Ukungenwa isifo se-covid-19 ikhathaza isibalo sabantu, ngoba abantu abasha batheleleka nsuku zonke. Kusukela ngoJuni 2, 2021, amacala ayi-5 aqinisekisiwe eFrance, noma abantu abangaphezu kuka-677 emahoreni ayi-172. Ngaso leso sikhathi, selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bebefuna indlela ukuvikela abantu kule coronavirus entsha, ngomuthi wokugoma. Lukuphi ucwaningo? Iyini intuthuko kanye nemiphumela? Bangaki abantu abagonyelwe i-Covid-19 eFrance? Iyini imiphumela emibi? 

Ukutheleleka kwe-Covid-19 nokugoma eFrance

Bangaki abantu abagonyiwe kuze kube manje?

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa inani labantu abatholile umthamo wokuqala womuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19 we abantu abagonyiwe, owamukela imithamo emibili yomgomo we-mRNA ovela ku-Pfizer / BioNtech noma iModerna noma umgomo we-AstraZeneca, manje oseVaxzevria. 

Kusukela ngoJuni 2, ngokusho koMnyango Wezempilo, 26 176 709 abantu bathole okungenani umthamo owodwa womgomo we-Covid-19, emelela u-39,1% wenani lonke labantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, 11 220 050 abantu bathole umjovo wesibili, noma u-16,7% wabantu. Njengesikhumbuzo, umkhankaso wokugoma waqala ngoDisemba 27, 2020 e-France. 

Imithi yokugoma ye-mRNA emibili igunyaziwe eFrance, lowo ovela Pfizer, kusukela ngoDisemba 24 kanye nokuthi Modern, kusukela ngoJanuwari 8. Kulaba Imishanguzo ye-mRNA, imithamo emibili iyadingeka ukuze uvikeleke ku-Covid-19. Kusukela ngo-February 2, the Umuthi wokugomela i-Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) ugunyazwe e-France. Ukuze ugonywe, udinga nemijovo emibili. Sonke isibalo sabantu singagonywa ngo-Agasti 31, 2021, ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, u-Olivier Véran. Kusukela ngo-April 24, the umuthi wokugoma u-Janssen Johnson & Johnson iphathwa emakhemisi.

Nansi inombolo ye abantu bagonywe ngokugcwele, kuya ngesifunda, kusukela ngomhlaka-2 Juni 2021:

Ubani manje ongagonyelwa i-Covid-19?

Uhulumeni ulandela izincomo ze-Haute Autorité de Santé. Manje ingagonyelwa i-coronavirus:

• abantu abaneminyaka engama-55 nangaphezulu (kuhlanganise nezakhamuzi ezihlala emakhaya asebekhulile);
• abantu abasengozini abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu futhi engozini enkulu kakhulu yesifo esibi (umdlavuza, isifo sezinso, ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba, izifo ezingavamile, i-trisomy 21, i-cystic fibrosis, njll.);
• abantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu abane-co-morbidities;
• abantu abakhubazekile ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zokwamukela abantu;
• abesifazane abakhulelwe kusukela ku-trimester yesibili yokukhulelwa;
• izihlobo zabantu abangenawo amandla omzimba;
• ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye nochwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwelapha nezenhlalakahle (okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi bama-ambulensi), abasizi basekhaya abasebenza nabantu abadala abasengozini kanye nabantu abakhubazekile, abasebenzi bama-ambulensi, izicishamlilo nodokotela bezilwane.

Kusukela ngoMeyi 10, bonke abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50 bangagonyelwa i-Covid-19. Futhi, kusukela ngoMeyi 31, wonke amavolontiya aseFrance azokwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-Covid, ” akukho mkhawulo weminyaka ".

Ungagonywa kanjani?

