Okuqukethwe
Incazelo
Ama-chestnut izihlahla ezikhula emazweni amaningi omhlaba. Bahlanza umoya kahle futhi bakhonza njengomhlobiso wangempela emigwaqweni. Izihlahla zinezimo zangempela zamaqabunga nezithelo emgodleni ohlabayo. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, umoya ugcwala iphunga elimnandi.
Izingane zivame ukwenza ubuciko bekwindla ngezithelo zesitshalo. Futhi, emazweni amaningi, kuphekwa izitsha ezahlukahlukene ngesisekelo se-chestnut. Kodwa-ke, lawa akuwona wonke amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-chestnut. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwabelana ngemininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu ngesitshalo.
Izithelo zesitshalo Noble Chestnut noma Real Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mille). Ngeyomndeni we-beech futhi ikhule ezindaweni ezishisayo eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika naseCaucasus.
Amantongomane avuthwe “emabhokisini” ayindilinga aqukethe izingcezu ezi-2-4.
Kuyafaneleka ukuhlukanisa izithelo ze-chestnut enhle nezithelo ze-chestnut yamahhashi, ezingadliwayo, futhi kwezinye izimo kungaholela ekufakeni ubuthi. I-chestnut yamahhashi isakazeke kakhulu eRussia, isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa amadolobha futhi yaziwa ngokuqhakaza kwayo "ikhandlela". Kunesithelo esisodwa kuphela kugobolondo lwe-chestnut yamahhashi, sinambitha okumunyu, futhi hhayi esimnandi, njenge-nutnut enhle.
Kukhona uMkhosi Wamasheya eFrance. Le nati ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo kazwelonke wamaFrance.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-40% ama-chestnut adliwe aseChina.
Ukwakhiwa nokuqukethwe kwekhalori kwe-chestnut
Chestnut iqukethe flavonoids, uwoyela, pectins, tannins, isitashi, ushukela, amaprotheni yemifino. Lona kuphela umuthi oqukethe uvithamini C, futhi uqukethe amavithamini A no-B, izakhi zamaminerali (i-iron, i-potassium).
- Amaprotheni, g: 3.4.
- Amafutha, g: 3.0.
- Amakhabhohayidrethi, g: 30.6
- Okuqukethwe kwekhalori - ama-kilocalories angama-245
Umlando wama-chestnut
I-Chestnut yisihlahla somndeni wakwaBech ngezithelo zegama elifanayo. Igobolondo elincane elinesikhumba esithelayo lifihla umuthi, ingxenye edliwayo ye-chestnut. Ama-chestnut atshalwa eGrisi lasendulo naseRoma lasendulo.
AmaRoma ayezisebenzisela ukudla, kanti amaGreki ayezisebenzisa njengomuthi. AmaRoma aletha ama-chestnut eBrithani. Kusuka eYurophu, ama-chestnut asabalale emhlabeni wonke.
Izihlahla ze-Chestnut bezilokhu zikhula emhlabeni wethu kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwalesi sitshalo kubuyela emuva ku-378 BC.
Izithelo zalesi sitshalo kwake kwabizwa ngokuthi “irayisi elimila esihlahleni.” Lokhu kungenxa yezici zokudla okunempilo. Ziyafana nelayisi elinsundu. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, izitshalo azihlanganisi lutho futhi azihlobene. Ama-chestnut angakhula ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500. Futhi isikhathi esiningi zithela izithelo.
Yiqiniso, abantu babhubhisa izihlahla ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kwezokwelapha, "i-chestnut yamahhashi" isakazeke kabanzi. Lesi sitshalo silethwe eYurophu sisuka eTurkey. Ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa njengokudla kwamahhashi. Kamuva, ngesisekelo sezithelo, baqala ukulungisa ikhambi lokukhwehlela lezilwane. Yingakho lesi sitshalo sathola igama laso.
Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zama-chestnut. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke ezifanele ukudla, futhi ziyasetshenziswa nasemithini. Izinhlobo eziningi azisizi ngalutho.
Izinhlobo zama-chestnut
Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi i-chestnut edliwayo ihluke ngokuphelele esitshalweni, izithelo zazo amaKievans angazithatha eKhreshchatyk. Intelezi ekhethekile emadolobheni ase-our country inikezwa i-chestnut yamahhashi yokuhlobisa, eyathola igama layo lokuthi izithelo zayo zinombala ofanayo futhi ziyakhanya njengalezo zamahhashi ase-bay. Amanye amagama alesi sitshalo isisu noma ama-esculus.
