Dance I-Mersault, uphenyo oluphikisayo, umbhali uKamel Daoud uchaza i-anti-hero ye The Stranger, ophinde abe ngumbulali wama-Arab, njengomuntu “evaleleke esiqhingini"Kanti ubani"uveza ubuhlakani kuhle kukapholi othanda ukuzitika“. Kungumbuzo lapha, kumbhali wase-Algeria, wokuchaza ukwaneliseka komuntu siqu komlingiswa we-Meursault, okuqhubeka ngaphezu kwalokho, kuze kube yikusasa ... Umbulali, nokho, owagujwa ngumlando ngenxa yobuhle bolimi, sibonga isihlungi sokubhala kuka-Albert Camus ... Empeleni, akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwazi ukuthi kufanele usabele kanjani, lapho uphambi komuntu onganakile, okungukuthi, ngokunye ukwamukela leli gama, ubhekene nomuntu onqekuzisa ikhanda. ekunambithekeni kwethu nemizwa yethu ukusijabulisa.

Umbhali wesiLatini uTerence wabhala ku U-Andrian, eCarthage, cishe ngo-185 kuya ku-159 BC: “I-Flattery, iqiniso liyagula", okusho ukuthi: "Ukuyekethisa kwenza abangane, ukukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi kuzala inzondo“. Noma kunjalo: into eyenziwa ngokunganaki, empeleni, yenziwa noma ibonakaliswa kuphela ngesizotha, kodwa ayilona iqiniso, ayijulile, futhi ayizwakali. Khona-ke, ukunganeliseki kuchazwa njengokuthambekela kwengqondo yomuntu ofuna ukujabulisa ngokuzivumelanisa nokuthandwa noma izifiso zothile.

Ngakho-ke, ingabe singacabanga ukuthi ubungane bungavela ekuboniseni amanga okunjalo, esimweni sengqondo esinjena nje? Kubonakala, eqinisweni, kude nobungane bangempela, obufuna ubuqotho, obudinga ukujula komunye. Okudinga futhi ukuveza indlela umuntu ayiyo, ukwazi ukulalela omunye ngaphandle kokumqambela amanga, noma ukumnikeza ukubonakaliswa okungalungile noma okungelona iqiniso ngaye. Ngakho-ke, lobu bungane njengoba buchazwe uTerence bungaba yinganekwane kuphela, futhi, empeleni, ubungane bangempela kufanele buvumele noma ubani ukuba atshele umngane wakhe, ngaphandle kokuzenzisa futhi ngaphandle kokuncoma okungamanga, amaphutha abo kanye namaphutha abo. : okuwukuthi, kothandekayo, okokusondelana, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqhubekela phambili ngokweqiniso.

Kodwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, asivamile ukuba izisulu zokunethezeka size sifihle ubugebengu ... Singathanda ukuba izisulu ezingase zibe izisulu zezinto ezincane zansuku zonke, zokunconywa ezingenalo ukujula neqiniso. Iseluleko lapha: leso sokungavumeli ukuncoma kalula okudalulwe ngaphandle kokuzithiba, ngaphandle kobukhali.

Okuyingozi nakakhulu, mhlawumbe, ukuyekethisa kukababa noma kukamama ezinganeni zakhe, okwenza kulo mzali ukuzitika okuvame ukusolwa, okuyingozi ngisho nasekukhuleni kahle kwengane. Lapha, sizokhumbula indima ye-Superego kubo bonke ubunzima bayo, okuyinto, edlala indima yokuhlanganiswa kwegunya labazali, izobe iphikisana nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokunganeliseki, oluqondwa lapha njengokweqisa kokuzitika. Umzali kumele abuyiselwe ukuze abhekane nomsebenzi wakhe, ngoba kuwumbuzo wokufundisa izingane imingcele. Nokho, ukubeka imikhawulo kuhlanganisa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuthi cha kubo, ekusetheni uhlaka.

Ekugcineni, lapho sibhekene nesenzo sokunganaki esiwukubonakaliswa okwedlulele kwenhlonipho kuphela, kodwa okungelona neze iqiniso, noma ukujula kanye nokubonakaliswa okuncane ngisho komzwelo wangempela, siphakamisa lesi senzo sokumelana okuseduze: gcina ubuqiniso baso, ungakhohliswa. ngokubonakala, kumbe ngokuncoma okungamanga. Mhlawumbe, futhi, singamthola yini umuntu onganaki ukuthi azibonele ngokwakhe lokhu kuntuleka kobulungisa kwabanye, la manga esimweni sakhe sengqondo nasemazwini akhe? Futhi-ke, mvumele ukuthi avuselele ngaphakathi kwakhe umbuzo wekhwalithi yezixhumanisi zakhe komunye.

Singase futhi sikwazi ukusebenzisa inkulumo ethize esiyijwayele: “Akumele sidliwe”, eyayikhishwa njalo umpristi uJean Castelein, umakadebona weMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kamuva, ekubeni umfundisi ophoqelelayo futhi ozinikele, uJean Castelein ngaleyo ndlela wabiza ukuqapha njalo, waphakamisa ukuhlanganyela ekuphikisaneni okujulile nokwansuku zonke, okuholela wonke umuntu ukuba ahambe ekufezeni ubuqiniso babo bangempela. Ngamafuphi, ucele ukuthi angakhohliswa ama-siren ngokuvela. Ukuze uhlale uyiqiniso. Uthembekile kuye siqu mayelana nezindinganiso zomuntu.