Ukugomela i-Covid-19 kwenziwa ngokuqokwa kuphela futhi ngokusho kwabantu abaseqhulwini, okuchazwa isu lokugoma ngezincomo zeSigungu Esiphezulu Sezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ngokuya ngokulethwa kwemithamo yokugoma, yingakho ukungafani kungabonwa ngokuya ngezifunda. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokufinyelela i-aphoyintimenti ezogonywa: 

• thintana nodokotela noma usokhemisi okhona;
• ngokusebenzisa inkundla ye-Doctolib (ukuqashwa nodokotela), i-Covid-Pharma (isikhathi sokuqokwa nosokhemisi), i-Covidliste, i-Covid Anti-Gaspi, i-ViteMaDose;
• thola ulwazi lwendawo ehholo ledolobha, udokotela wakho okhona noma usokhemisi;
• vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-sante.fr ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuxhumana yesikhungo sokugoma esiseduze nekhaya lakho;
• sebenzisa izinkundla ezahlukene, njenge-Covidliste, vitemadose noma i-Covidantigaspi;
• xhumana nenombolo kazwelonke yamahhala ku 0800 009 110 (ivulwa nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-6 ekuseni kuya ku-22 ntambama) ukuze iqondiswe esikhungweni esiseduze nasekhaya;
• ezinkampanini, odokotela abasebenzayo banenketho yokugoma izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-55 futhi zihlushwa izifo ezihambisanayo.

Ibaphi ochwepheshe abangasebenzisa imigomo yokugomela i-Covid-19?

Ngokombono okhishwe yiHaute Autorité de Santé ngoMashi 26, uhlu ochwepheshe bezempilo abagunyazwe ukwenza imijovo yokugoma liyaba banzi. Ingagomela i-Covid:

• osokhemisi abasebenza ekhemisi ukuze basetshenziswe endlini, elabhorethri yokuhlaziya ibhayoloji yezokwelapha;
• osokhemisi ababikela abezicishamlilo nezokuhlangula kanye nebutho lezicishamlilo laseMarseille;
• ochwepheshe be-radiology yezokwelapha;
• ochwepheshe baselabhorethri;
• abafundi bezokwelapha:
• onyakeni wesibili womjikelezo wokuqala (FGSM2), kuncike ekutheni sebeqede umsebenzi wabo wokufundela ubuhlengikazi ngaphambilini,
• emjikelezweni wesibili kwezokwelapha, i-odontology, ikhemisi kanye ne-maieutics kanye nomjikelezo wesithathu kwezokwelapha, i-odontology kanye nekhemisi,
• onyakeni wesibili nowesithathu ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi;
• odokotela bezilwane.

Ukubhekwa kokugoma eFrance

I-ANSM (i-National Medicines Safety Agency) ishicilela umbiko wamasonto onke mayelana namandla imiphumela emibi yemithi yokugomela I-Covid-19 eFrance.

Embikweni wayo, i-ANSM iveza ukuthi “ ikomidi liqinisekisa futhi isenzakalo esiyivelakancane kakhulu sale ngozi ye-thrombotic engase ihlotshaniswe ne-thrombocytopenia noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-coagulation kubantu abagonywe ngomgomo we-AstraZeneca. “. Nokho, ubungozi/ibhalansi yenzuzo ihlala iyinhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-European Medicines Agency yamemezela ngo-Ephreli 7, ngesikhathi somhlangano nabezindaba e-Amsterdam, ukuthi amahlule egazi manje asengomunye wemiphumela emibi engavamile yomgomo we-AstraZeneca. Nokho, izici zobungozi azikahlonzwa kuze kube manje. Futhi, amasignali amabili ayaqashwa, njengoba amacala amasha okukhubazeka kobuso kanye ne-acute polyradiculoneuropathy ehlonziwe.

Embikweni wangoMashi 22, ikomidi limemezele, ngomuthi wokugomela iPfizer's Comirnaty, amacala ayi-127 ” kubikwe izehlakalo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye ne-thromboembolic “Kodwa” Abukho ubufakazi obusekela indima yomgomo lapho kwenzeka lezi zinkinga. “. Mayelana nomgomo weModerna, i-Ejensi imemezele izehlakalo ezimbalwa zomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-arrhythmia kanye ne-shingles. Amacala amathathu” izenzakalo ze-thromboembolic Kubikwe ngomgomo kaModerna futhi kwahlaziywa, kepha asikho isixhumanisi esitholakele.

