Okuqukethwe
Ukudoba i-eel yomfula: lapho itholakala khona, lapho ihluma, yini engcono ukuyibamba nendlela yokuheha
Izinhlanzi ezingavamile zeningi labantu baseRussia, kokubili ngokubukeka nendlela yokuphila. Inomzimba omude, ofana nowenyoka. Uma kungenjalo, iyinhlanzi evamile, ingemuva lomzimba liyisicaba. Isisu sama-eels amancane sinombala ophuzi, kanti kuma-eels avuthiwe simhlophe. I-River eel iyinhlanzi ye-anadromous (catadrom), ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwayo ihlala emanzini ahlanzekile, futhi ukuzala kuya olwandle. Kulokhu, kuhluke ezinhlanzini eziningi esizijwayele, nazo ezinendlela yokuphila yokufuduka, kodwa hamba ukuyozalela emanzini ahlanzekile. Izilinganiso zingafinyelela ku-2 m ubude nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-10 kg. Kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zinhlanzi zincane kakhulu. Isilwane esizingelayo esincamela impilo yasebusuku. Kunezigameko ezaziwayo zokukhasa kwamanye amanzi phansi ngesikhathi lina noma otshanini obumanzi. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-19 zezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-eel, ezinye zazo zingaba yingozi kubantu (i-electric eel). Kodwa i-eel, evamile emifuleni yaseYurophu naseRussia, ayiyona ingozi futhi ingaba yinto enhle kakhulu yokudoba. Ama-eels omfula (European) ohlobo lwe-Anguilla anguilla, naphezu kokusatshalaliswa kwawo okubanzi, angawohlobo olufanayo. Ifakwe kuhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Endabeni yokudoba emachibini emvelo lapho le nhlanzi ihlala khona, kuyadingeka ukucacisa imithetho yokudoba ukuzijabulisa.
Izindlela zokubamba i-eel yaseYurophu
Inhlanzi ihola impilo ye-benthic, twilight, ikhetha izindawo ezinamanzi azolile. Ngokuvamile ihlala emachibini. Okuhlobene nalokhu yizindlela zokudoba i-eel. Ukudoba, i-bottom ehlukahlukene, i-float gear isetshenziswa; ngezinye izikhathi ezindala - "enalitini", noma ama-analogue "emibuthano" - "ebhodleleni". Enye indlela exakile kakhulu ukubamba i-eel ensimbini eneluphu yentambo yezikelemu ezibethelwe - ezikhasa ngaphandle kanye nesambulela esikhundleni senethi elihlala phansi. Umbokwane unamathela futhi ulenga esixukwini sezibungu emazinyweni axhumene, futhi emoyeni uthathwa yisambulela.
Ukubamba i-eel egiyeni elingezansi
Imfuneko eyinhloko yokubamba i-eel ukwethembeka. Izimiso zemishini azihlukani nezinduku zokudoba ezingaphansi ezivamile noma ukudla okulula. Kuye ngezimo nezifiso zomdobi, izinduku ezine-"rig engenalutho" noma ezifakwe ama-reels zisetshenziswa. I-eel ayiqapheli ngokukhethekile, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwezintambo eziqinile, eziqinile kubalulekile hhayi kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nezinhlanzi, kodwa ngenxa yezimo zokudoba ebusuku nakusihlwa. I-eel nayo inhle phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma zezulu. Amadonki noma "ama-snacks" ahlonyiswe kangcono ngezingwegwe ezimbili noma ezintathu. Isimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokudoba ama-eel ngempumelelo ulwazi lwendawo yokuhlala nokudla, kanye nolwazi lwemikhuba yezinhlanzi zendawo.
Amahubo
Izinhlanzi zifundiswa endaweni yokudoba, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlanzi, lokhu akukhuthazwa ngosuku lokudoba. Ingxenye enkulu, ama-eel abanjwa ngezilo zezilwane. Lezi izikelemu ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, uma kucatshangelwa ubugovu bale nhlanzi, ukukhasa ngaphandle noma izinyanda ezincane eziboshelwa enyangeni. I-Eel ibanjwe ngokuphelele ku-bait bukhoma noma izingcezu zenyama yenhlanzi. Ama-eel amaningi aseBaltic akhetha amalambu amancane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abamba ama-eel cishe kunoma iyiphi izinhlanzi zendawo.
Izindawo zokudoba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala
E-Russia, ukusatshalaliswa kwama-eels aseYurophu kufinyelela ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, futhi oLwandle Olumnyama lubonwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuwo wonke ama-tributaries eMfuleni iDon naseTaganrog Bay. Ama-Eels akhuphuka agudla i-Dnieper aye e-Mogilev. Izibalo ze-eel ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga zisabalele phezu kwamadamu amaningi amanzi aphakathi nezwe esifundeni, ukusuka eChudskoye kuya emachibini aseKarelian, okuhlanganisa nemifula namachibi e-Belomorsky runoff. Ama-Eels ayehlala emachibini amaningi aseRussia Ephakathi, kusukela emachibini eVolga kuya eLake Seliger. Njengamanje, ngezinye izikhathi liwela eMfuleni waseMoscow, futhi livame kakhulu emanzini ase-Ozerninsky naseMozhaisk.
Ukuzalela
Emvelweni, ama-eels azalela oLwandle lwaseSargas oLwandle i-Atlantic, endaweni yokusebenza ye-Gulf Stream. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-9-12 yokuphila emifuleni nasemachibini aseYurophu, i-eel iqala ukushibilika olwandle futhi iqhubekele ezindaweni zokuzalela. Umbala wezinhlanzi uyashintsha, ukhanya kakhulu, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuhlukana kobulili kubonakala. Izinhlanzi zizala ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-400, zizala amaqanda amaningi, afinyelela kuhhafu wesigidi noma ngaphezulu. Ngemva kokuzala, izinhlanzi ziyafa. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, amaqanda avundisiwe aphenduka abe isibungu esisobala - i-leptocephalus, eqala ukuphila okuzimele ezindaweni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, bese, ngaphansi kwethonya le-Gulf Stream efudumele, kancane kancane iyiswa ezindaweni zokuhlala ezengeziwe. Cishe ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, isibungu sikhula sibe uhlobo olulandelayo lwentuthuko - i-eel yengilazi. Lapho isondela emanzini ahlanzekile, inhlanzi iphinde ishintshe, ithola umbala wayo ojwayelekile futhi kakade kuleli fomu ingena emifuleni.