I-Dermatomyositis yisifo esingelapheki esithinta isikhumba nemisipha. Kuyisifo esizimele esingaziwa imvelaphi yayo, esihlukaniswa eqenjini le-idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, eceleni kwesibonelo i-polymyositis. I-pathology iguqukela iminyaka nge-prognosis enhle, ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa ingaphazamisa amakhono emoto esiguli. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi oyedwa kwabangu-1 kuya ku-50 kubantu oyedwa uphila ne-dermatomyositis (ukwanda kwayo) nokuthi inani lamacala amasha minyaka yonke liyi-000 kuya ku-1 kubantu abayisigidi (isigameko salo). (10)

Izimpawu ze-dermatomyositis zifana noma zifana nalezo ezihlotshaniswa nezinye i-myopathies ezivuthayo: izilonda zesikhumba, ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nobuthakathaka. Kodwa izakhi eziningana zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa i-dermatomyositis kwamanye ama-myopathies avuthayo:

• Amabala abomvu nokunsomi avuvukele kancane ebusweni, entanyeni nasemahlombe ngokuvamile yizimpawu zokuqala zomtholampilo. Ukulimala okungenzeka kumajwabu amehlo, ngendlela yezibuko, kuyisici.
• Imisipha ithinteka ngokulinganayo, kusukela esiqwini (izisu, intamo, i-trapezius ...) ngaphambi kokufika, kwezinye izimo, izingalo nemilenze.
• Amathuba aphezulu okuhlotshaniswa nomdlavuza. Lo mdlavuza uvame ukuqala ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni ngemva kwesifo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala (futhi kwenzeka ngaphambi kwazo). Imvamisa umdlavuza webele noma wama-ovari kwabesifazane nowamaphaphu, i-prostate kanye namasende kwabesilisa. Imithombo ayivumelani ngengozi yabantu abane-dermatomyositis yokuthola umdlavuza (10-15% kwabanye, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kwabanye). Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akusebenzi kuhlobo lwentsha lwesifo.

I-MRI kanye ne-muscle biopsy izoqinisekisa noma iphike ukuxilongwa.

Khumbula ukuthi i-dermatomyositis yisifo esiyingxenye ye-idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Isiphawulo esithi “idiopathic” esichaza ukuthi umsuka wabo awaziwa. Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje imbangela noma indlela eqondile yalesi sifo akwaziwa. Kungase kube umphumela wenhlanganisela yezici zofuzo nezemvelo.

Kodwa-ke, siyazi ukuthi kuyisifo esizimele, okusho ukuthi kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokuzivikela komzimba, ama-autoantibodies aphendukela emzimbeni, kulokhu ngokumelene namaseli athile emisipha nesikhumba. Qaphela, nokho, ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abane-dermatomyositis abakhiqiza lawa ma-autoantibodies. Izidakamizwa zingase zibe yizicupha, njengoba kungase kube namagciwane. (1)

Abesifazane baphathwa i-dermatomyositis kaningi kunamadoda, cishe ngokuphindwe kabili. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngezifo ezizimele, ngaphandle kokwazi isizathu. Lesi sifo singavela kunoma ibuphi ubudala, kodwa kuyabonakala ukuthi sibonakala ngokukhethekile phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-60. Ngokuphathelene ne-juvenile dermatomyositis, ngokuvamile iphakathi kweminyaka engu-5 nengu-14 ubudala lapho ivela khona. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi lesi sifo asitheleleki futhi asitheleleki.

Uma kungekho ukukwazi ukwenza okuthile ngezimbangela (ezingaziwa) zesifo, ukwelashwa kwe-dermatomyositis kuhloswe ukunciphisa / ukuqeda ukuvuvukala ngokunikeza i-corticosteroids (ukwelashwa kwe-corticosteroid), kanye nokulwa nokukhiqizwa kwama-autoantibodies izidakamizwa ze-immunomodulatory noma i-immunosuppressive.

Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zenza kube nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bemisipha nokulimala, kodwa izinkinga zingavela uma kwenzeka umdlavuza kanye nokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene (inhliziyo, i-pulmonary, njll.). I-Juvenile dermatomyositis ingabangela izinkinga ezinzima zokugaya ezinganeni.

Iziguli kufanele zivikele isikhumba sazo emisebeni yelanga ye-UV, engabhebhethekisa izilonda esikhumbeni, ngokumboza izingubo kanye/noma nokuvikela ilanga okuqinile. Ngokushesha lapho kutholakala ukuxilongwa, isiguli kufanele sihlole njalo umdlavuza ohambisana nalesi sifo.