Amazwe amaningana aseYurophu, kubandakanya neFrance, amisiwe okwesikhashana futhi ” isimiso sokuzivikela »Ukusetshenziswa kwe Umuthi wokugoma we-AstraZeneca, kulandela ukubonakala kweziningana izimo ezinzima zokopha, njenge-thrombosis. Izimo ezimbalwa zezehlakalo ze-thromboembolic zenzekile e-France, imijovo engaphezu kwesigidi futhi ziye zahlaziywa yi-Medicines Agency. Waphetha ngokuthi " inzuzo / ibhalansi yengozi yomgomo we-AstraZeneca ekuvimbeleni i-Covid-19 ilungile "Futhi" umuthi wokugoma awuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe eyandayo yamahlule egazi “. Nokho, ” isixhumanisi esingase sibe nezinhlobo ezimbili ezingavamile kakhulu zamahlule egazi (i-disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) kanye ne-cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) ehambisana nokuntuleka kwama-platelet egazi ngeke ikhishwe kulesi sigaba. ".

Imithi yokugoma egunyaziwe e-France 

UMongameli weRiphabhulikhi ubalule isu lokugoma laseFrance. Ufuna ukuhlela umkhankaso wokugoma osheshayo nomkhulu, oqale ngoDisemba 27. Ngokusho kwenhloko yezwe, izimpahla zivikelekile. I-Europe yayisivele i-ode imithamo eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5 kuma-laboratories ayi-6 (iPfizer, iModerna, iSanofi, iCureVac, i-AstraZeneca neJohnson & Johnson), okuyi-15% yazo izonikezelwa kumaFrance. Izivivinyo zokwelashwa kufanele kuqala zigunyazwe yi-Medicines Agency kanye ne-Haute Autorité de Santé. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikomidi lesayensi kanye ne "ngokuhlanganyela kwezakhamizi»Zidalelwe ukugadwa kokugoma e-France.

Namuhla, inhloso kahulumeni icacile: Abantu baseFrance abayizigidi ezingama-20 kumele bagonywe maphakathi noMeyi kanye nezigidi ezingama-30 maphakathi noJuni. Ukuthobela lolu hlelo lokugoma kungavumela wonke amavolontiya aseFrance aneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ukuthi agonywe ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukwenza lokhu, uhulumeni ubeka izindlela ezinjengalezi:

• ukuvulwa kwezikhungo ezi-1 zokugomela i-Covid-700, ukuze kunikezwe imigomo ye-Pfizer/BioNtech noma yeModerna kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-19;
• ukugqugquzelwa kochwepheshe bezempilo abangama-250 ukuthi bajove imigomo ye-Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca) kanye ne-Johnson & Johnson;
• umkhankaso wezingcingo kanye nenombolo ekhethekile yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 abangakakwazi ukugonyelwa i-Covid-19.

• Umuthi wokugoma we-Pfizer / BioNtech's Comirnaty

NgoNovemba 10, ilabhorethri yaseMelika iPfizer yamemezela ukuthi ucwaningo ngomuthi wokugoma luyakhombisa ” ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kwama-90 % ”. Ososayensi baqashe abantu abangaphezu kuka-40 ukuthi bazinikele ukuze bahlole umkhiqizo wabo. Ingxenye yathola umgomo kuyilapho enye ithole i-placebo. Ithemba lisemhlabeni wonke kanye nethemba lomuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle, ngokusho kodokotela, kodwa lolu lwazi kufanele luthathwe ngokuqapha. Ngempela, imininingwane eminingi yesayensi ayikaziwa. Okwamanje, ukuphatha kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukwenza imijovo emibili, yocezu lwekhodi yofuzo yegciwane leSars-Cov-000, ehlukaniswe ngokuhlukana komunye nomunye. Kusasele futhi ukuthi kunqunywe ukuthi ukuzivikela kokuvikela kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kufanele kuboniswe kubantu asebekhulile, abasengozini futhi abasengcupheni yokuthola izinhlobo ezibucayi ze-Covid-2, njengoba umkhiqizo usuhloliwe, kuze kube manje, kubantu abanempilo.

