulala amabhaktheriya. Isiguli singahlaliswa sodwa sokuphefumula izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze sigweme ukutheleleka nabantu abasizungezile. Cishe u-10% wabantu abane-diphtheria bayafa, ngisho noma belashwa, kuxwayisa i-WHO.