Izimbali, izithelo namagxolo e-chestnut yamahhashi yizinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile lapho kutholakala khona imithi yokwelapha izifo zemithambo yegazi. Kumuthi wesintu, ujusi ocindezelwe kusuka ezimbali ezintsha usetshenziselwa ngaphakathi ukuvotela imilenze kanye nama-hemorrhoids. Kusukela ku-decoction yamagatsha amagatsha, amabhati enzelwa ama-hemorrhoids. I-tincture yotshwala yezimbali ezomisiwe isetshenziselwa ngaphandle ngaphandle izinhlungu zamathambo neze-arthric…
Kepha i-chestnut yokuhlwanyela edliwayo ingeyomndeni ohluke ngokuphelele. Ikhula ikakhulukazi eMedithera, esifundeni soLwandle Olumnyama e-Asia Minor naseCaucasus. E-our country, i-chestnut yasendle itholakala eCrimea. Kuyiqiniso, izinhlobo zaseYurophu "eziphucukile" ezitshalwa e-Italy, eFrance noma eSpain zinkulu kakhulu - ubukhulu be-mandarin.
Ibukeka kanjani i-chestnut edliwayo?
Ingahlukaniswa ngamaqabunga ayo amade, anamazinyo, ahlanganiswe nesibambo hhayi nge-asterisk, kodwa ngamunye ngamunye. Izihlahla zifinyelela kumamitha angama-40 ukuphakama, kanti izimbali zingama-spikelets abukeka ejwayelekile anombala ophuzi. I-capsule yesithelo imbozwe ngenqwaba yamameva amade amancane, futhi ngaphakathi (ngokungafani ne-chestnut eyodwa yamahhashi) kunamantongomane ama-2-4 ngesimo sebhalbhu ngasikhathi sinye.
Amantongomane adliwayo ngokwawo ngaphandle acishe afane nezithelo ze-chestnut yamahhashi. Iyinati enkulu, eyisicaba (kwesinye isikhathi ecishe ibe yisicaba) enamagobolondo amancane ansundu amnyama. I-kernel ye-chestnut enjalo imhlophe nge-pulp enoshukela - uma ithosiwe, ukunambitheka kwayo kufana namazambane awomile, awomileyo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngezihlahla ze-chestnut, iminyaka engama-500 ubudala akuyona irekhodi. Lesi sitshalo besilokhu sikhona kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando. Ekhulwini lesi-4 BC. amaRoma alima ama-chestnut ngokugaya amantongomane abe ufulawa wokubhaka isinkwa.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-chestnut
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-tannins, akunconywa ukuthi kudle ama-chestnut aluhlaza.
Kuyisidlo esivamile ezindaweni zokupheka zaseFrance, eJapan, e-Italy, eChina, kanye nase-Asia. Zingathoswa, zibiliswe, zibhakwe, zisitsheke.
Isitsha esithandwa kakhulu ama-chestnut owosiwe. Ukuzilungiselela, izithelo zidinga ukusikwa ukuwela, okuzophinde kube lula ukuhlanzwa kwamantongomane egobolondweni. Bese ufaka amantongomane epanini lokuthosa, kuyilapho kunganconyelwe ukusebenzisa iTeflon, ukumboza ngamanabukeni amanzi ukuze ama-chestnut angomi, bese evala isivalo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20-30, ama-chestnut azobe esekulungele.
Ngesikhathi sokuthosa, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukugcina ama-napkins emanzi futhi ukuvula ama-chestnut ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kokuthosa, kunconywa ukuthi usheshe ususe ikhasi kuma-chestnut, ngoba azophinde abe nzima ngemuva kokupholisa.
Ama-chestnut anconywa ukuthi aphekwe kanye njengoba elahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo ngokushesha.
Zingasetshenziswa nokwenza ifulawa bese uyifaka esinkweni, uswidi, u-ayisikhilimu, amakhekhe, namakhekhe. Ufulawa we-chestnut usetshenziswa eCorsica ukubhaka isinkwa, kumantongomane uqobo - ekwenzeni isobho se-chestnut ngegalikhi no-anyanisi, njengesitsha eseceleni sezitshulu.
IFrance yaziwa ngomkhuba wayo wokosa ama-chestnut emigwaqweni. Kukhona iholidi likazwelonke laseFrance elibizwa nge- "Taste Week", elisuselwa ku "Festival of chestnuts".