NgoDisemba 1, i-duo ye-Pfizer / BioNtech kanye nelabhorethri yaseMelika iModerna bamemezele imiphumela yokuqala yokuhlolwa kwabo kwemitholampilo. Umgomo wabo, ngokusho kwabo, usebenza ngama-95% kanye nama-94,5% ngokulandelana. Basebenzise i-RNA yesithunywa, inoveli nenqubo engajwayelekile uma iqhathaniswa nezimbangi zabo zemithi. 

Imiphumela ye-Pfizer/BioNtech iqinisekisiwe kujenali yesayensi, ILancet, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba. Umuthi wokugoma we-American/German duo awunconyelwe abantu abangezwani nezinto ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhankaso wokugoma usuqalile e-United Kingdom, ngomjovo wokuqala walo mgomo owanikezwa intokazi yaseNgilandi.

I-US Medicines Agency igunyaze umgomo we-Pfizer/BioNtech kusukela ngoDisemba 15. Umkhankaso wokugoma usuqalile e-United States. E-United Kingdom, eMexico, eCanada naseSaudi Arabia, inani labantu seliqalile ukuthola umjovo wokuqala womgomo we-BNT162b2. Ngokusho kweziphathimandla zezempilo zaseBrithani, le serum ayinconyelwe abantu abangezwani nemigomo, imithi noma ukudla. Lesi seluleko silandela imiphumela engemihle ebonwa kubantu ababili abanohlobo oluthile lokungezwani komzimba okukhulu.

NgoDisemba 24, i- U-Haute Autorité de Santé uqinisekise indawo yomgomo we-mRNA, othuthukiswe ngababili be-Pfizer / BioNtech, esu lokugoma eFrance.. Ngakho-ke kugunyazwe ngokusemthethweni endaweni. Umuthi wokugomela i-Covid, oqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Comirnaty®, yaqala ukujovwa ngo-December 27, ekhaya lasebekhulile, ngoba umgomo uwukugoma njengento ebalulekile kubantu asebekhulile futhi abasengcupheni yokuba nezinhlobo ezingathi sína zesifo.

• Umuthi wokugoma wesimanje

NgoNovemba 18, ilabhorethri yeModerna yamemezela ukuthi umuthi wokugoma usebenza ngo-94,5%. Njengelabhorethri ye-Pfizer, umuthi wokugoma ovela eModerna uwumuthi wokugomela we-RNA oyisithunywa. Iqukethe umjovo wengxenye yekhodi yofuzo yegciwane leSars-Cov-2. Izivivinyo zesigaba sesi-3 zaqala ngoJulayi 27 futhi zihlanganisa abantu abangama-30, u-000% wabo abasengozini enkulu yokuthola izinhlobo ezinzima ze-Covid-42. Lokhu kubhekwa kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu ngemva komjovo wesibili womkhiqizo. IModerna ihlose ukuletha imithamo eyizigidi eziyi-19 yomgomo wayo we-“mRNA-20” ohloselwe i-United States futhi ithi isikulungele ukukhiqiza imithamo ephakathi kwezigidi eziyi-1273 nezingu-500 emhlabeni wonke ngo-1.

NgoJanuwari 8, umuthi wokugoma owenziwe ilabhorethri yeModerna ugunyazwe eFrance.

• Umuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19 Vaxzevria, owakhiwe ngabakwa-AstraZeneca / Oxford

NgoFebhuwari 1, i-I-European Medicines Agency isula umuthi wokugoma owenziwe yi-AstraZeneca / Oxford. Lona wakamuva umuthi wokugoma osebenzisa i-adenovirus, igciwane ngaphandle kwe-Sars-Cov-2. Ilungiswa ngofuzo ukuze iqukethe iphrotheni ye-S, ekhona ebusweni be-coronavirus. Ngakho-ke, amasosha omzimba aqala ukusabela kokuzivikela uma kwenzeka kuba khona ukutheleleka kwe-Sars-Cov-2.

Ngokombono wayo, i-Haute Autorité de Santé ibuyekeza izincomo zayo I-Vaxzevria : inconywa kubantu abaneminyaka engu-55 nangaphezulu kanye nabasebenzi bezempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababelethisi nosokhemisi bangakwazi ukujova.

Ukusetshenziswa komgomo we-AstraZeneca kwakumisiwe eFrance izinsuku ezimbalwa maphakathi noMashi. Lesi senzo sithathwe “ isimiso sokuzivikela », Ngemva kokuvela kwamacala e-thrombosis (amacala angu-30 - icala elilodwa eFrance - eYurophu kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-1 abagonyiwe). I-European Medicines Agency yabe isikhipha umbono wayo ngomgomo we-AstraZeneca. Uyakuqinisekisa ukuthi yena" iphephile futhi ayihlobene nengozi eyengeziwe yokwakheka kwe-thrombosis. Ukugonywa ngale serum kuqale kabusha ngoMashi 19 eFrance.

• Umuthi wokugoma i-Janssen, Johnson & Johnson

Umuthi wokugomela i-viral vector, ngenxa ye-adenovirus, i-pathogen ehlukile kwa-Sars-Cov-2. I-DNA yegciwane esetshenzisiwe ishintshiwe ukuze ikhiqize iphrotheni ye-Spike, ekhona ebusweni be-coronavirus. Ngakho-ke, amasosha omzimba azokwazi ukuzivikela, uma kwenzeka etheleleka nge-Covid-19, ngoba azokwazi ukuhlonza leli gciwane futhi aqondise amasosha omzimba alo kulo. Umuthi wokugoma i-Janssen unezinzuzo ezimbalwa, ngoba isetshenziswa ku umthamo owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingagcinwa endaweni epholile esiqandisini esivamile. Isebenza ngama-76% ezinhlotsheni ezinzima zesifo. Umuthi wokugoma uJohnson & Johnson ifakwe esu lokugoma eFrance, yi-Haute Autorité de Santé, kusukela ngo-March 12. Kufanele ifike maphakathi no-April eFrance.

Usebenza kanjani umgomo?

Ukugonywa kwe-DNA 

Umuthi wokugoma ohloliwe futhi osebenzayo uthatha iminyaka ukuwuklama. Uma kwenzeka kuba ukutheleleka nge-Covid-19, i-Pasteur Institute ikhumbuza ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ngeke ube khona ngaphambi kuka-2021. Abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke basebenza kanzima ukuvikela abantu ku-coronavirus entsha, evela eChina. Benza izivivinyo zomtholampilo ukuze baqonde kangcono lesi sifo futhi bavumele ukuphathwa okungcono kweziguli. Umhlaba wesayensi usuhlangene ukuze imithi ethile yokugoma ibe khona kusukela ngo-2020.

I-Pasteur Institute isebenzela ukuletha umphumela ohlala njalo ngokumelene ne-coronavirus entsha. Ngaphansi kwegama lephrojekthi "SCARD SARS-CoV-2", imodeli yezilwane ivela Ukutheleleka nge-SARS-CoV-2. Okwesibili, bazohlola "Immunogenicity (ikhono lokudala ukusabela okuthile kokuzivikela komzimba) nokusebenza kahle (ikhono lokuvikela)". "Imithi yokugoma ye-DNA inezinzuzo ezingaba khona ngaphezu kwemithi yokugoma evamile, okuhlanganisa nekhono lokuheha uhla olubanzi lwezinhlobo zezimpendulo zokuzivikela komzimba".

Emhlabeni jikelele namuhla, imijovo yokugoma cishe engamashumi amahlanu iyenziwa futhi iyahlolwa. Le mithi yokugomela i-coronavirus entsha ngokusobala izosebenza izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela, uma kungeyona iminyaka embalwa. Izindaba ezinhle kososayensi ukuthi i-Covid-19 izinzile ngokofuzo, ngokwesibonelo, ayifani ne-HIV. 