Ama-chestnut ahamba kahle newayini elixutshiwe, uNorman cider, imfanzi, i-orange mousse, i-asparagus, i-scallops.
EJapane, zilungiswa ngenkukhu nelayisi, noma zenziwe njengokudla ubhiya. E-China, ama-chestnut ayaziwa njengesengezo senyama. Futhi, izitsha ezenziwe ngenyama yezingulube ezondliwe ngama-chestnut ziyaziswa kakhulu lapho.
Izici ezizuzisayo
Ama-chestnut aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezizuzisa umzimba, ezisiza ukukhulisa amasosha omzimba, ukuqinisa umzimba jikelele.
Ngezinhloso zokwelashwa, kusetshenziswa ama-decoctions, infusions noma ama-tinctures otshwala we-chestnut. Zisetshenziselwa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo, izifo zesibindi, i-articular rheumatism, imithambo ye-varicose, izifo zabesifazane, ama-hemorrhoids, i-thrombophlebitis, ukumiswa kwegazi okhalweni oluncane.
Izimo
Imikhiqizo ye-chestnut yehhashi iphikisana nezingane, abesifazane abanenkinga yokuya esikhathini, ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa, abantu abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophansi, ukuqunjelwa kwe-atonic, i-hypoacid gastritis, ukuvinjelwa kwegazi okungalungile.
Iziguli ezinokungasebenzi kahle kwezinso ezithatha imishanguzo yama-chestnut zidinga ukwelashwa njalo. Bonke abantu abafisa ukwelashwa ngalesi sitshalo kudingeka bahlole igazi nge-prothrombin, futhi uma ukufundwa kweprotheni kuncipha, khona-ke kufanele uyeke ngokushesha ukuthatha umuthi.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isilinganiso esinconywayo sokufakwa komuthi osetshenzisiwe noma omunye umuthi akumele weqiwe. Izilwane ezifuywayo ziboniswa ukuthi zidla izithelo ze-chestnut, umphumela ubuthi obukhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kugadwe izingane, ngoba izithelo zalesi sihlahla azidleki.
Amaqiniso Okuthakazelisayo
Isihlahla se-chestnut esidala kunazo zonke isihlahla esikhula eSicily. Iphinde ibe yiyona ekhuluphele kakhulu emhlabeni. Umjikelezo womgqomo ungamasentimitha angama-58. Ososayensi abakwazi ukuthola iminyaka yesihlahla. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ineminyaka engu-2000-4000 ubudala. Lesi sitshalo esidala futhi esijiyile sibhalwe ku-Guinness Book.
Umkhosi we-chestnut ubanjwa minyaka yonke e-Italy. Ngesikhathi seholide, izivakashi ziphathwa ngezitsha ezenziwe ngezithelo zesitshalo. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule omunye wabo wafakwa encwadini yeGuinness.
Umpheki wenye yezindawo zokudlela ezidumile zase-Italiya wenza ama-noodle kafulawa we-chestnut ngamamitha ayi-100 ubude. Uchwepheshe usebenze usuku lonke kwirekhodi. Uxove yena uqobo inhlama yakhe ama-noodle esebenzisa umshini okhethekile we-pasta.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-noodle asikwa futhi abiliswa kuze kube yi-al dente. Zonke izivakashi zomkhosi zelashelwe esitsheni. Izivakashi namajaji bathande ama-noodle we-chestnut kangangokuba badla konke ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulandela.
EGeneva, amakhulu amabili eminyaka, kube nesiko lokumemezela ukuqala kwentwasahlobo ngesinqumo esikhethekile lapho iqabunga lokuqala liqhakaza ku "chestnut esemthethweni" ekhula ngaphansi kwamafasitela esakhiwo sikahulumeni se-cantonal.
Ngokwezibalo, imvamisa intwasahlobo yamenyezelwa ngoMashi, yize kwakuvame ukwenzeka phambilini, kwathi ngo-2002 i-chestnut yaqhakaza ngoDisemba 29. Unyaka oyindida kakhulu kwakungu-2006: okokuqala, intwasahlobo yamenyezelwa ngoMashi, yaphinde yamenyezelwa ngo-Okthoba, njengesihlahla waqhakaza kungazelelwe futhi.
Ngo-1969, i-chestnut yaba yisibonakaliso seKiev - ngenxa yokuthi kwakumnandi ukubheka, futhi amaqabunga ayo nembali yayo kwakunesimo esihleleke kahle.