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokugoma okusha kulindeleke ngo-June 21, 2020. I-Institut Pasteur yethule iphrojekthi ye-SCARD SARS-Cov-2. Ososayensi bakha ikhandidethi lokugomela i-DNA ukuze lihlole ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo ozojovwa kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza ukusabela komzimba.

Buyekeza ngo-Okthoba 6, 2020 - I-Inserm yethule i-Covireivac, inkundla yokuthola amavolontiya azohlola imigomo ye-Covid-19. Le nhlangano inethemba lokuthi izothola amavolontiya angu-25, aneminyaka engaphezu kuka-000 futhi anempilo enhle. Le phrojekthi isekelwa yiPublic Health France kanye ne-National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). Isiza sesivele siphendula imibuzo eminingi futhi inombolo yamahhala iyatholakala ku-18 0805 297. Ucwaningo eFrance beluwumgogodla wokulwa nalolu bhubhane kusukela ekuqaleni, ngenxa yocwaningo lwezidakamizwa kanye nezivivinyo zomtholampilo zokuthola indawo ephephile nephephile. umgomo osebenzayo. Iphinde inikeze wonke umuntu ithuba lokuba umlingisi ngokumelene nalolu bhubhane, ngenxa ye-Covireivac. Ngosuku lokubuyekezwa, akukho umuthi wokugomela ukulwa nokutheleleka nge-Covid-19. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bayahlanganiswa futhi bafuna izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo zokunqanda lo bhubhane. Umgomo uqukethe umjovo we-pathogen odala ukwakhiwa kwamasosha omzimba ngokumelene ne-ejenti okukhulunywa ngayo. Umgomo uwukuvusa ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba womuntu, ngaphandle kokugula.

Ukugonywa nge-RNAmessager

Imithi yokugoma yendabuko yenziwa ngegciwane elingasebenzi noma elibuthaka. Bahlose ukulwa nezifo nokuvimbela izifo, ngenxa yamasosha omzimba akhiqizwa yilawo amasosha omzimba, azowabona amagciwane, awenze angabi nangozi. Ukugonywa kwe-mRNA kuhlukile. Isibonelo, umuthi wokugoma ohlolwe ilabhorethri yeModerna, oqanjwe “I-MRNA-1273“, Akwenziwa ngegciwane le-Sars-Cov-2, kodwa nge-Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA). Lokhu kokugcina kuyikhodi yofuzo ezotshela amaseli ukuthi enziwa kanjani amaprotheni, ukusiza amasosha omzimba akhiqize amasosha omzimba, okuhloswe ngawo ukulwa ne-coronavirus entsha. 

Iphi imithi yokugomela i-Covid-19 kuze kube manje?

Imithi yokugoma emibili ihlolwe eJalimane nase-United States

I-US National Institutes of Health (NIH) imemezele ngoMashi 16, 2020, ukuthi isiqale isivivinyo sokuqala somtholampilo ukuhlola umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus entsha. Bangu-45 sebebonke abantu abaphile kahle abazohlomula kulo mgomo. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo kuzokwenzeka emavikini angu-6 e-Seattle. Uma ukuhlolwa kwamiswa ngokushesha, lo mgomo uzomakethwa kuphela ngonyaka, noma ngisho nezinyanga eziyi-18, uma konke kuhamba kahle. Ngomhla ziyi-16 kuMfumfu, umuthi wokugoma waseMelika ovela elabhorethri kaJohnson & Johnson wamisa isigaba sawo sesi-3. Ngempela, ukuphela kokuhlolwa komtholampilo kuxhunywe nokwenzeka “kwesifo esingachazwanga” kwelinye lamavolontiya. Kubizwe ikomiti elizimele lezokuphepha kweziguli ukuthi lihlaziye isimo. 

EJalimane, umuthi wokugoma ongaba khona esikhathini esizayo usacwaningwa. Yakhiwa ilabhorethri ye-CureVac, egxile ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi yokugoma equkethe izinto zofuzo. Esikhundleni sokwethula uhlobo lwegciwane olungasasebenzi kangako njengemithi yokugoma evamile, ukuze umzimba wenze amasosha omzimba, i-CureVac ijova ama-molecule ngokuqondile kumaseli azosiza umzimba ukuzivikela egciwaneni. Umuthi wokugoma othuthukiswe yi-CureVac empeleni uqukethe i-RNA (mRNA) yesithunywa, i-molecule ebukeka njenge-DNA. Le mRNA izovumela umzimba ukuthi wenze amaprotheni azosiza umzimba ukulwa negciwane elibangela isifo se-Covid-19. Kuze kube manje, awukho umuthi wokugoma othuthukiswe yi-CureVac odayiswe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilabhorethri yamemezela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba ukuthi izivivinyo zomtholampilo zesigaba sesi-2 zase ziqalile.

I-Sanofi kanye ne-GSK bethula ukuhlolwa kwabo komtholampilo kubantu

I-Sanofi iphindaphinde ngofuzo amaprotheni akhona phezulu sula igciwane i-SARS-Cov-2. Uma ese-GSK, uzoletha “Ubuchwepheshe bayo bokukhiqiza imigomo ye-adjuvant esetshenziswa ubhubhane. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-adjuvant kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sobhubhane ngoba kunganciphisa inani lamaprotheni adingekayo ngomthamo ngamunye, ngaleyo ndlela kuvumele ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lemithamo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusize ukuvikela inani elikhulu leziguli. abantu.” I-adjuvant isidakamizwa noma ukwelashwa okwengezwa komunye ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kwengeze isenzo saso. Ngakho-ke impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba izoba namandla. Ndawonye, ​​mhlawumbe bazokwazi ukukhipha umuthi wokugoma ngo-2021. I-Sanofi, okuyinkampani yaseFrance eyenza imithi, kanye ne-GSK (Glaxo Smith Kline) basebenzisana ngokubambisana ukuthuthukisa umuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19, selokhu kwaqala lolu bhubhane. Lezi zinkampani ezimbili zinobuchwepheshe obusha. I-Sanofi inikela nge-antigen yayo; kuyinto engaphandle komzimba ezokwenza ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba.

Buyekeza ngoSepthemba 3, 2020 - Umuthi wokugomela i-Covid-19 othuthukiswe i-Sanofi kanye ne-GSK laboratories wethule isigaba sokuhlola kubantu. Lolu cwaningo aluhleliwe futhi lwenziwa lungaboni kabili. Lesi sigaba sokuhlola esingu-1/2 sithinta iziguli eziphile kahle ezingaphezu kuka-400, ezisatshalaliswe ezikhungweni zocwaningo eziyi-11 e-United States. Enkulumweni yabezindaba evela elabhorethri yaseSanofi, yangoSepthemba 3, 2020, kuthiwa "lizifundo ze-preclinical zibonisa ukuphepha okuthembisayo kanye ne-immunogenicity […] I-Sanofi kanye ne-GSK baqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-antigen kanye ne-adjuvant ngenhloso yokukhiqiza imithamo efika kusigidigidi ngo-2021.".

Buyekeza ngoDisemba 1 - Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kulindeleke ukuthi ivezwe esidlangalaleni ngenyanga kaDisemba.

Eminye imithi yokugoma

Njengamanje, abantu abazogomela abangu-9 basesigabeni sesi-3 emhlabeni jikelele. Bahlolwa ezinkulungwaneni zamavolontiya. Kule mithi yokugoma esesigabeni sokugcina sokuhlolwa, emi-3 eyaseMelika, emi-4 ngamaShayina, 1 ngowaseRussia kanti 1 ngowaseBrithani. Imithi yokugoma emibili nayo iyahlolwa e-France, kodwa isezingeni eliphansi kakhulu locwaningo. 

UVladimir Putin umemezele ukuthi uthole umuthi wokugomela i-coronavirus, eRussia. Izwe lesayensi liyangabaza, uma kubhekwa ijubane elithuthukiswe ngalo. Kodwa-ke, isigaba sesi-3 sesiqale ngokufanayo, mayelana nezivivinyo. Okwamanje, ayikho idatha yesayensi eyethulwa.